CN111188203B - 一种基于光致激活低温发泡的压延人造革制造方法 - Google Patents

一种基于光致激活低温发泡的压延人造革制造方法 Download PDF

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CN111188203B
CN111188203B CN202010114290.8A CN202010114290A CN111188203B CN 111188203 B CN111188203 B CN 111188203B CN 202010114290 A CN202010114290 A CN 202010114290A CN 111188203 B CN111188203 B CN 111188203B
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陈意
王松杭
孙莎莎
杨高夫
严孙贤
颜俊
范浩军
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Sichuan University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于光致激活低温发泡的压延人造革制造方法。该方法利用氨基脲磺酰肼、卡巴肼磺酰肼可被镁离子激活而降低分解温度的特性，在PVC发泡层浆料中加入开环螺吡喃与镁离子形成的配合物，避免镁离子与氨基脲磺酰肼、卡巴肼磺酰肼发泡剂接触，在PVC密炼、开炼和压延热加工过程中维持发泡剂的高分解温度，避免其提前发泡；在进入发泡炉后，再通过光刺激促使螺吡喃闭环，释放镁离子，激活发泡剂，显著降低其分解温度，在保证PVC压延革高发泡倍率的前提下，达到降低发泡能耗、延长导热油寿命、避免PVC高温分解的目的。

Description

一种基于光致激活低温发泡的压延人造革制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于光致激活低温发泡的压延人造革制造方法，属于塑料领域。
背景技术
压延法聚氯乙烯（PVC）人造革是在压延软质PVC薄膜的过程中引入基布，使薄膜和基布牢固地贴合在一起，再经过后加工（如压花、发泡等）制成的一种人造革。压延法是PVC人造革最重要的生产工艺之一，特别适用于制造箱包革、家具革和地板革，其优点是可以使用廉价的悬浮法PVC树脂，所用的基布比较广泛，加工能力大，生产速度快，产品质量好，生产连续。
在传统压延工艺中，偶氮二甲酰胺（AC）是使用最为广泛的发泡剂，其发泡温度高达220℃，造成工艺过程能耗高、导热油使用寿命短和 PVC 高温分解等一系列问题。为解决上述行业共性难题，技术人员常借用在其它行业中应用较为成熟的低温发泡剂。然而，这些低温发泡剂的分解温度一般在130-160℃范围内，只适用于人造革涂布工艺。在压延工艺中，由于PVC涂层在发泡前须密炼、开炼、压延（工艺温度为130-160℃），这些低温发泡剂会提前发泡，虽然可降低发泡能耗，但同时会导致成革发泡倍率低，难以满足市场需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的缺点和不足，提供一种基于光致激活低温发泡的压延人造革制造方法，其特征在于该方法的工艺步骤和条件如下，以下所用物料的份数均为重量份数：
（1）发泡层制备：
（1.1）将PVC树脂100份、碳酸钙10-30份、增塑剂60-100份、颜料2-10份、热稳定剂2-6份、发泡剂3-6份、光敏激活剂3-6份投入搅拌机中，避光混合均匀；
（1.2）将上述混合物于130-150℃密炼；
（1.3）将密炼产物于130-150℃避光开炼；
（1.4）在避光条件下，于140-160℃将开炼产物压延成薄膜，并与基布贴合；
（2）面层制备：
（2.1）将PVC树脂100份、增塑剂60-100份、热稳定剂2-6份投入搅拌机中混合均匀；
（2.2）将上述混合物于130-150℃密炼；
（2.3）将密炼产物于130-150℃开炼；
（2.4）在140-160℃将开炼产物压延成薄膜，并贴于与基布贴合后的发泡层上；
（3）发泡与压花：将上述半成品于160-180℃进行发泡压花处理，发泡烘箱中装有波长在400-500nm范围内的激发光源；
（4）表处：采用辊轮涂覆法，在压花后的半成品表面表处水性聚氨酯，上浆量15-40g/m2，烘干温度120-140℃，烘干时间60-120秒，再经常规揉纹、干燥、量尺后即得成品；
步骤（1.1）和（2.1）中所述PVC树脂为3型、5型树脂中的一种或多种；
步骤（1.1）和（2.1）中所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二癸酯、癸二酸二辛酯、环氧大豆油、环氧脂肪酸甲酯中的一种或多种；
步骤（1.1）和（2.1）中所述热稳定剂为三碱式硫酸铅、硬脂酸铅、硬脂酸钡、硬脂酸镉、硬脂酸钙中的一种或多种；
步骤（1.1）中所述发泡剂为氨基脲磺酰肼、卡巴肼磺酰肼中的一种或多种；
步骤（1.1）中所述光敏激活剂为开环螺吡喃与镁离子形成的1:1配合物。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下积极效果：本发明选用的发泡剂为氨基脲磺酰肼、卡巴肼磺酰肼中的一种或多种，这两类发泡剂的分解温度均在200℃以上，当受到镁离子的激发时，其活性显著提高，分解温度将降至160-180℃。为保证PVC在密炼、开炼和压延过程中发泡剂不提前发泡，本发明利用开环螺吡喃可与镁离子形成1:1配合物的特性，先将镁离子掩蔽，维持氨基脲磺酰肼、卡巴肼磺酰肼在PVC密炼、开炼和压延过程中分解温度不变（＞200℃）；在进入发泡炉后，由于发泡炉中装有波长在400-500nm范围内的激发光，螺吡喃受此影响会自动闭环，将镁离子释放出来，激活氨基脲磺酰肼、卡巴肼磺酰肼，使其能在160-180℃低温发泡，显著降低PVC压延革的工艺能耗。采用这种光致激活技术，很好地调和了发泡剂高温稳定与低温发泡间矛盾。PVC涂层的发泡倍率与AC相当（＞4.0），发泡温度降低可平均节省标煤3吨/万米（革），综合能耗降低35%。
附图说明
图1为本发明所涉及的光敏激活剂工作原理示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体的描述，只用于对本发明进行进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限定，该领域的技术工程师可根据上述发明的内容对本发明作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例1：
（1）发泡层制备：
（1.1）将5型PVC树脂100份、碳酸钙10份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯60份、颜料2份、三碱式硫酸铅2份、氨基脲磺酰肼3份、开环螺吡喃与镁离子形成的1:1配合物3份投入搅拌机中，避光混合均匀；
（1.2）将上述混合物于130℃密炼；
（1.3）将密炼产物于140℃避光开炼；
（1.4）采用四辊压延机，在避光条件下，于140℃将开炼产物压成薄膜，并与基布贴合；
（2）面层制备：
（2.1）将5型PVC树脂100份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯60份、三碱式硫酸铅2份投入搅拌机中混合均匀；
（2.2）将上述混合物于130℃密炼；
（2.3）将密炼产物于130℃开炼；
（2.4）采用四辊压延机，在140℃将开炼产物压成薄膜，并贴于与基布贴合后的发泡层上；
（3）发泡与压花：将上述半成品于160℃进行发泡压花处理，发泡烘箱中装有波长为450nm的激发光源；
（4）表处：采用辊轮涂覆法，在压花后的半成品表面表处水性聚氨酯，上浆量15g/m2，烘干温度120℃，烘干时间60秒，再经常规揉纹、干燥、量尺后即得成品；
实施例1所制备的PVC人造革，发泡层的发泡倍率为4.2，产品中不含偶氮类高风险物质，发泡温度从200-220℃降至160℃。
实施例2：
（1）发泡层制备：
（1.1）将3型PVC树脂100份、碳酸钙20份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯60份、癸二酸二辛酯20份、颜料5份、硬脂酸钡2份、硬脂酸镉2份、氨基脲磺酰肼3份、卡巴肼磺酰肼1份、开环螺吡喃与镁离子形成的1:1配合物4份投入搅拌机中，避光混合均匀；
（1.2）将上述混合物于140℃密炼；
（1.3）将密炼产物于130℃避光开炼；
（1.4）采用四辊压延机，在避光条件下，于150℃将开炼产物压成薄膜，并与基布贴合；
（2）面层制备：
（2.1）将5型PVC树脂100份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯80份、硬脂酸钡4份投入搅拌机中混合均匀；
（2.2）将上述混合物于130℃密炼；
（2.3）将密炼产物于150℃开炼；
（2.4）采用四辊压延机，在160℃将开炼产物压成薄膜，并贴于与基布贴合后的发泡层上；
（3）发泡与压花：将上述半成品于170℃进行发泡压花处理，发泡烘箱中装有波长450nm的激发光源；
（4）表处：采用辊轮涂覆法，在压花后的半成品表面表处水性聚氨酯，上浆量30g/m2，烘干温度130℃，烘干时间80秒，再经常规揉纹、干燥、量尺后即得成品；
实施例2所制备的PVC人造革，发泡层的发泡倍率为4.5，产品中不含偶氮类高风险物质，发泡温度从200-220℃降至170℃。
实施例3：
（1）发泡层制备：
（1.1）将3型PVC树脂100份、碳酸钙30份、环氧大豆油100份、颜料10份、硬脂酸镉3份、硬脂酸钙3份，卡巴肼磺酰肼6份、开环螺吡喃与镁离子形成的1:1配合物6份投入搅拌机中，避光混合均匀；
（1.2）将上述混合物于150℃密炼；
（1.3）将密炼产物于150℃避光开炼；
（1.4）采用四辊压延机，在避光条件下，于160℃将开炼产物压成薄膜，并与基布贴合；
（2）面层制备：
（2.1）将3型PVC树脂100份、环氧大豆油100份、硬脂酸镉3份、硬脂酸钙3份投入搅拌机中混合均匀；
（2.2）将上述混合物于150℃密炼；
（2.3）将密炼产物于150℃开炼；
（2.4）采用四辊压延机，在160℃将开炼产物压成薄膜，并贴于与基布贴合后的发泡层上；
（3）发泡与压花：将上述半成品于180℃进行发泡压花处理，发泡烘箱中装有波长为450nm的激发光源；
（4）表处：采用辊轮涂覆法，在压花后的半成品表面表处水性聚氨酯，上浆量40g/m2，烘干温度140℃，烘干时间120秒，再经常规揉纹、干燥、量尺后即得成品；
实施例3所制备的PVC人造革，发泡层的发泡倍率为4.8，产品中不含偶氮类高风险物质，发泡温度从200-220℃降至180℃。

Claims (1)

1.一种基于光致激活低温发泡的压延人造革制造方法，其特征在于该方法的工艺步骤和条件如下，以下所用物料的份数均为重量份数：
（1）发泡层制备：
（1.1）将PVC树脂100份、碳酸钙10-30份、增塑剂60-100份、颜料2-10份、热稳定剂2-6份、发泡剂3-6份、光敏激活剂3-6份投入搅拌机中，避光混合均匀；
（1.2）将上述混合物于130-150℃密炼；
（1.3）将密炼产物于130-150℃避光开炼；
（1.4）在避光条件下，于140-160℃将开炼产物压延成薄膜，并与基布贴合；
（2）面层制备：
（2.1）将PVC树脂100份、增塑剂60-100份、热稳定剂2-6份投入搅拌机中混合均匀；
（2.2）将上述混合物于130-150℃密炼；
（2.3）将密炼产物于130-150℃开炼；
（2.4）在140-160℃将开炼产物压延成薄膜，并贴于与基布贴合后的发泡层上；
（3）发泡与压花：将上述半成品于160-180℃进行发泡压花处理，发泡烘箱中装有波长在400-500nm范围内的激发光源；
（4）表处：采用辊轮涂覆法，在压花后的半成品表面表处水性聚氨酯，上浆量15-40g/m2，烘干温度120-140℃，烘干时间60-120秒，再经常规揉纹、干燥、量尺后即得成品；
步骤（1.1）和（2.1）中所述PVC树脂为3型、5型树脂中的一种或多种；
步骤（1.1）和（2.1）中所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二癸酯、癸二酸二辛酯、环氧大豆油、环氧脂肪酸甲酯中的一种或多种；
步骤（1.1）和（2.1）中所述热稳定剂为三碱式硫酸铅、硬脂酸铅、硬脂酸钡、硬脂酸镉、硬脂酸钙中的一种或多种；
步骤（1.1）中所述发泡剂为氨基脲磺酰肼、卡巴肼磺酰肼中的一种或多种；
步骤（1.1）中所述光敏激活剂为开环螺吡喃与镁离子形成的1:1配合物。
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