CN113647224B - Slope farmland water and soil conservation composite measure configuration method integrating slope and soil layer differentiation - Google Patents
Slope farmland water and soil conservation composite measure configuration method integrating slope and soil layer differentiation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113647224B CN113647224B CN202110926347.9A CN202110926347A CN113647224B CN 113647224 B CN113647224 B CN 113647224B CN 202110926347 A CN202110926347 A CN 202110926347A CN 113647224 B CN113647224 B CN 113647224B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
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Abstract
The invention provides a slope farmland water and soil conservation composite measure configuration method integrating the difference of gradient and soil layer, comprising dividing a water collecting slope surface, dividing slope sections, measuring the soil layer thickness of each slope section and determining the type of configuration measure; dividing the slope farmland of the planning area into a plurality of water collecting slopes according to the topographic change of the slope farmland of the planning area; dividing the water collection slope surface into a plurality of slope sections with specific measures according to the gradient change difference in the water collection slope surface; and determining the type of the configuration measure of each slope section and implementing the configuration measure according to the thickness of the soil layer of each slope section and the gradient of the slope section. The method breaks through the limit that the existing measure configuration takes the water collecting slope surface as the minimum land standing unit, introduces the factor of surface soil thickness, and enables the water and soil conservation measure configuration to conform to the principles of local conditions, ecological land conservation and comprehensive high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil loss treatment, in particular to a slope farmland water and soil conservation composite measure configuration method integrating the difference of slope and soil layer.
Background
Water and soil loss of slope farmland is the result of the combined action of regional natural conditions and unreasonable production activities. The northeast black soil region is an important grain producing area in China, and because of a heavy-duty light-duty land cultivation mode, the slope cultivated land in the region has serious water and soil loss, thereby bringing important restrictions to the ecology of the black land and the grain safety. Long term supervisionThe test result shows that the black soil layer of the cultivated land in the northeast region becomes thinner by 2-3 mm per year due to soil erosion averagely, and the soil speed is only about 0.1mm per year. As 2020, the soil erosion of 22.2 km in the whole area 2 The soil occupies 1/5 of the area of the national soil, the thickness of a fertile black soil layer on the surface layer is obviously reduced due to water and soil loss, part of the black soil layer is completely removed, the matrix of the lower layer is exposed to form a seriously eroded degraded soil which is called 'yellow crust breaking', the productivity is basically and completely lost, and the yield reduction of grains caused by the soil is up to 14.7% every year. For many years, a plurality of suitable and effective water and soil conservation measures are provided for preventing and treating water and soil loss of slope farmland in northeast regions by combining production practices, and the measures are mainly classified into 3 types of engineering measures, biological measures and farming measures.
The catchment slope is a complete landform unit for soil erosion, particularly hydraulic erosion, and is also a basic unit for cultivation and operation in northeast regions. The topography of the low hilly area of northeast is fluctuant and changeable, and the common influence of hydraulic erosion and long-term artificial farming makes the slope top to the slope foot in the water-collecting slope surface generally have the slope and the change of the surface layer farming soil layer thickness along the journey. The slope is an important factor for determining the soil erosion of the slope, and the larger the slope is, the higher the erosion strength is, and different water and soil conservation measures need to be supplemented correspondingly. Particularly in northeast regions, the whole terrain is long and slow, and slope changes are more sensitive to the influence of soil erosion strength and adaptation to water and soil conservation measures. Meanwhile, in the implementation process of slope water and soil conservation measures, necessary excavation and disturbance are usually required to be carried out on slope cultivated land for arrangement measures, and when biological measures such as ridge plant zones and the like are implemented, surface soil excavation within a certain range is required to be carried out so as to build ridges, and soil is properly prepared so as to plant plants; when engineering measures such as horizontal terraces and the like are implemented, the slope surface needs to be excavated and backfilled comprehensively to reduce the gradient and repair the slope type. When the surface fertile soil is thick, the disturbance process of the arrangement measures mainly changes physical properties such as soil compactness and the like, has little influence on the soil productivity in the later period, and when the surface fertile soil is thin, the disturbance process enables the surface soil to be mixed with the loess matrix under the surface soil in a large amount, so that the cultivated land productivity after the measures are implemented is obviously reduced. Therefore, when the water and soil loss of slope cultivated land is treated in the northeast area, especially in the low hilly area, the slope and the soil thickness should be comprehensively considered for the selection and configuration of measures, so as to obtain the best comprehensive benefit in the aspects of water and soil conservation function improvement and land productivity maintenance.
However, the existing water and soil conservation measures in the low mountains and hills of the northeast are selected and configured, the whole slope from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope is usually taken as a unit, a single measure is selected according to the average slope of the slope, and the whole method is comprehensively implemented. According to the configuration method, on one hand, the problem that the local slope section is unreasonably configured due to the fact that the terrain change of the northeast hilly area is changed in a changeable manner is ignored, so that the overall water and soil conservation effect of the slope is influenced or the input cost for implementing measures is increased; on the other hand, long-term water and soil loss has resulted in serious degradation of fertile surface soil of many slopes and arable lands in low mountains and hills in northeast, and water and soil conservation measures are selected only according to slopes, so that shallow surface soil and lower loess matrixes are mixed in large quantity in some slope sections with shallow soil layers due to necessary excavation and disturbance in the implementation of the measures, and the productivity of the soil is obviously reduced after the implementation of the measures.
Therefore, how to solve the problem that the prior water and soil conservation measures select and configure the whole slope surface from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope as a basic unit, and select a single measure according to the average slope magnitude thereof causes unreasonable configuration of the local slope segment measures, thereby affecting the whole water and soil conservation effect of the slope surface, increasing the investment cost of the measures or causing the reduction of the land productivity is an important subject to be urgently solved in the industry at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a slope farmland water and soil conservation composite measure configuration method with different comprehensive gradients and soil layers, which is used for solving the defects that the whole slope from the top of a slope to the bottom of the slope is selected and configured as a basic unit, and single measures are selected according to the average gradient size of the slope, so that the unreasonable configuration of local slope measures is caused to influence the whole water and soil conservation effect of the slope, the investment cost of measures is increased or the soil productivity is reduced. The method breaks the limit that the existing measure configuration takes the water collecting slope surface as the minimum land unit, introduces the factor of the surface soil thickness, and leads the principle of local adjustment and accurate configuration of the water and soil conservation measure configuration.
The invention provides a slope farmland water and soil conservation composite measure configuration method integrating the difference of gradient and soil layer, comprising the following steps:
dividing the water collecting slope surfaces, and dividing the slope farmland of the planning area into a plurality of water collecting slope surfaces according to the change of the terrain of the slope farmland of the planning area;
dividing slope sections, namely dividing the water collection slope surface into a plurality of slope sections with specific measures according to the difference of slope changes in the water collection slope surface;
measuring the thickness of the soil layer of each slope section;
determining the type of the configuration measure, determining the type of the configuration measure of each slope section according to the thickness of the soil layer of each slope section and the gradient of the slope section, and implementing the configuration measure.
According to the method for configuring the water and soil conservation composite measure of the slope farmland with the comprehensive slope and different soil layers, the slope division section comprises the following steps:
measuring the slope gradient and the slope curvature of the water collecting slope at different positions;
dividing each water collecting slope surface into a plurality of different slope sections from bottom to top or from top to bottom according to the slope and the curvature of the slope surface;
the specific slope of each slope segment is determined.
According to the slope farmland water and soil conservation compound measure configuration method with the comprehensive gradient and soil layer difference provided by the invention, each water collecting slope surface is divided into a flat slope, a gentle slope and a steep slope, the gradient of the flat slope is less than or equal to 3 degrees, the gradient of the gentle slope is greater than 3 degrees and less than 5 degrees, and the gradient of the steep slope is greater than 5 degrees.
According to the slope farmland water and soil conservation composite measure configuration method integrating the difference of the gradient and the soil layer, the flat slope configuration measure is a cultivation measure, the gentle slope configuration measure is a biological measure and cultivation measure composite configuration, and the steep slope configuration measure is an engineering measure and cultivation measure composite configuration.
According to the method for configuring the water and soil conservation compound measures for the slope farmland with the comprehensive gradient and different soil layers, when the thickness of the soil layer of the flat slope is more than 20cm, the farming measures are transverse slope ridge change or ridge direction farmland; when the thickness of the soil layer of the flat slope is less than or equal to 20cm, the cultivation measures are in-situ deep scarification or ridge changing on a cross slope;
when the thickness of the soil layer of the gentle slope is more than 20cm, the biological measure is a ridge plant zone, and the cultivation measure is little cultivation and no cultivation or change of transverse slope into ridge or ridge direction to farmland; when the thickness of the soil layer of the gentle slope is less than or equal to 20cm, the biological measure is a ridge plant zone, and the cultivation measure is in-situ deep scarification or little-tillage no-tillage or cross slope ridge change;
when the thickness of the soil layer of the steep slope is more than 20cm, the engineering measure is a horizontal terrace, and the cultivation measure is little-tillage no-tillage or cross slope ridge change; when the thickness of the soil layer of the steep slope is less than or equal to 20cm, the engineering measure is a slope type terrace, and the cultivation measure is in-situ deep scarification or less cultivation and no cultivation or cross slope ridge change.
According to the slope farmland water and soil conservation composite measure configuration method with the comprehensive gradient and soil layer difference, the method further comprises the following steps: ecological grass ditches and gabion check dam are arranged on the catchment lines on the periphery of the catchment slope.
According to the method for configuring the water and soil conservation composite measure of the slope farmland with the comprehensive gradient and different soil layers, the division of the water-collecting slope surface comprises the following steps:
acquiring digital terrain data of a slope farmland in a planning area;
and dividing the slope farmland in the planning area into a plurality of water collecting slopes according to the water distribution lines and the water convergence lines and by combining the distribution of rivers and ditches.
According to the method for configuring the water and soil conservation composite measure for the slope farmland with the comprehensive gradient and different soil layers, the method for determining the soil layer thickness of each slope section comprises the following steps:
collecting soil samples of each slope section;
air-drying the soil sample;
determining the soil type of each soil sample;
and measuring the thickness of the soil layer of each soil sample.
According to the slope farmland water-soil conservation composite measure configuration method integrating the difference of the slope and the soil layer, provided by the invention, the digital terrain data of the slope farmland in the planning area is acquired on site or directly collected through surveying equipment.
According to the slope farmland water and soil conservation compound measure configuration method integrating the difference of the slope grade and the soil layer, the slope grade of the slope section is measured by a theodolite or a gradienter.
The invention provides a slope farmland water and soil conservation composite measure configuration method with different comprehensive gradients and soil layers, which divides a water collecting slope surface into different slope sections by a method of dividing a measure configuration unit, dividing the slope sections based on the gradients, measuring the thickness of the soil layers of the slope sections and configuring the configuration measures of the different slope sections, comprehensively considers the fluctuation change of the slope shape and the difference of the thickness of the soil layers among the slope sections, selects proper water and soil conservation measures section by section and forms an organic whole so as to solve the problems of unreasonable and non-fine measure layout, high investment cost and poor comprehensive benefit caused by the reduction of land productivity existing in the conventional measure configuration method. The method breaks the boundary that the existing measure configuration uses the catchment slope surface as the minimum land unit, introduces the factor of the thickness of the surface soil, leads the principle of the water and soil conservation measure configuration according to local conditions and accurate configuration, refines the scale of the slope surface to the scale of the slope section in the past, and expands the comprehensive consideration of the terrain and the soil from the constraint of the pure terrain in the past, can improve the high-efficiency alignment configuration of the compound measure for water and soil conservation of the slope farmland in the northeast-north low hilly area, and maintains or improves the production capacity of the land as far as possible while effectively preventing and controlling the loss of the water and soil.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for configuring water and soil conservation composite measures for slope farmland with different comprehensive gradients and soil layers.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The method for configuring the water and soil conservation composite measure of the slope farmland with the comprehensive gradient and different soil layers in the invention is described by combining the figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
dividing the water collecting slope surfaces, and dividing the slope farmland of the planning area into a plurality of water collecting slope surfaces as measure configuration units according to the terrain change of the slope farmland of the planning area;
dividing slope sections, namely dividing the water collecting slope surface into a plurality of slope sections according to the gradient change difference of the water collecting slope surface;
measuring the thickness of the soil layer of each slope section;
determining the type of the configuration measure, determining the type of the configuration measure of each slope section according to the thickness of the soil layer of each slope section and the gradient of the slope section, and implementing the configuration measure.
According to the arrangement, by means of a method for defining measure configuration units, dividing slope sections based on slopes, measuring thicknesses of soil layers of the slope sections and configuring configuration measures of different slope sections, the water collection slope surface is divided into different slope sections, slope shape fluctuation and soil layer thickness difference among the slope sections are comprehensively considered, appropriate water and soil conservation measures are selected section by section, and an organic whole is formed, so that the problems that the measure layout is unreasonable and not fine, the investment cost is high, and the land productivity is reduced, so that the comprehensive benefit is poor in the existing measure configuration method are solved. The method breaks the boundary that the existing measure configuration takes the water collection slope as the minimum land standing unit, introduces the factor of the thickness of the surface soil, leads the principle of the water and soil conservation measure configuration based on local conditions and accurate configuration, refines the scale of the slope from the original scale, expands the past simple terrain constraint to the comprehensive consideration of the terrain and soil, can improve the efficient alignment configuration of the water and soil conservation composite measures of the slope cropland in the northeast-north low-mountain hilly area, maintains or improves the production capacity of the land as far as possible while effectively preventing and controlling the water and soil loss, and has important significance for improving the refinement level of the water and soil conservation project and promoting the black land protection.
In this embodiment, dividing the water collecting slope surface includes the steps of:
acquiring digital terrain data of a slope farmland in a planning area;
and dividing the slope farmland in the planning area into a plurality of water collecting slopes according to the distribution of the water diversion line and the water collection line combined with rivers and ditches.
It should be noted that the water collecting slope is a relatively closed and completed plot unit surrounded by the watershed and the water collecting line, and a basic unit for occurrence and development of soil erosion, especially hydraulic erosion, and is often the minimum plot for cultivation and operation in the northeast region.
Specifically, the digital terrain data of the slope farmland of the planned area can be acquired on site by using a surveying device, and the digital terrain or digital elevation map of the planned area can also be directly acquired.
The surveying equipment may be unmanned aerial vehicles (RTK versions) or total stations or three-dimensional laser scanners, or other surveying equipment.
And extracting the water distribution lines and the water catchment lines by means of a conventional geographic information system or topographic analysis software, and dividing the slope land in the planned area into a plurality of water collection slopes as measure configuration units by combining the distribution of rivers and ditches.
Here, according to the needs of the soil erosion prevention and control work and the factors such as data processing efficiency, the planning area generally takes a small watershed as an object, and the area of the planning area does not exceed 50km 2 The area of the water collecting slope surface can be 2-10hm 2 。
In this embodiment, the slope segment division includes the steps of:
measuring the slope gradient and the slope curvature of the water collecting slope at different positions;
and dividing each water collecting slope surface into a plurality of different slope sections from bottom to top or from top to bottom according to the slope and the curvature of the slope surface.
The specific slope of each slope segment is determined.
Specifically, in each water collecting slope surface, the slope and the slope curvature at different positions of the water collecting slope surface are measured, wherein the rough slope of the water collecting slope surface can be firstly visually measured, the rough slope curvature is calculated, the water collecting slope surface is preliminarily divided into different slope sections from top to bottom or from bottom to top by using a watershed, a catchment line and the position with the larger turning of the slope topography in the whole slope surface or the position with the largest slope curvature absolute value as a boundary, then the specific slope of each slope section is measured by using equipment such as a theodolite, a gradienter and the like or other modes, the continuous slope sections with the consistent or similar slopes are combined into one slope section, the slope grade is judged according to the average slope grade, and the minimum block unit for selecting and configuring the specific water and soil conservation measures is used. Therefore, the limit that the existing measure configuration takes the whole water collecting slope surface as the minimum site unit is broken, the measure configuration is carried out according to the slope section, the suitability of measure selection and the effectiveness of the whole configuration are improved, and the whole water and soil conservation function of a slope surface measure system can be improved.
Wherein, every collection water slope is divided into flat slope, gentle slope and abrupt slope, and the slope of flat slope is less than or equal to 3 degrees, and the slope of gentle slope is greater than 3 degrees and is less than 5 degrees, and the slope of abrupt slope is greater than 5 degrees.
It should be noted that the slope is an important factor for determining the erosion strength of the slope, and the greater the slope, the higher the erosion strength. Particularly in northeast regions, the relationship between the soil erosion intensity of the slope farmland and the slope is close, and the soil erosion intensity is increased by 1000t/km for every 1 degree increase of the slope 2 A or more, and the steeper the gradient, the larger the amplification. The slope of the water collecting slope in the low mountainous and hilly areas in the northeast has change along with the fluctuation of the slope from the top to the bottom, and causes soil erosion with different strength between different slope sections, and is correspondingly suitable for soil erosionThe same water and soil conservation measures. Therefore, in order to accurately configure the water and soil conservation measures for the slope surface, the appropriate water and soil conservation measures are selected according to the slope type slope change of different slope sections to form a composite measure system. According to the classification and classification standard of soil erosion (SL 190-2007) and the comprehensive prevention and control technical standard of water and soil loss in the black soil area (SL 446-2009), the slope type change characteristics of slope farmland in the low mountains and hills in the northeast are combined, and water and soil conservation measures suitable for different slopes are combined, so that each slope section can be divided into different grades based on the slopes.
In this embodiment, the flat slope configuration measure may be a farming measure, the gentle slope configuration measure may be a composite configuration of a biological measure and a farming measure, and the steep slope configuration measure may be a composite configuration of an engineering measure and a farming measure.
In this embodiment, measuring the soil layer thickness of each slope segment includes the steps of:
collecting soil samples of each slope section;
air-drying the soil sample;
determining the soil type of each soil sample;
and measuring the thickness of the soil layer of each soil sample.
Specifically, in all slope sections, at least 3 soil samples of each slope section are collected by adopting an S-shaped or quincunx or diagonal sampling method. Therefore, the collected soil sample is more uniform, and the accuracy of the soil layer thickness of each slope section is improved. The collected soil samples are sequentially placed into a container in a layered mode, after the soil samples are air-dried in order to eliminate the influence of soil humidity, the colors of the soil at different depths of each soil sample are compared based on 'Chinese standard soil color card', the soil type of each soil sample is determined, and namely the soil type contained in each soil sample is determined; then, the thickness of the soil layer of each soil sample, that is, the thickness of the surface soil of each soil sample is measured.
Here, the collected soil samples were placed in the container in layers at 10cm intervals in order to avoid the soil samples from being compacted to affect the subsequent measurements. The container may be an aluminium box.
It should be noted that, in the northeast region, the critical soil thickness for maintaining the normal growth of crops is generally 20cm, and the soil disturbance depth of many slope water and soil conservation measures is more than 20-30cm, so the present invention uses 20cm as the category criterion of the surface soil thickness, and here, the sampling depth of the soil sample is set to 30cm. When the thickness of the soil layer with higher productivity is less than 20cm, the soil is regarded as a thin-layer soil sample. And when the number of the thin-layer soil samples in a slope section accounts for 50% or more of the total number of the soil samples, the slope section is regarded as the soil layer thickness less than 20cm.
And in the defined water collecting slope, selecting proper water and soil conservation measures for each slope section according to the slope grade and the soil layer thickness category.
It should be noted that, if there are multiple optional measures for each slope segment, the selection and adjustment should be performed according to the principle that the arrangement measures for different slope segments in the same catchment slope are the same as much as possible, so as to improve the operability and reduce the implementation cost.
When the thickness of the soil layer is more than 20cm, selecting single or multiple measures with the best water and soil conservation function according to the grade; when the soil layer thickness is less than 20cm, the deep water and soil conservation needs to be eliminated, and the limitation of the soil layer thickness on the implementation of measures needs to be considered besides the grade according to the grade.
Specifically, when the slope section is a flat slope, only the cultivation measures are needed, and if the thickness of the soil layer is more than 20cm, the available cultivation measures are cross slope ridge changing or ridge direction field changing; if the thickness of the soil layer is less than 20cm, the in-situ deep scarification or the ridge changing of a cross slope can be selected. When the slope section is a gentle slope, a biological measure and a farming measure can be combined, if the thickness of a soil layer is more than 20cm, a ridge plant zone can be selected as the biological measure, and a few-tillage no-tillage, cross slope ridge change or ridge-oriented field can be selected as the farming measure; the thickness of the soil layer is less than 20cm, the field ridge plant zone is still selected as the biological measure, and the in-situ deep scarification, little tillage and no tillage or transverse slope ridge change can be selected as the farming measure. When the slope section is a steep slope, engineering measures and cultivation measures are preferably combined, if the thickness of a soil layer is more than 20cm, horizontal terraces can be selected as the engineering measures, and few-tillage no-tillage or cross slope ridge changing can be selected as the cultivation measures; the soil thickness is less than 20cm, the engineering measures should adopt slope type terrace (the field surface keeps the original slope type, only terrace ridges are built, and the disturbance on the slope soil is reduced), and the cultivation measures can adopt in-situ deep scarification, less tillage and no tillage or change from cross slope to ridge.
In the embodiment, in order to improve the runoff drainage and conduction capacity of the water collection slope surface, measures of different slope sections are integrated, and ecological grass ditches and gabion check dam are distributed on the water collection lines on the periphery of the water collection slope surface.
The invention is mainly suitable for water and soil loss treatment of slope cropland of compound slope type in low mountains and hills in the northeast, and provides a slope cropland water and soil conservation compound measure configuration method integrating slope and soil layer differentiation based on the water and soil loss occurrence rule and soil layer differentiation characteristics of the slope cropland, taking prevention and control of the soil loss of the slope cropland as a main target and considering farmland productivity maintenance. The water collecting slope is divided into different slope sections, and slope shape fluctuation change and soil layer thickness difference among the slope sections are comprehensively considered, and appropriate water and soil conservation measures are selected section by section to form an organic whole, so that the problems of incompact configuration, unreasonable layout, low comprehensive benefit and the like existing in the existing water collecting slope taking the whole water collecting slope as a unit and only considering slope configuration measures can be solved. Its advantage mainly lies in:
the method breaks the limit that the existing measure configuration takes the whole water collecting slope surface as the minimum land unit, and the configuration is carried out according to the slope section, thereby improving the suitability of measure selection and the effectiveness of the whole configuration, and improving the whole water and soil conservation function of the slope surface measure system.
The surface soil thickness factor is introduced, so that the problem that the farmland productivity is reduced due to the mixing of shallow surface soil and lower matrix caused by the implementation of water and soil conservation measures in a part of slope sections in the past is solved while the water and soil loss is effectively prevented and controlled, and the grain production is further favorably ensured.
The implementation steps are relatively simple, the implementation cost can be saved or the yield loss can be reduced compared with the existing method, and the method has good application and popularization prospects.
A typical slope land (E125 DEG 22'40 ' -125 ' 26'10 ', N42 DEG 58'05 ' -43 ' 01' 40) was selected from An Danzhen Xingmu village, dongli county, jilin, and practical application and demonstration of the method were performed. According to the implementation steps, through the measurement results of the terrain gradient and the soil layer thickness, the land occupation of the water collecting slope surface is determined to be 35 mu, and the land occupation can be divided into 3 sections of an ascending slope (A), a middle slope (B) and a descending slope (C) from the top of the slope to the foot of the slope. Wherein, the section A belongs to a steep slope with the average soil layer thickness of less than 20cm, the section B belongs to a gentle slope with the soil layer thickness of less than 20cm, and the section C belongs to a flat slope with the soil layer thickness of more than 20cm.
According to the slope farmland water and soil conservation composite measure configuration method with different comprehensive gradients and soil layers, finally, slope surface composite measure configuration modes such as a slope type terrace selected for the slope section A and a cross slope ridge-changed composite configuration, a ridge plant zone selected for the slope section B and a cross slope ridge-changed composite configuration, a little-tillage no-tillage selected for the slope section C and the like are provided. Meanwhile, in order to improve the slope runoff drainage and guide capacity, measures of different slope sections are integrated, and ecological grass ditches and gabion check dam are distributed on the peripheral water converging line of the water collecting slope unit.
Through observation and comparison, compared with the traditional treatment mode of singly laying horizontal terraces on the whole slope surface, the measures are configured, the occupied land width is reduced by 0.5-1m, the yield reduction of about 3 percent of crops in the current year can be avoided, and the soil erosion can be controlled below the allowable loss.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A slope farmland water and soil conservation composite measure configuration method integrating the difference of slopes and soil layers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dividing the water collecting slope surfaces, and dividing the slope farmland of the planning area into a plurality of water collecting slope surfaces according to the topographic change of the slope farmland of the low hill hilly compound slope type of the planning area;
measuring the slope curvature of the whole water collecting slope surface in each water collecting slope surface; firstly, the slope of the catchment slope is visually measured, the curvature of the slope is calculated, the catchment slope is preliminarily divided into different slope sections from top to bottom or from bottom to top by taking the watershed, the catchment line and the position with the largest absolute value of the curvature of the slope in the whole slope as boundaries, then a theodolite or a gradienter is used for measuring the specific slope of each slope section, continuous slope sections with consistent slopes are combined into one slope section, the slope grade is judged according to the average slope grade, and the slope section is used as a minimum block unit for selecting and configuring specific water and soil conservation measures;
each water collecting slope surface is divided into a flat slope, a gentle slope and a steep slope, the slope of the flat slope is less than or equal to 3 degrees, the slope of the gentle slope is greater than 3 degrees and less than 5 degrees, and the slope of the steep slope is greater than 5 degrees;
determining for each slope segmentBlack colourThe thickness of the soil layer;
determining the type of configuration measure, according to each slope segmentBlack colourDetermining the type of configuration measures of each slope section and implementing the configuration measures, wherein the configuration measures of the flat slope areThe method comprises the following steps of (1) farming measures, wherein the gentle slope configuration measure is a compound configuration of biological measures and farming measures, and the steep slope configuration measure is a compound configuration of engineering measures and farming measures;
of said flat slopeBlack colourWhen the thickness of the soil layer is more than 20cm, the cultivation measures are changing ridges from cross slopes or changing the field in ridge-direction areas; of said flat slopeBlack colourWhen the thickness of the soil layer is less than or equal to 20cm, the cultivation measure is in-situ deep scarification;
of said gentle slopeBlack colourWhen the thickness of the soil layer is more than 20cm, the biological measure is a ridge plant zone, and the cultivation measure is little cultivation and no cultivation or ridge change from a cross slope or ridge-oriented field; of said gentle slopeBlack colourWhen the thickness of the soil layer is less than or equal to 20cm, the biological measure is a ridge plant zone, and the cultivation measure is in-situ deep scarification or minimum tillage no-tillage;
of said steep slopeBlack colourWhen the thickness of the soil layer is more than 20cm, the engineering measure is a horizontal terrace, and the cultivation measure is little-tillage no-tillage or cross slope ridge change; of said steep slopeBlack colourWhen the thickness of the soil layer is less than or equal to 20cm, the engineering measure is a slope type terrace, and the cultivation measure is in-situ deep scarification or minimum tillage no-tillage.
2. The method for configuring water and soil conservation composite measures for slope farmland with comprehensive gradient and soil layer difference according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising: ecological grass ditches and gabion check dam are arranged on the catchment lines on the periphery of the catchment slope.
3. The method for configuring water and soil conservation composite measures for slope farmland with comprehensive gradient and soil layer differentiation according to claim 1, wherein the dividing of the catchment slope surface comprises:
acquiring digital terrain data of a slope farmland in a planning area;
and dividing the slope farmland in the planning area into a plurality of water collecting slopes according to the water distribution lines and the water convergence lines and by combining the distribution of rivers and ditches.
4. The method for configuring water and soil conservation composite measures for slope farmland with comprehensive gradient and soil layer differentiation according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the soil layer thickness of each slope section comprises the following steps:
collecting soil samples of each slope section;
air-drying the soil sample;
determining the soil type of each soil sample;
and measuring the thickness of the soil layer of each soil sample.
5. The method for configuring water and soil conservation composite measures for slope farmland with integrated gradient and soil layer differentiation according to claim 3, characterized in that digital terrain data of the slope farmland of the planned area is acquired on site or directly collected by a surveying device.
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