CN111171268B - 一种耐热聚氨酯软质泡沫及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐热聚氨酯软质泡沫及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111171268B
CN111171268B CN202010091725.1A CN202010091725A CN111171268B CN 111171268 B CN111171268 B CN 111171268B CN 202010091725 A CN202010091725 A CN 202010091725A CN 111171268 B CN111171268 B CN 111171268B
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张莉
赵修文
李博
张利国
张涛
赵卫鸣
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐热聚氨酯软质泡沫及其制备方法，聚醚多元醇1、聚醚多元醇2、聚醚多元醇3质量之和为聚醚多元醇总量，基于聚醚多元醇总量，各组分含量为：A组分：i)聚醚多元醇1：以丙三醇为起始剂，环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷共聚三官能度聚醚多元醇，羟值为32‑36mg KOH/g；60％‑85％；ii)聚醚多元醇2：以三羟乙基异氰尿酸酯为起始剂，环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷共聚三官能度聚醚多元醇，羟值为250‑300mg KOH/g；8％‑25％；iii)聚醚多元醇3：以山梨醇为起始剂，环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷聚合的聚醚多元醇，羟值为480‑520mg KOH/g；5％‑15％；iv)交联剂：分子量小于1000的醇类或醇胺类交联剂；3％‑15％；v)水0.2％‑8％；vi)催化剂0.5％‑3.5％；vii)助剂0.05％‑2％；B组分：异氰酸酯。

Description

一种耐热聚氨酯软质泡沫及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯领域，特别涉及耐热聚氨酯泡沫的制备。
背景技术
聚氨酯泡沫塑料因具有良好的吸音、减震作用而被广泛应用于汽车零部件的生产制造。在一些特殊工作环境中，如汽车发动机舱内，由于发动机工作放出大量的热，所以要求应用于这种环境条件下的聚氨酯材料具有较好的耐热性能，一般需要耐受140-160℃。然而，由于其结构中的缩二脲结构与脲基甲酸酯结构耐热性较差，导致其应用受到限制。
专利CN1140584公开了一种耐高温泡沫，通过辊式涂布、刮刀涂布或喷涂的方法在聚氨酯泡沫上涂有机硅树脂，改善泡沫耐高温性。然而，有机硅树脂价格较贵，且该制作工艺复杂，提高了材料成本。
专利CN107163216A公开了一种耐高温聚氨酯泡沫组合物，制得的泡沫在150℃下处理400小时物理机械性能变化率不超过10％，该组合物含有白炭黑5-20份，白炭黑具有增稠效果，添加到配方中会导致组合物的黏度增大，不便于生产操作。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种耐热聚氨酯软质泡沫。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种制备该耐热聚氨酯软质泡沫的方法。
基于现有技术聚氨酯泡沫耐热性能差的问题，提供一种耐热聚氨酯软质泡沫，聚醚多元醇1、聚醚多元醇2、聚醚多元醇3质量之和为聚醚多元醇总量，基于聚醚多元醇总量，各组分含量为：
A组分：i)聚醚多元醇1：以丙三醇为起始剂，环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷共聚三官能度聚醚多元醇，羟值为32-36mg KOH/g；60％-85％；
ii)聚醚多元醇2：以三羟乙基异氰尿酸酯为起始剂，环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷共聚三官能度聚醚多元醇，羟值为250-300mg KOH/g；8％-25％；
iii)聚醚多元醇3：以山梨醇为起始剂，环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷聚合的聚醚多元醇，羟值为480-520mg KOH/g；5％-15％；
iv)交联剂：分子量小于1000的醇类或醇胺类交联剂；3％-15％；
v)水 0.2％-8％；
vi)催化剂 0.5％-3.5％；
vii)助剂 0.05％-2％；
B组分：异氰酸酯
所述交联剂包括二元醇、多元醇、醇胺类，如乙二醇、丁二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺等。
所述催化剂为该领域公知的叔胺类及有机金属类催化剂等。叔胺类催化剂如：N，N-二甲基环己胺，双(2-二甲基氨基乙基)醚、三亚乙基二胺、N，N，N′，N′-四甲基亚烷基二胺、N，N，N′，N″，N″-五甲基二亚丙基三胺、三乙基胺、三丙基胺、三丁基胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉或二甲基苄基胺或二甲基乙醇胺等；有机金属类催化剂如辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡或异辛酸锌或萘酸锌等有机金属化合物等。
所述助剂包括碳纳米管、稀土氧化物、石墨烯等。
所述异氰酸酯如甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)或多亚苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)等，及这些异氰酸酯的多聚体、氨酯改性体、脲改性体、碳二亚胺改性体或脲酮亚胺改性体等及其混合物。
为解决第二个技术问题，本发明提供一种制备该耐热聚氨酯软质泡沫的方法，包括以下步骤：
将聚醚多元醇1、聚醚多元醇2、聚醚多元醇3、交联剂、发泡剂、催化剂、助剂充分混合制成A组分，异氰酸酯为B组分。将A、B组分的温度控制在25±3℃，电动搅拌快速混合均匀，浇入到温度为50-60℃钢制模具中，3-5min后脱模，制成泡沫。
本发明制备的泡沫适合应用于汽车发动机舱内等高温环境，泡沫在150℃的温度下数十天仍保持较好的拉伸强度。
具体实施方式
结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
按照以下方法制备泡沫：按表1中配方的比例将聚醚多元醇1、聚醚多元醇2、聚醚多元醇3、交联剂、发泡剂、催化剂、助剂充分混合制成A组分，B组分为异氰酸酯。将A、B组分的温度控制在25±3℃，电动搅拌快速混合均匀，浇入到温度为50-60℃钢制模具中，3-5min后脱模，制得的泡沫密度范围为150±20kg/m3。分别测试泡沫长期耐热老化性，即在150℃的温度下放置600小时后测拉伸强度，以及短期耐高温性，即泡沫在180℃的温度下放置6小时后观察泡沫的外观变化。
表1 各对比例及实施例的配方成分及所得泡沫性能
Figure BSA0000201643370000031

Claims (6)

1.一种耐热聚氨酯软质泡沫，聚醚多元醇1、聚醚多元醇2、聚醚多元醇3质量之和为聚醚多元醇总量，基于聚醚多元醇总量，各组分含量为：
A组分：i)聚醚多元醇1：以丙三醇为起始剂，环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷共聚三官能度聚醚多元醇，羟值为32-36mg KOH/g；60％-85％；
ii)聚醚多元醇2：以三羟乙基异氰尿酸酯为起始剂，环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷共聚三官能度聚醚多元醇，羟值为250-300mg KOH/g；8％-25％；
iii)聚醚多元醇3：以山梨醇为起始剂，环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷聚合的聚醚多元醇，羟值为480-520mg KOH/g；5％-15％；
iv)交联剂：分子量小于1000的醇类或醇胺类交联剂；3％-15％；
v)水0.2％-8％；
vi)催化剂0.5％-3.5％；
vii)助剂0.05％-2％；
B组分：异氰酸酯；
醇类交联剂是多元醇，醇胺类交联剂是二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺；
所述助剂是指碳纳米管、稀土氧化物或石墨烯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐热聚氨酯软质泡沫，所述交联剂是指乙二醇、丁二醇、甘油或三羟甲基丙烷。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐热聚氨酯软质泡沫，所述催化剂是指叔胺或有机金属催化剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的耐热聚氨酯软质泡沫，所述叔胺催化剂是指：N，N-二甲基环己胺，双(2-二甲基氨基乙基)醚、三亚乙基二胺、N，N，N′，N′-四甲基亚烷基二胺、N，N，N′，N″，N″-五甲基二亚丙基三胺、三乙基胺、三丙基胺、三丁基胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉或二甲基苄基胺或二甲基乙醇胺；有机金属催化剂是指辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡或异辛酸锌或萘酸锌。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐热聚氨酯软质泡沫，所述异氰酸酯是指甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)或多亚苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)及其多聚体、氨酯改性体、脲改性体、碳二亚胺改性体或脲酮亚胺改性体及其混合物。
6.一种制备权利要求1～5之一所述的耐热聚氨酯软质泡沫的方法，包括以下步骤：
将聚醚多元醇1、聚醚多元醇2、聚醚多元醇3、交联剂、发泡剂、催化剂、助剂充分混合制成A组分，异氰酸酯为B组分；将A、B组分的温度控制在25±3℃，电动搅拌快速混合均匀，浇入到温度为50-60℃钢制模具中，3-5min后脱模，制成泡沫。
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