CN111170786A - Granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111170786A CN111170786A CN202010017512.4A CN202010017512A CN111170786A CN 111170786 A CN111170786 A CN 111170786A CN 202010017512 A CN202010017512 A CN 202010017512A CN 111170786 A CN111170786 A CN 111170786A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth, which is obtained by granulating organic fertilizer raw materials and a binder, wherein the amount of the binder is 10-20% of the mass of the organic fertilizer raw materials; the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 60-100 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 15-30 parts of crop waste and 0.1-0.5 part of fermentation inoculum; the adhesive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40-80 parts of pyroligneous liquor, 100-150 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 4-5 parts of high molecular polymer, 40-80 parts of amino acid and 250-350 parts of water. The adhesive used in the invention has full water solubility, and organic fertilizer particles after being added with the adhesive for granulation and drying can be disintegrated in 30-60 minutes after meeting water, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the organic fertilizer is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The organic fertilizer is mainly derived from plants and/or animals, and is applied to soil to provide nutrient substances required by plant growth. The organic fertilizer is prepared by aerobically fermenting animal and plant wastes and plant residues at high temperature under the action of microorganisms, eliminates toxic and harmful substances in the organic fertilizer through decomposition of the microorganisms at high temperature, and is rich in a large number of beneficial substances, including various organic acids, peptides, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other rich nutrient elements. The organic fertilizer not only can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also has long fertilizer efficiency, can increase and update soil organic matters, promote microbial propagation and improve the physicochemical property and the biological activity of soil, is a main nutrient for green food production, and the fermented powdery organic fertilizer has large volume, high labor cost for application, inconvenient mechanical application and limitation on the application of the organic fertilizer.
Most of the existing granular organic fertilizers are prepared by extruding materials, the method is simple, but the mechanical loss is large, the cost is high, and the granular organic fertilizers of partial disk granulation are added with a certain amount of solid adhesive (such as bentonite) in the granulation process, so that the main defect is that the organic fertilizers are not easy to disintegrate and the fertilizer efficiency is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth, which can be mechanically applied along with chemical fertilizers to reduce labor application cost, and a preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth, which is obtained by granulating organic fertilizer raw materials and an adhesive, wherein the amount of the adhesive is 10-20% of the mass of the organic fertilizer raw materials; the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 60-100 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 15-30 parts of crop waste and 0.1-0.5 part of fermentation inoculum; the adhesive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40-80 parts of pyroligneous, 100-150 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 4-5 parts of high molecular polymer with molecular weight of 3000-6000, 40-80 parts of amino acid and 250-350 parts of water.
Furthermore, the crop waste is any one of rice bran, straw powder, saw dust, mushroom residue and the like.
Further, the fermentation inoculum is prepared from saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and aspergillus oryzae.
Further, the high molecular polymer is any one of polymers such as polylactic acid, poly gamma glutamic acid, polycaprolactone and the like.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth, which comprises the following steps:
s1, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum into the livestock and poultry manure and the crop waste, and carrying out aerobic fermentation at the temperature of 55-65 ℃ to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material;
s2, putting the organic fertilizer raw materials into a granulator, spraying a binder, granulating, and then drying to obtain a finished product of the granular organic fertilizer.
Further, in the step S1, the fermentation time is 7-10 days, and the water content of the organic fertilizer raw material is 20% -40%.
The sodium lignosulfonate is a byproduct of paper pulp production, is a polymer of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzene generally, has a pH value of about 11, has good oxidation resistance, antibacterial property and stability, and has promotion effects on wheat seed germination and seedling growth by sodium lignosulfonate with different concentrations.
The wood vinegar is a natural plant material obtained by biochemical high and new technology extraction, the main components of the wood vinegar are organic components such as organic acid, phenols, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, esters and the like, and the wood vinegar has strong functions of sterilization, antibiosis, disinfection and pest avoidance. A small amount of wood vinegar can promote the propagation of microorganisms in the organic fertilizer and kill pests such as root nodule nematodes, the pH value of wood vinegar stock solution is about 3, the seed soaking of the wood vinegar can improve the germination rate and the germination potential of seeds, 150 times of wood vinegar is applied to treat the northern root nematode for 72 hours, the mortality rate of the nematodes is over 76 percent, and 1 percent of wood vinegar is added into the organic fertilizer to promote the number of bacteria in the organic fertilizer.
The high molecular polymer can increase the viscosity of the adhesive, has water retention and hydrophilicity, has good promotion effect on the growth of crop roots and roots, is a biodegradable material, can be synthesized by using waste, and can increase the yield of the Chinese cabbage by 12-14 percent by irrigating the roots of the Chinese cabbage for 3 times with 30 percent polylactic acid according to experiments.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: the adhesive used in the invention has full water solubility, and organic fertilizer particles after being added with the adhesive for granulation and drying can be disintegrated in 30-60 minutes after meeting water, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the organic fertilizer is not influenced; the invention solves the problems of slow fertilizer efficiency release and incapability of immediate dispersion caused by adding a solid binder in organic fertilizer granulation; the granular organic fertilizer provided by the invention can stimulate the growth of crops and has disease resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a preparation method of a granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth, which is obtained by granulating an organic fertilizer raw material and a binder, wherein the using amount of the binder is 10-20% of the mass of the organic fertilizer raw material to be granulated; the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 60-100 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 15-30 parts of crop waste and 0.1-0.5 part of fermentation inoculum; the adhesive comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40-80 parts of pyroligneous, 100-150 parts of sodium lignosulphonate, 4-5 parts of high molecular polymer with molecular weight of 3000-6000, 40-80 parts of amino acid and 250-350 parts of water; the crop waste material is selected from any one of rice bran, straw powder, sawdust and mushroom residue; the high molecular polymer is selected from one of polylactic acid, poly-gamma-glutamic acid and polycaprolactone.
The fermentation inoculum is prepared from yeast, bacillus subtilis and aspergillus oryzae according to a certain proportion, for example, the mass ratio of the yeast, the bacillus subtilis and the aspergillus oryzae can be 1:0.5:1, 1:1:1, 1:2:1 or 1:2:2, which is not limited in this embodiment.
The crop waste and the livestock and poultry manure form a fermentation material with the water content of 50-60% and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of about 30.
The adhesive has the functions of preventing diseases and promoting the growth of crops, and the pH value of the adhesive is about 7.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention also provides a preparation method of the granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, adding 0.1-0.5 part of fermentation inoculum into 60-100 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 15-30 parts of crop waste by mass, carrying out aerobic fermentation at the temperature of 55-65 ℃, milling disc type turning and oxygen introducing every day, fermenting for 7-10 days, and carrying out after-ripening stacking for 15-20 days to obtain the organic fertilizer raw material with the water content of about 20-40%.
And step S2, putting the obtained organic fertilizer raw materials into a disc granulator, spraying a bonding agent into the organic fertilizer raw materials by using a spray gun, and then granulating, drying, screening and packaging to obtain a finished product of the granular organic fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the bonding agent is 10-20% of the mass of the organic fertilizer raw materials put into the disc granulator.
The granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention are explained in detail in the following by combining examples and comparative examples.
Example 1:
preparing an adhesive: 600g of sodium lignosulfonate, 250g of pyroligneous liquor, 24g of polycaprolactone and 225g of amino acid are weighed and fully dissolved in 1300mL of water to obtain the adhesive, wherein 5g of the adhesive is one part.
Weighing 500g of zymophyte agent, adding the zymophyte agent into a mixture of 130kg of livestock and poultry manure and 40kg of rice bran, carrying out aerobic high-temperature fermentation, raising the temperature to 55-65 ℃, turning over and introducing oxygen every day, fermenting for 7 days, and carrying out after-ripening stacking for 15 days to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material; putting 2kg of the obtained organic fertilizer raw materials into a small disc granulator, setting the rotating speed to be 40 rpm, uniformly spraying 200g of adhesive into the organic fertilizer raw materials by using a spray gun, then granulating for 5 minutes, drying at 80 ℃, and screening to obtain a finished granular organic fertilizer product with the water content of 10% and the particle size of 1-4 mm, wherein the primary granulation rate is 70%.
In the process of preparing the organic fertilizer raw materials, one part is used for every 2 kg.
Potted medium rice test: no fertilizer was applied to the control group; tests a group of applied fertilizers were chemical fertilizers (urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride); the two groups of fertilizers are tested to be chemical fertilizers and common organic fertilizers to replace 20 percent of chemical nitrogen fertilizers; the three groups of fertilizers tested were chemical fertilizers plus the finished granular organic fertilizer prepared in example 1 to replace 20% of chemical nitrogen fertilizers. The test result shows that: the yield of the three groups of the organic fertilizer is increased by 4.5 percent compared with the two groups of the organic fertilizer, and the yield of the three groups of the organic fertilizer is increased by 6 percent compared with the one group of the organic fertilizer, which shows that the finished product of the granular organic fertilizer prepared in the example 1 has the function of increasing the crop yield.
Example 2:
preparing an adhesive: 650g of sodium lignosulfonate, 300g of wood vinegar, 25g of polylactic acid and 250g of amino acid are weighed and fully dissolved in 1500mL of water to obtain the adhesive, wherein 5g of the adhesive is one part.
Weighing 600g of zymophyte agent, adding into 140kg of chicken manure and 50kg of rice bran, uniformly mixing, carrying out aerobic fermentation, turning over and introducing oxygen every day when the temperature of the materials rises to 55-60 ℃, fermenting for 10 days, and carrying out after-ripening and stacking for 30 days to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material; putting 2kg of the obtained organic fertilizer raw materials into a small disc granulator, setting the rotating speed to be 40 rpm, uniformly spraying 300g of adhesive into the organic fertilizer raw materials by using a spray gun, then granulating for 5 minutes, drying at 80 ℃, and screening to obtain a finished granular organic fertilizer product with the water content of 10% and the particle size of 1-4 mm, wherein the primary granulation rate is 62%.
In the process of preparing the organic fertilizer raw materials, one part is used for every 2 kg.
Example 3:
preparing an adhesive: 700g of sodium lignosulfonate, 350g of wood vinegar, 20g of poly-gamma-glutamic acid and 225g of amino acid are weighed and fully dissolved in 1600mL of water to obtain the adhesive, wherein 5g of the adhesive is one part.
Weighing 300g of zymophyte agent, adding into 160kg of livestock and poultry manure and 56kg of rice bran, turning over and introducing oxygen every day when the fermentation temperature is 55-65 ℃, fermenting for 10 days, and after-ripening and stacking for 20 days to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material; putting 2kg of the obtained organic fertilizer raw materials into a small disc granulator, setting the rotating speed to be 40 rpm, uniformly spraying 210g of adhesive into the organic fertilizer raw materials by using a spray gun, then granulating for 5 minutes, drying at 80 ℃, and screening to obtain a finished granular organic fertilizer product with the water content of 10% and the particle size of 1-4 mm, wherein the primary granulation rate is 75%.
In the process of preparing the organic fertilizer raw materials, one part is used for every 2 kg.
The finished granular organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 can be disintegrated within 30 to 60 minutes after meeting water.
The germination tests of the granular organic fertilizer finished products prepared in the examples 1 to 3 show that the germination indexes of the seeds are all more than 80%.
The finished products of the granular organic fertilizers prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 are subjected to a culture medium flat plate antagonism test and the detection of the types and the amounts of microorganisms in the fertilizers, and the results show that the number of trichoderma in the finished products of the granular organic fertilizers is 4 more than that of common organic fertilizers on average, the number of bacteria in the finished products of the granular organic fertilizers is 20 more than that of the common organic fertilizers, and meanwhile, the finished products of the granular organic fertilizers are subjected to a gray mold, late blight and blight flat plate antagonism test, and the results show that the bacteriostasis rates of the finished products of the granular organic fertilizers to gray mold, late blight and blight are 47.45%, 55.73% and 61.19% respectively, and the bacteriostasis rate is improved by 1 to 7%. It is shown that the granular organic fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 3 have a certain antagonistic effect on diseases.
The invention utilizes organic waste and high molecular adhesive, all raw materials are all water-soluble, the granulated organic fertilizer can be quickly disintegrated after meeting water, the fertilizer efficiency of the organic fertilizer is not influenced, meanwhile, the adhesive component has the functions of disease resistance and promoting the growth of crop roots, and simultaneously, the waste can be recycled.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth is characterized by being obtained by granulating organic fertilizer raw materials and a binder, wherein the amount of the binder is 10-20% of the mass of the organic fertilizer raw materials; the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 60-100 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 15-30 parts of crop waste and 0.1-0.5 part of fermentation inoculum; the adhesive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40-80 parts of pyroligneous liquor, 100-150 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 4-5 parts of high molecular polymer, 40-80 parts of amino acid and 250-350 parts of water.
2. The granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crop waste is selected from any one of rice bran, straw powder, saw dust and mushroom residue.
3. The granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation inoculum is prepared from yeast, bacillus subtilis and aspergillus oryzae.
4. The granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth according to claim 1, wherein the high molecular polymer is any one of polylactic acid, poly-gamma-glutamic acid and polycaprolactone.
5. The method for preparing granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
s1, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum into the livestock and poultry manure and the crop waste, and carrying out aerobic fermentation at the temperature of 55-65 ℃ to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material;
s2, putting the organic fertilizer raw materials into a granulator, spraying a binder, granulating, and then drying to obtain a finished product of the granular organic fertilizer.
6. The method for preparing granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth according to claim 5, wherein in step S1, the fermentation time is 7-10 days, and the water content of the organic fertilizer raw material is 20% -40%.
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| CN202010017512.4A CN111170786A (en) | 2020-01-08 | 2020-01-08 | Granular organic fertilizer capable of resisting diseases and promoting crop growth and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112939674A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-11 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Special fertilizer for cash crops and preparation method thereof |
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2020
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103588581A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-02-19 | 贵州迈丰生物科技有限责任公司 | Production process of novel cattle-dung-sourced multifunctional and efficient bioorganic fertilizer |
| CN104628482A (en) * | 2015-02-07 | 2015-05-20 | 东北农业大学 | Lignin-bound biochar coated urea and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112939674A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-11 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Special fertilizer for cash crops and preparation method thereof |
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