CN111194666A - Method for recovering, utilizing and managing and protecting black soil mountain vegetation - Google Patents
Method for recovering, utilizing and managing and protecting black soil mountain vegetation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111194666A CN111194666A CN202010071435.0A CN202010071435A CN111194666A CN 111194666 A CN111194666 A CN 111194666A CN 202010071435 A CN202010071435 A CN 202010071435A CN 111194666 A CN111194666 A CN 111194666A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/008—Sod or grassland seeding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering, utilizing and managing and protecting black-soil mountain vegetation, and belongs to the technical field of recovering, utilizing and managing and protecting deteriorated grassland vegetation in alpine regions. The method comprises the contents of plant area selection, weed seed selection, seeding mode, seeding quantity, seeding period, seeding depth, fence, rat damage control, agricultural measures, reasonable utilization and scientific management after planting and the like for recovering the vegetation of the deteriorated grassland in the black soil mountain. The method is suitable for planting and utilizing the deteriorated grassland vegetation of the black soil mountain with the soil layer thickness of more than 15cm and the gradient of more than or equal to 15 degrees.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetation recovery, utilization and management and protection of deteriorated grasslands in alpine regions, in particular to a method for recovering, utilizing and managing and protecting black-soil mountain vegetation.
Background
The Qinghai-Tibet plateau is called as the third pole of the world, has unique geographic environment and special climatic conditions, and the grassland ecosystem mainly comprises an alpine meadow and an alpine steppe. In recent years, under the common influence of human society, production and operation activities and global climate change, the structure and functional process of the ecosystem of the alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau are irreversibly changed, the quality of the grassland (including plants and soil) is degraded, the productivity, the economic potential and the service function are reduced, the ecological environment is deteriorated, the biological diversity and the complexity degree thereof are reduced, the service function and the stability of the ecosystem are gradually lost, and the ecological environment of the grassland is seriously deteriorated.
Grass deterioration is a global problem and one of several hot problems in current grass ecology studies. The Qinghai-Tibet plateau is one of the main animal husbandry bases in China, wherein the black soil type deteriorated grassland has wide distribution, large area, fast development speed, serious harm and great treatment difficulty, and becomes the focus of attention of people in various countries at home and abroad.
The black-soil type deteriorated grassland refers to a large-area secondary bare land formed after severe deterioration of an alpine meadow grassland which takes the saggy plants as the seeds of the group under the environment condition of alpine above the altitude of 3700m in Tibet plateau, or a natural landscape with the original vegetation deteriorated in a hilly island shape. The bare soil is black, so the lawn is named as 'black soil type' deteriorated grassland. It includes the commonly known "black beach" and "black mountain", etc. "black soil type" deteriorated grass is a general term and has no academic significance.
At present, the treatment and recovery technology of the black beach is quite mature, available grass seeds are more, the grass seeds mainly comprise elymus nutans, Qinghai Chinese fescue, Qinghai cold-land poa and the like, and the grass seeds can be industrially produced and obtain a series of local standards and research results; on the contrary, the study on the recovery of the black hills is relatively weak, the start is also late, the recovery difficulty is high, and the available prior art is almost none. Among them, available grass seeds are very rare, which has become a bottleneck problem restricting the recovery of black-soil mountain plants.
At present, the treatment and recovery technology of the black soil beach is quite mature, and researches are mainly carried out on technical contents of a planting area, grass seed selection, a sowing mode, a sowing quantity, a sowing period, a sowing depth, fences, rat damage control, agricultural measures, reasonable utilization and scientific management after planting and the like for recovering the vegetation of the deteriorated grassland of the black soil beach (slope) with the soil layer thickness of more than 20cm and the slope of less than 15 degrees. However, the technology hardly studies the restoration of the black soil mountain planting with the slope of more than or equal to 15 degrees, and the research of the restoration technology of the black soil mountain planting with the slope of more than or equal to 15 degrees is still blank at present.
Disclosure of Invention
At present, the prior art for recovering black-soil mountain vegetation does not exist, and the invention provides a black-soil mountain recovery technology which is scientific and reasonable in technology, strong in operability, safe and reliable, so that the recovery of black-soil mountain deteriorated grassland vegetation becomes practical, and the native vegetation is protected to the maximum extent, thereby filling the international and domestic blank.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a method for recovering, utilizing and managing and protecting black soil mountain vegetation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) region of implantation
Selecting a black mountain deteriorated grassland with the soil layer thickness of more than or equal to 15cm and the slope of more than or equal to 15 degrees in the winter and spring grassland;
(2) grass seed selection
① the forage grass for the shady slope comprises rhizome type forage grass and dense cluster type forage grass which are sowed together;
② the sunny slope is made of drought-resistant native pasture;
(3) agronomic measures
Preparing soil on the degraded grassland of the black soil mountain with the gradient of between ① 15 and 25 degrees by using a small-sized mechanical mini-tiller, wherein the agronomic measures are rat damage control → mini-tiller rotary tillage → harrowing and grinding → fertilization → broadcasting (artificial) → harrowing and grinding → pressing → non-woven fabric covering;
② the black hilly degraded grassland with gradient not less than 25 deg. is planted by full-artificial method, the agricultural measures are rat damage control → artificial ditching → fertilization → drilling (artificial) → earthing up → compacting → covering non-woven fabrics;
(4) sowing mode
A mixed sowing mode is adopted;
(5) seeding rate
Seeding rate: 60kg/hm2；
(6) Sowing time
From 5 last ten days of month to 6 last ten days of month;
(7) depth of sowing
The sowing depth of the large-grain seeds is 1.0 cm-1.5 cm, and the sowing depth of the small-grain seeds is 0.5 cm-1.0 cm;
(8) fertilizing
Applying mixed fertilizer of bulk blend fertilizer and organic fertilizer;
(9) management of field
① fence
After the artificial grassland is built, fence management and protection are adopted in time;
② grazing prohibited
The growing season of the first year and the following years of planting is forbidden to pasture, and the pasturing utilization time is from the beginning of 12 months per year to the beginning of 3 months in the next year from the second year;
③ topdressing
The artificial grassland on the black mountains is planted in 3 rd year or every other year from late 6 months to late 7 months (tillering-jointing period), and 5 kg of urea is additionally applied to each mu;
④ toxic weed control
The aim of restoring the black-soil mountain vegetation is to increase the biodiversity thereof, so toxic weed control is not carried out;
⑤ grass damage control
The mouse damage control is carried out in time before and after the artificial grassland is sowed;
(10) effect inspection
① sowing effect check
Checking content and time
Checking the density and uniformity of the seeds during sowing, measuring the seedling rate after the seedlings are aligned, measuring the overwintering rate when the seedlings turn green in the 2 nd year, and measuring the coverage, height, community structure and species composition in the middle and late ten days of 8 months every year;
② inspection method
Investigating community structure and species composition by a random sampling method, wherein 1m multiplied by 1m is used for each sample, and the steps are repeated for not less than 5 times;
③ inspection Standard
The seedlings are required to be uniform and regular, and the density is more than 600 plants/m2(ii) a The vegetation coverage in 8-month middle of the second year of planting is more than 70 percent.
Furthermore, the quality requirement of the Chinese herbal medicine in the step (2) reaches more than three levels of standards specified in GB 6142, the grass seeds with serious diseases and insect pests are destroyed immediately before sowing, and the grass seeds with slight diseases and insect pests can be used after being treated by drugs.
Further, the root type pasture of the step (2) comprises blue sea meadow bluegrass, and the compact type pasture of the step (2) comprises hairy grasses and elymus nutans.
Further, the shade slope pasture in the step (2) also comprises the grass of the Qinghai clown Poa, the Code small festuca arundinacea, the Qinghai Chinese fescue, the maiden grass, grass and the Tibetan iso oat.
Further, the local pasture in the step (2) comprises Tuo river Clerodendron thamnoides, Marchang grass, grass, Tolyphum pratense, Isodon japonicus and Kentum pratense.
Further, (5) the weight ratio of the large-grain seeds to the small-grain seeds in the sowing amount is 2: 1.
further, (8) the blended fertilizer N + P is applied in fertilization2O5+K2O ≧ 40% of which N, P2O5、K2The mass ratio of O is18：14：8。
And further, (8) applying a mixed fertilizer consisting of 20 kg of bulk blend fertilizer and 100 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in the fertilization.
Further, the grazing rate in the grazing stage is controlled at 50%.
Further, the medicine treatment is soaking in lime water at 35 ℃ for 24 hours or in 1:30 formalin for 10 minutes.
The method researches the technical contents of the planting area, the grass seed selection, the sowing mode, the sowing quantity, the sowing period, the sowing depth, the fence, the rat damage control, the agricultural measures, the reasonable utilization and the scientific management after the planting and the like for the vegetation recovery of the deteriorated grassland of the black soil mountain. The method is suitable for planting and utilizing the deteriorated grassland vegetation of the black soil mountain with the soil layer thickness of more than 15cm and the gradient of more than or equal to 15 degrees.
The invention provides an effective treatment, utilization and management and protection method for the degeneration of the black soil mountain, and obtains good ecological, economic and social benefits. The restoration technology is scientific and reasonable, has strong operability, is safe and reliable, realizes the restoration of the black mountain deteriorated grassland vegetation, and fills the international and domestic blank; the technique protects the native vegetation to the maximum extent; the method has the advantages that the method breaks through the grass seed combination, through a screening test of suitable grass seeds in black hills for several years, the shade slope is mainly mixed sowed by root-stem type (grassland of Qinghai and early-maturing grass) and dense-clump type (grass and elymus nutans) pasture, the effect after planting is very obvious, the turf can be quickly formed, the plant community is stable, the pasture and trampling are resistant, the durability is strong, the grass quality is soft, the yield is high, the quality of the forage grass is good, and the utilization period is long. Meanwhile, the blue-green grassland annual bluegrass has developed tillering regeneration and rhizome reproductive capacity, a compact turf layer is more easily formed along with the increase of the growth age, the water storage and water retention capacity is stronger, and the green grassland annual bluegrass plays a good role in conserving water sources, preventing water and soil loss and restraining grassland deterioration. The sunny slope is mainly formed by mixedly sowing Tuo Cluo grass, Marchang grass, grass, Tilapia nutans, Isodon pardalis, cold-land annual bluegrass in the Qinghai. A growing season fallow theory is put forward on the grassland management; the invention provides a method for using mixed fertilizer and organic fertilizer to mix as base fertilizer, which improves the rate of emergence and the rate of seedling protection of pasture; the planting effect is better by using 20 g/square meter of non-woven fabric; good ecological, economic and social benefits are obtained at present.
The method for recovering the grass seeds has the advantages that the wild cultivation domesticated grass seeds in the alpine region are used for recovering the grass seeds, the adaptability is very strong, and the countryside soil property is good; the compact pasture and the rhizome pasture are mixed and sowed, so that a compact turf layer is easily and quickly formed, the pasture layer is not easy to degrade after being planted, and the pasture layer has good ecological property; the grass seeds used in the invention have good palatability, rich nutritive value, ecological and production win-win effect and good grazing property.
The pasture can exert the maximum advantage of each grass seed in a mixed sowing state, and has the best effect on the recovery and treatment of the deteriorated grassland in the black soil mountain; the gradient treatment technology adopted by the invention has strong operability, safety, reliability and obvious treatment effect; the season fallow theory provided by the invention ensures that the treatment effect is long-lasting; the bulk blend fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are mixed to be used as a base fertilizer, so that the nutrients and the structure of the soil are quickly recovered; the planting of the non-woven fabric is more successful; the method is suitable for recovering the vegetation of the deteriorated grassland in the black soil mountain with the altitude of 3700 meters above.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of deteriorated grassland in black mountains with a gradient of 25 degrees or more before restoration;
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the deteriorated grassland of black mountain with a slope of 25 deg. or more after restoration
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a full-artificial planting of deteriorated grassland in black soil with a gradient of not less than 25 degrees;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of deteriorated lawn in black hills at 15 DEG-25 DEG slope before recovery;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of a degraded lawn in black hills having a 15 DEG-slope < 25 DEG after recovery;
fig. 6 is a photograph of a mechanical planting.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Example 1
(1) Region of implantation
Selecting a black hilly deteriorated grassland with the soil layer thickness of more than or equal to 15cm and the gradient of more than or equal to 15 degrees and less than 25 degrees in a winter and spring grassland;
(2) grass seed selection
① the shade slope mainly comprises blue-sea grassland Poa pratensis, hairy grass, Tilapia nutans, blue-sea cold-land Poa pratensis, Code small festuca arundinacea, blue-sea Chinese fescue, Marangcao, grass, and Tibetan herba Avenae Fatuae;
② the sunny slope mainly comprises Tuo river Clerodendron trichotomum, maiden grass, grass, Tilapia nutans, Isodon japonicus, and blue sea cold land Poa annua;
the quality requirement of the seeds reaches more than three levels of standards specified in GB 6142;
seeds with serious diseases and insect pests are immediately destroyed before sowing, and seeds with slight diseases and insect pests are used after being soaked in lime water for 24 hours at 35 ℃. (
(3) Agronomic measures
The black hilly degraded grassland with the gradient of more than or equal to 15 degrees and less than 25 degrees is prepared by a small mechanical mini-tiller:
rat damage control → rotary tillage of a mini-tiller → harrowing and grinding → fertilization → broadcast sowing (manual) → harrowing and grinding → compacting → covering of non-woven fabrics;
(4) sowing mode
A mixed sowing mode is adopted;
(5) seeding rate
General theory seeding rate: 60kg/hm2Wherein the weight ratio of the large-grain seeds to the small-grain seeds is 2: 1;
(6) sowing time
From 5 last ten days of month to 6 last ten days of month;
(7) depth of sowing
The sowing depth of the large-grain seeds is 1.0 cm-1.5 cm, and the sowing depth of the small-grain seeds is 0.5 cm-1.0 cm;
(8) base fertilizer
Using bulk blend fertilizer and organic fertilizer as base fertilizer;
the test results show that: blended fertilizer (N + P)2O5+K2O ≧ 40% of which N, P2O5、K2The mass ratio of O is 18: 14: 8) the effect is optimal when 20 kilograms of organic fertilizer and 100 kilograms of organic fertilizer are applied to each mu;
(9) management of field
① fence
After the artificial grassland is built, the enclosure is adopted for management and protection;
② grazing prohibited
The test results show that: the growing season of the first year and the following year of planting is forbidden to pasture, the pasturing utilization time is from the beginning of 12 months per year to the beginning of 3 months in the next year from the second year, and the pasturing rate is controlled to be 50%;
③ topdressing
The test results show that: the artificial grassland on the black mountains is planted in 3 rd year or every other year from late 6 months to late 7 months (tillering-jointing period), and the effect of applying 5 kg of urea per mu is better;
④ toxic weed control
The aim of restoring the black-soil mountain vegetation is to increase the biodiversity thereof, so toxic weed control is not carried out;
⑤ grass damage control
The mouse damage control is carried out in time before and after the artificial grassland is sowed;
(10) effect inspection
① sowing effect check
Checking content and time
The density and uniformity of the seeds falling during sowing are checked, the seedling yield is measured after seedlings are aligned, and the overwintering rate is measured during the green turning of the 2 nd year. The coverage, height and colony structure and species composition were measured annually in the middle and late 8 months.
② inspection method
The colony structure and species composition were investigated by random sampling, using a 1m × 1m square, with no less than 5 replicates.
③ inspection Standard
The seedlings are required to be uniform and regular, and the density is more than 600 plants/m2(ii) a The vegetation coverage in 8-month middle of the second year of planting is more than 70 percent.
(11) Restoring the effect
By monitoring the control demonstration area, the average seedling number of the 8 middle-of-month seedlings in the current year is restored to 2200 strains/m2Above, the average fresh grass yield reaches 507 kg/mu, the average coverage reaches more than 70%, and the average height is 15 cm; the average fresh grass yield in 8-month middle ten days of the second year reaches 1250 kg/mu; the average coverage degree is more than 85 percent, and the average height is 65 cm.
Example 2
(1) Region of implantation
Selecting a black hilly deteriorated grassland with the soil layer thickness of more than or equal to 15cm and the slope of more than or equal to 25 degrees in the winter and spring grassland;
(2) grass seed selection
① the shade slope mainly comprises blue-sea grassland Poa pratensis, hairy grass, Tilapia nutans, blue-sea cold-land Poa pratensis, Code small festuca arundinacea, blue-sea Chinese fescue, Marangcao, grass, and Tibetan herba Avenae Fatuae;
② the sunny slope mainly comprises Tuo river Clerodendron trichotomum, maiden grass, grass, Tilapia nutans, Isodon japonicus, and blue sea cold land Poa annua;
the quality requirement of the seeds reaches more than three levels of standards specified in GB 6142;
seeds with serious diseases and insect pests are immediately destroyed before sowing, and seeds with slight diseases and insect pests are used after being soaked in formalin at the ratio of 1:30 for 10 minutes.
(3) Agronomic measures
The black mountain deteriorated grassland with the gradient of more than or equal to 25 degrees adopts full-artificial planting: rodent control → artificial furrowing → fertilization → drill (artificial) → soil covering → compacting → non-woven fabric covering;
(4) sowing mode
A mixed sowing mode is adopted;
(5) seeding rate
General theory seeding rate: 60kg/hm2Wherein the weight ratio of the large-grain seeds to the small-grain seeds is 2: 1;
(6) sowing time
From 5 last ten days of month to 6 last ten days of month;
(7) depth of sowing
The sowing depth of the large-grain seeds is 1.0 cm-1.5 cm, and the sowing depth of the small-grain seeds is 0.5 cm-1.0 cm;
(8) base fertilizer
Using bulk blend fertilizer and organic fertilizer as base fertilizer;
the test results show that: blended fertilizer (N + P)2O5+K2O ≧ 40% of which N, P2O5、K2The mass ratio of O is 18: 14: 8) the effect is optimal when 20 kilograms of organic fertilizer and 100 kilograms of organic fertilizer are applied to each mu;
(9) management of field
① fence
After the artificial grassland is built, the enclosure is adopted for management and protection;
② grazing prohibited
The test results show that: the growing season of the first year and the following year of planting is forbidden to pasture, the pasturing utilization time is from the beginning of 12 months per year to the beginning of 3 months in the next year from the second year, and the pasturing rate is controlled to be 50%;
③ topdressing
The test results show that: the artificial grassland on the black mountains is planted in 3 rd year or every other year from late 6 months to late 7 months (tillering-jointing period), and the effect of applying 5 kg of urea per mu is better;
④ toxic weed control
The aim of restoring the black-soil mountain vegetation is to increase the biodiversity thereof, so toxic weed control is not carried out;
⑤ grass damage control
The mouse damage control is carried out in time before and after the artificial grassland is sowed;
(10) effect inspection
① sowing effect check
Checking content and time
The density and uniformity of the seeds falling during sowing are checked, the seedling yield is measured after seedlings are aligned, and the overwintering rate is measured during the green turning of the 2 nd year. The coverage, height and colony structure and species composition were measured annually in the middle and late 8 months.
② inspection method
The colony structure and species composition were investigated by random sampling, using a 1m × 1m square, with no less than 5 replicates.
③ inspection Standard
The seedlings are required to be uniform and regular, and the density is more than 600 plants/m2(ii) a The vegetation coverage in 8-month middle of the second year of planting is more than 70 percent.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
(11) Restoring the effect
By monitoring the control demonstration area, the average seedling number in 8 middle of the month in the year is restored to 2500 seedlings/m2Above, the average fresh grass yield reaches 557 kg/mu, the average coverage reaches more than 75%, and the average height is 18 cm; the average fresh grass yield in 8-month middle ten days of the second year reaches 1360 kg/mu; the average coverage degree is more than 90%, and the average height is 72 cm.
Claims (9)
1. A method for recovering, utilizing and managing black soil mountain vegetation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) region of implantation
Selecting a black mountain deteriorated grassland with the soil layer thickness of more than or equal to 15cm and the slope of more than or equal to 15 degrees in the winter and spring grassland;
(2) grass seed selection
① the forage grass for the shady slope comprises rhizome type forage grass and dense cluster type forage grass which are sowed together;
② the sunny slope is made of drought-resistant native pasture;
(3) agronomic measures
Preparing land on the degraded grassland of the black soil mountain with the gradient of between ① 15 and 25 degrees by using a small-sized mechanical mini-tiller, wherein the agronomic measures comprise rat damage control, mini-tiller rotary tillage, rake grinding, fertilization, manual broadcasting, rake grinding, compacting and non-woven fabric covering in sequence;
② the deteriorated grassland of black soil mountain with gradient not less than 25 deg. is planted by full-artificial method, and the agricultural measures include rat damage control, artificial ditching, fertilizing, artificial drilling, earthing, compacting, and covering with non-woven fabrics;
(4) sowing mode
A mixed sowing mode is adopted;
(5) seeding rate
Seeding rate: 60kg/hm2；
(6) Sowing time
From 5 last ten days of month to 6 last ten days of month;
(7) depth of sowing
The sowing depth of the large-grain seeds is 1.0 cm-1.5 cm, and the sowing depth of the small-grain seeds is 0.5 cm-1.0 cm;
(8) fertilizing
Applying mixed fertilizer of bulk blend fertilizer and organic fertilizer;
(9) management of field
① fence
After the artificial grassland is built, fence management and protection are adopted in time;
② grazing prohibited
The growing season of the first year and the following years of planting is forbidden to pasture, and the pasturing utilization time is from the beginning of 12 months per year to the beginning of 3 months in the next year from the second year;
③ topdressing
The artificial grassland on the black mountains is planted in 3 rd year or every other year from late 6 months to late 7 months (tillering-jointing period), and 5 kg of urea is additionally applied to each mu;
④ toxic weed control
The aim of restoring the black-soil mountain vegetation is to increase the biodiversity thereof, so toxic weed control is not carried out;
⑤ grass damage control
The mouse damage control is carried out in time before and after the artificial grassland is sowed;
(10) effect inspection
① sowing effect check
Checking content and time
Checking the density and uniformity of the seeds during sowing, measuring the seedling rate after the seedlings are aligned, measuring the overwintering rate when the seedlings turn green in the 2 nd year, and measuring the coverage, height, community structure and species composition in the middle and late ten days of 8 months every year;
② inspection method
Investigating community structure and species composition by a random sampling method, wherein 1m multiplied by 1m is used for each sample, and the steps are repeated for not less than 5 times;
③ inspection Standard
The seedlings are required to be uniform and regular, and the density is more than 600 plants/m2(ii) a The vegetation coverage in 8-month middle of the second year of planting is more than 70 percent.
2. The method for recovering, utilizing and managing the black-soil mountain vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the quality of the grass in the step (2) meets more than three levels of standards specified in GB 6142, the grass with serious diseases and insect pests is destroyed immediately before sowing, and the grass with slight diseases and insect pests is used after being treated by drugs.
3. The method for rehabilitating, utilizing, and managing black-soil mountain vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the root-type grasses of step (2) comprise blue-green grass, bluegrass, and the compact-clump-type grasses of step (2) comprise hairy grasses and elymus nutans.
4. The method for restoring, utilizing and managing black-soil mountain vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the shade grass of step (2) further comprises young bluegrass, cogongrass, orchioides sinense, wheatgrass, grass and Tibetan iso oat.
5. The method for recovering, utilizing and managing black-soil mountain vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the local pasture grasses in the step (2) include thauma tuo, sainfoin grass, grass, elymus nutans, thalictrum dahlia and poa virginiana.
6. The method for recovering, utilizing and managing black-soil mountain vegetation according to claim 1, wherein (5) the weight ratio of the large-grain seeds to the small-grain seeds in the seeding rate is 2: 1.
7. the method for recovering, utilizing and managing black-soil mountain vegetation according to claim 1, wherein (8) the blended fertilizer N + P is applied2O5+K2O ≧ 40% of which N, P2O5、K2The mass ratio of O is 18: 14: 8.
8. the method for recovering, utilizing and managing black-soil mountain vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the mixed fertilizer consisting of 20 kg of the bulk fertilizer and 100 kg of the organic fertilizer is applied per mu in the (8) fertilization.
9. The method for recovering, utilizing and managing black-soil mountain vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the grazing rate in the grazing stage is controlled to 50%.
Priority Applications (1)
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