CN111187205B - 一种具有多刺激响应性荧光-多色发光材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种具有多刺激响应性荧光-多色发光材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机发光材料技术领域,具体涉及一种具有多刺激响应性荧光-多色发光材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
具有对环境变化(如溶剂、温度、金属离子、光、pH值等)敏感的多色发光转换的发光材料因其在传感器、光电器件、光动力治疗、生物成像、发光二极管(LED)等领域的潜在应用而受到广泛关注。通过调节材料的结晶度、物相和组成,可获得相应的多色发光。迄今为止,已报道了一系列多色发光材料,如量子点、二芳基乙烯(DAE)衍生物、四苯乙烯(TPE)衍生物等。尽管在开发多色发光材料方面取得了成功,但仍然存在一些限制,因为它们中的大多数只是显示双色发光之间的相互转换或简单的荧光/磷光转变。因此开发多色发光材料或实现荧光到多色磷光的相互转化仍是一个巨大的挑战,也就极大的限制了发光材料的应用进程。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于将具有多刺激响应行为的官能团相结合,提供了一种具有多刺激响应性荧光-多色发光材料及其制备方法,以及在溶剂、金属离子、阴离子、酸碱度传感器中的应用。
基于上述目的,本发明采取如下技术方案:
一种具有多刺激响应性荧光-多色发光材料,其结构式如式I所示:
通式I。
本发明还提供上述发光材料的制备方法,合成路线如下式所示:
其中X为 F、Cl或Br。
制备步骤为:
首先,将4-巯基吡啶、六卤代苯加入到DMF溶剂中,同时加入CeCO3(碳酸铈),在保护气氛围下60~75℃加热反应48-72小时,停止反应;待冷却至室温时加入水产生橙色沉淀,经过滤后柱层析提纯,得到目标化合物;六卤代苯、4-巯基吡啶和CeCO3的摩尔比为(1~2):(6~12):(6-15)。
具体地,将六卤代苯(1-2 mmol)、4-巯基吡啶(6-12 mmol)加入到DMF溶剂(20-50ml)中,同时加入CeCO3(6-15 mmol),在氮气氛围下于(60-75℃)反应48-72小时,停止反应;待冷却至室温时加入大量蒸馏水产生橙色沉淀,经过滤后柱层析提纯,得到六吡啶基取代的苯硫化合物。
本发明提供的上述六吡啶基取代的苯硫基发光材料,具体多色发光特性。即当化合物1在DMF溶液中变现为蓝色荧光,在甲醇加入时转变为绿光磷光;当酸加入后,转变为黄色磷光,黄色磷光在有碱加入时,恢复到蓝色荧光;是可逆的。当Ag+加入后,转变为橙色磷光,橙色磷光在有Cl-加入时,恢复到蓝色荧光。
根据上述多色发光特性,上述材料可以应用在酸碱检测以及离子检测方面。通过酸碱加入下以及离子加入下的荧光变化,实现相应的环境检测的目的。
上述发光材料还可以用于对特定金属离子(银离子)进行检测。在未加入金属离子时,溶液发蓝光,加入银离子时,发出强烈橙光。
本发明利用多芳基硫母核具有的聚集诱导发光的效应以及吡啶的多刺激响应性,利用聚集诱导发光的原理得到了多色发光材料以及离子检测材料。
本发明的材料可以在不同外界环境刺激下产生蓝光到绿光、黄光、橙光发光的转变,其中蓝光到黄光、蓝光到橙光具有可逆性。
本发明所述的发光材料合成较为简单,原料廉价易得,易于大规模的商业化。
附图说明
图1是实施例1化合物1的核磁共振氢谱;
图2是实施例1化合物1的核磁共振碳谱;
图3是实施例2中不同甲醇体积分数下的发射光谱;
图4是实施例3中酸碱加入前后的发射光谱;
图5是实施例4在不同金属离子加入下的发射光谱;
图6是实施例4在金属银离子以及氯离子加入前后的发射光谱;
图7是实施例1在不同刺激下的光学图片;
图8是实施例1在不同刺激下的荧光寿命;(a)为化合物1在DMF溶液中410nm处的蓝光寿命,(b)为加入甲醇后515nm处的绿光寿命;(c)为加入盐酸后540 nm处的黄色磷光寿命;(d)为加入硝酸银后570 nm处的橙色磷光寿命。
具体实施方式
下面通过一个优选实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述,其目的仅在于更好地理解本发明的内容。因此,所举之例并不限制本发明的保护范围。只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种改进,或未经改进直接应用于其他场合的,均在本发明的保护范围之内。
在实施例中,所用原料及试剂均为市售品。
实施例1
一种具有多刺激响应性荧光-多色发光材料,其结构式下式所示:
具体制备步骤如下:
将六氟苯(1 mmol, 0.186 g)、4-巯基吡啶(9 mmol, 1 g)加入到DMF溶剂(30 ml)中,同时加入CeCO3(10 mmol, 3.25 g),在氮气氛围下于70℃反应72小时,停止反应;待冷却至室温时加入大量蒸馏水产生橙色沉淀,经过滤后柱层析 (体积比,乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1:2 ) 提纯,得到六吡啶基取代的苯硫化合物,记为化合物1。化合物1的氢谱和碳谱如图1和图2所示: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO, 298 K): δ = 7.06 (m, 12H), 8.28 (m, 12H).13CNMR (100 MHz, DMSO, 298 K): δ = 124.21, 130.38, 141.62, 150.63.
实施例2(溶剂诱导聚集发光现象)
取实例1中所得化合物1的DMF溶液,化合物1在DMF中浓度为10-4 M,通过向其中加入不同体积的甲醇,使甲醇的体积分数(甲醇占DMF+甲醇的体积比)分别为0、20%、40%、60%、80%、90%,其中化合物1的浓度保持在10-5 M。分别取3 mL于比色皿中,以365 nm为激发波长,检测波长范围为390 nm ~ 700 nm间的发射光谱,得到最大发射波长为515 nm,此时发绿光。 通过收集不同体积分数来记录其发射光谱,所得发射光谱谱如图3中所示。由图3可知,化合物1在DMF中主要发射峰在410 nm,随着甲醇的加入,410 nm处吸收峰降低,在515 nm处出现新的吸收峰。随着甲醇体积分数的增加,515 nm处吸收峰逐渐增强。
实施例3(酸碱诱导发光转变)
取实例中1所得化合物1的DMF溶液,浓度10-5 M。通过向其中滴加HCl(12 M)调节溶液至酸性,此时pH为6。取3 mL于比色皿中,以365 nm为激发波长,检测波长范围为390 nm ~700 nm间的发射光谱,得到最大发射波长为540 nm,此时发黄光。继续向黄光溶液中滴加氢氧化钠调节至碱性,此时pH为8。取3 mL于比色皿中,以365 nm为激发波长,检测波长范围为390 nm ~ 600 nm间的发射光谱,得到最大发射波长为410 nm,此时发蓝光。所得发射光谱谱如图4中所示。
实施例4(离子检测)
取浓度为10-5 M实施例1中所得化合物1的DMF溶液5 mL于比色皿中,以365 nm为激发波长,检测波长范围为390 nm ~ 600 nm间的发射光谱,向其中加入不同的金属离子,每种金属离子(配制时采用各金属的硝酸盐)溶液的浓度为0.05 M,加入量为3 µL,并记录其发射光谱,所得发射光谱谱如5中所示。其中当加入金属离子为银离子时,发射强度变大,在570 nm处有强发射峰,此时发出橙光。向橙光溶液中加入氯离子,橙光溶液变为蓝光溶液,所得发射光谱谱如图6中所示。
实施例5 (荧光到多色磷光)
取浓度为10-4 M的实施例1中所得化合物1的DMF溶液1 mL于比色皿中,加入甲醇9mL;取浓度为10-5 M的实施例1中所得化合物1的DMF溶液10 mL于比色皿中,加入 12 M盐酸调节至pH为6;取浓度为10-5 M的实施例1中所得化合物1的DMF溶液10 mL于比色皿中,加入硝酸银0.5 µL(浓度为0.1 M)。通过上述方法得到四种发光颜色的溶液,如图7中所示。以365 nm为激发波长,收集不同发光颜色的荧光寿命图,得到不同荧光寿命。其中蓝色为荧光发射,绿色、黄色、橙色为磷光发射,如图8所示。由图8可知,其中410 nm处的蓝色荧光寿命为26.3 ns,515 nm处的绿色磷光寿命为67.4 µs,540 nm处的黄色磷光寿命为103.6 µs,570 nm处的橙色磷光寿命为236.8 µs。
Claims (7)
3.根据权利要求2所述具有多刺激响应性荧光-多色发光材料的制备方法,其特征在于,六卤代苯、4-巯基吡啶和CeCO3的摩尔比为(1~2):(6~12):(6-15)。
4.根据权利要求1所述具有多刺激响应性荧光-多色发光材料在溶剂、金属离子、阴离子、酸碱度传感器中的应用,其特征在于,所述溶剂为DMF或DMF和甲醇的混合溶剂,所述金属离子为银离子,所述阴离子为氯离子。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,在DMF溶剂中表现出蓝色荧光,加入甲醇后,表现出绿色磷光。
6.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,在酸碱刺激下呈可逆响应行为,表现出黄色磷光与蓝色荧光的转变。
7.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,在银离子与氯离子刺激下呈可逆响应行为,表现出橙色磷光与蓝色荧光的转变。
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