CN111151829A - Electrolytic deburring device and method for deep and long crossed holes - Google Patents
Electrolytic deburring device and method for deep and long crossed holes Download PDFInfo
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- CN111151829A CN111151829A CN202010064027.2A CN202010064027A CN111151829A CN 111151829 A CN111151829 A CN 111151829A CN 202010064027 A CN202010064027 A CN 202010064027A CN 111151829 A CN111151829 A CN 111151829A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/02—Trimming or deburring
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolytic machining, and relates to a deep and long cross hole electrolytic deburring device which comprises a cathode piece connected with a power supply cathode, wherein the cathode piece comprises a cathode rod, an electrolyte channel communicated with an electrolyte tank is arranged inside the cathode rod, a plurality of working ends matched with the space structure of a deep and long cross hole of a workpiece are arranged outside the cathode rod, a plurality of electrolyte outlets communicated with the electrolyte channel are arranged above each working end, the upper end and the lower end of the cathode rod are respectively connected with a positioning end and a guide end, the cathode rod is a hollow cylindrical cathode rod, the cathode rod is made of 304 stainless steel, an insulating layer is coated on the outer side of the cathode rod, and the positioning end is of a regular hexagon structure. The invention has good removing effect on burrs at the edges of the deep and long cross holes, can simultaneously remove the burrs at the positions of the plurality of cross holes by single processing, has the advantages of high processing quality, high processing efficiency, long service life of the cathode piece, simple operation and the like, and is suitable for large-batch part processing work.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolytic machining, and particularly relates to a deep and long cross hole electrolytic deburring device and method.
Background
Burrs are undesirable residues formed in the machining process, and are commonly generated in the machining field such as aerospace, automobile and other industries. The most common method is manual mechanical deburring, but for poorly accessible, internal cross-hole burrs, it is difficult to achieve removal with typical mechanical methods.
The electrolytic deburring is realized by utilizing electric energy and chemical energy to carry out anode dissolution, has no mechanical acting force on processed parts, and is particularly suitable for removing burrs of hard and tough metal materials and complex inner cavity parts with poor accessibility. In the electrolytic deburring processing, the design of a cathode is a core element influencing the electrolytic deburring, and the structure, the shape and the precision of the cathode directly influence the processing precision and the processing quality of parts.
The prior art electrolytic deburring often has the following problems:
firstly, because the sizes and the directions of burrs at the edge of a deep and long cross hole are different, electrolytic deburring is directly carried out, and the cathode and the anode are in direct contact due to larger burrs, so that the phenomenon of short circuit burn is caused;
secondly, a non-processing area is processed in the processing process, and the workpiece is damaged;
thirdly, the problems of non-uniform flow field, poor processing quality, over-processing or non-processing of the workpiece and the like can be caused due to unreasonable processing clearance;
and fourthly, only a single area can be processed at a time, and time is consumed when a plurality of crossed holes need to be processed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, and provides a deep and long cross hole electrolytic deburring device and method capable of simultaneously machining a plurality of cross holes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a dark long cross hole electrolysis burring device, includes the negative pole spare of being connected with the power negative pole, negative pole spare includes the negative pole, the inside electrolyte passageway that communicates with the electrolyte groove that is equipped with of negative pole, the negative pole outside is equipped with a plurality of work ends that suit with the spatial structure in work piece dark long cross hole, and the top of every work end is equipped with a plurality of electrolyte exports that are linked together with the electrolyte passageway, both ends still are connected with location end and direction end respectively about the negative pole.
Preferably, the cathode rod is a hollow cylindrical cathode rod, the cathode rod is made of 304 stainless steel, and the outer side of the cathode rod is coated with an insulating layer.
Preferably, the positioning end is of a regular hexagon structure, one end, far away from the cathode rod, of the positioning end is connected with the clamping end, and the clamping end is clamped on a main shaft connected with a power supply cathode through a cutter handle.
Preferably, the guide end is detachably connected with the cathode rod, the guide end is made of epoxy resin, and the diameter of the guide end is larger than that of the circumference of the outer sides of the working ends.
Preferably, the cathode rod is evenly distributed with three pairs of working ends from top to bottom, and each pair of working ends is two working ends which are arranged in bilateral symmetry.
Preferably, six electrolyte outlets are arranged above each pair of working ends and are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the cathode rod.
Preferably, the electrolyte tank is connected with the electrolyte channel through an electrolyte pump, a filter is arranged between the electrolyte pump and the electrolyte tank, and the electrolyte pump is further connected with a regulating valve and an overflow valve.
Preferably, the electrolyte tank is also connected with a heater and a temperature controller.
A deep-long cross hole electrolytic deburring method comprises the following steps:
(a) fixing a workpiece on a workbench, connecting the workpiece with the anode of a power supply, calibrating the position and determining the processing coordinate of the workpiece;
(b) the cathode piece is connected with the cathode of the power supply, and the spatial position of the working end on the cathode rod is determined by utilizing the coordinates of the hexagonal positioning end and the workpiece;
(c) the bottom surface of the guide end is used as a positioning reference surface in the vertical direction, the depth height of the cathode rod during processing is determined according to the shape of a workpiece, and the accuracy of a processing position is guaranteed;
(d) before electrolytic machining, a temperature controller is required to be regulated to control a heater to regulate the electrolyte in an electrolyte tank to a required temperature and then keep the temperature constant;
(e) starting an electrolyte pump, filtering electrolyte by a filter, adjusting the pressure to be 0.1-0.6 MPa by using an adjusting valve, then feeding the electrolyte into an electrolyte channel, and then spraying the electrolyte into a machining gap from an electrolyte outlet, wherein the machining gap is 0.3-0.6 mm;
(f) and (3) switching on a power supply, adjusting the working voltage to 10-20V, and performing electrochemical anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction reaction for 30-200 s to finish electrolytic deburring processing.
Preferably, the electrolyte in the step (d) is NaNO3 solution, the concentration range of the electrolyte is 10-25%, and the temperature range of the electrolyte is 30-35 ℃.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the electrolytic deburring device and method for the deep and long crossed holes, provided by the invention, have the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, through the design that the space structures of the working end and the cross hole are consistent, the accuracy of a processing position can be ensured, and stray corrosion is avoided; through the design of a plurality of working ends, a plurality of areas can be processed simultaneously, and the working efficiency is improved; by the design of coating the insulating layer on the outer side of the cathode rod, stray corrosion of a non-processing area can be effectively prevented, and damage to a workpiece is avoided; through the design of the electrolyte outlet, the uniform distribution of a flow field can be ensured, the phenomenon of cavities is avoided, and the problem of short circuit burn can be effectively avoided; through the design of the guide end, a certain processing gap can be ensured, the phenomenon of short circuit burn is avoided, meanwhile, the guide end is easy to replace, and the service life of the cathode piece can be prolonged; in conclusion, the invention has good removing effect on burrs at the edges of the deep and long cross holes, can simultaneously remove the burrs at the cross holes by single processing, has the advantages of high processing quality, high processing efficiency, long service life of the cathode piece, simple operation and the like, and can be suitable for large-batch part processing work.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrolytic deburring device with deep and long cross holes, which is disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cathode member according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a cathode member in the present invention;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a cathode member in the present invention.
Wherein: the device comprises a cathode piece 1, an electrolyte channel 1-1, a clamping end 1-2, a positioning end 1-3, a cathode rod 1-4, a working end 1-5, an electrolyte outlet 1-6, a guide end 1-7, a workpiece 2, a tool holder 3, a power supply 4, a main shaft 5, an adjusting valve 6, an electrolyte pump 7, a workbench 8, an overflow valve 9, a heater 10, a temperature control instrument 11, an electrolyte tank 12 and a filter 13.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
In the present invention, the terms "mounted" and "mounted" unless otherwise expressly specified or limited,
The terms "connected", "connected" and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly, e.g., as a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in figures 1-4, the electrolytic deburring device for the deep and long cross holes is mainly used for removing burrs at the deep and long cross holes of parts and comprises a cathode piece 1, wherein the cathode piece 1 comprises a clamping end 1-2, a positioning end 1-3, a cathode rod 1-4 and a guide end 1-7 which are sequentially connected.
The cathode rods 1-4 are hollow cylindrical cathode rods, electrolyte channels 1-1 communicated with an electrolyte tank 12 are arranged inside the cathode rods 1-4 and used for being electrified with electrolyte, a plurality of working ends 1-5 matched with the space structure of deep and long cross holes of a workpiece 2 are arranged outside the cathode rods 1-4, not only can the accuracy of a machining position be guaranteed, but also a plurality of cross holes can be machined simultaneously, a plurality of electrolyte outlets 1-6 communicated with the electrolyte channels 1-1 are arranged above each working end 1-5 and used for guaranteeing that the machining area is filled with electrolyte during electrolytic deburring machining, specifically, the cathode rods 1-4 are made of corrosion-resistant 304 stainless steel, insulating layers are coated on the outer sides of the cathode rods 1-4, and the insulating layers can cut off power lines leading to the non-machining parts of the workpiece 2 at the working ends 1-5, stray corrosion of the non-processing surface of the workpiece 2 can be effectively prevented; three pairs of working ends 1-5 are uniformly distributed on the cathode rod 1-4 from top to bottom, each pair of working ends 1-5 is two working ends 1-5 which are arranged in bilateral symmetry, the shape of each working end 1-5 is designed to be consistent with the spatial structure of the position of the burr at the deep and long cross hole according to the spatial structure of the deep and long cross hole, and the edges of the working ends 1-5 are provided with fillet transition, so that smooth fillets can be machined, good uniformity of a flow field can be ensured, and the burr removal efficiency of a machining area can be effectively improved; six electrolyte outlets 1-6 are arranged above each pair of the working ends 1-5, and the six electrolyte outlets 1-
6 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the cathode rods 1-4, so that the electrolyte in the machining gap is uniform and abundant without a cavity phenomenon during electrolytic deburring, and the problem of short circuit burn can be effectively avoided.
The upper end of the cathode rod 1-4 is connected with a positioning end 1-3, the positioning end 1-3 is of a regular hexagon structure, six vertical planes are cathode rod 1-4 positioning reference surfaces, accurate positioning can be achieved, one end, far away from the cathode rod 1-4, of the positioning end 1-3 is connected with a clamping end 1-2, and the clamping end 1-2 is clamped on a spindle 5 connected with the negative electrode of a power supply 4 through a cutter handle 3.
The lower end of the cathode rod 1-4 is connected with the guide ends 1-7, so that the cathode rod 1-4 is positioned in the vertical direction of the workpiece 2, the guide ends 1-7 are detachably connected with the cathode rod 1-4, the guide ends 1-7 can be replaced conveniently, the service life of the cathode rod 1-4 is prolonged, the guide ends 1-7 are made of insulating materials (epoxy resin), the insulating materials do not have electrolysis effect during machining, the original workpiece cannot be damaged, the diameter of the guide ends 1-7 is larger than that of the circumferences of the outer sides of the working ends 1-5, the large burr direction of the edges of the crossed holes can be changed when the guide ends 1-7 go deep into the deep holes, machining gaps can be guaranteed, and short circuit burn can be avoided.
It should be noted that the diameter of the cathode rod 1-4, the thickness of the working end 1-5 protruding from the cathode rod 1-4, and the diameter of the guiding end 1-7 can be determined according to the bore diameter of the workpiece to be machined, so as to ensure that the clearance between the working end 1-5 and the workpiece is 0.3 ℃ °
0.6mm, and is not particularly limited herein.
The electrolyte tank 12 is connected with the electrolyte channel 1-1 through an electrolyte pump 7, a filter 13 is arranged between the electrolyte pump 7 and the electrolyte tank 12, the electrolyte pump 7 is further connected with a regulating valve 6 and an overflow valve 9, and the electrolyte tank 12 is further connected with a heater 10 and a temperature controller 11.
The invention provides a deburring method by adopting the deep-long cross hole electrolytic deburring device, which comprises the following steps:
(a) fixing the workpiece 2 on a workbench 8, connecting the workpiece with the anode of a power supply 4, calibrating the position and determining the processing coordinate of the workpiece 2;
(b) the cathode piece 1 is connected with the cathode of the power supply 4, and the spatial position of the working end 1-5 on the cathode rod 1-4 is determined by utilizing the coordinates of the hexagonal positioning end 1-3 and the workpiece 2;
(c) the bottom surfaces of the guide ends 1-7 are used as positioning reference surfaces in the vertical direction, the entering depth of the cathode rods 1-4 during machining is determined according to the shape of the workpiece 2, and the accuracy of the machining position is guaranteed;
(d) before electrolytic machining, the temperature controller 11 is required to be adjusted to control the heater 10 to adjust the electrolyte in the electrolyte tank 12 to the required temperature and then keep the temperature constant;
(e) starting an electrolyte pump 7, filtering electrolyte through a filter 13, adjusting the pressure to be 0.1-0.6 MPa by using an adjusting valve 6, then feeding the electrolyte into an electrolyte channel 1-1, and then spraying the electrolyte into a processing gap from an electrolyte outlet 1-6, wherein the processing gap is 0.3-0.6 mm;
(f) and (4) switching on a power supply 4, adjusting the working voltage to 10-20V, and performing electrochemical anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction reaction for 30-200 s to finish electrolytic deburring processing.
In the step (d), the electrolyte is NaNO3 solution, the concentration range of the electrolyte is 10-25%, and the temperature range of the electrolyte is 30-35 ℃.
The machining process of one specific embodiment adopting the deburring device and the deburring method is as follows:
in the embodiment, the workpiece 2 is 45 steel with holes of 10mm and 5mm in diameter drilled inside, electrolytic deburring is performed on deep and long intersecting lines formed after two holes with different apertures are drilled, the electrolyte adopts a forward flow type, the electrolyte component is 15% NaNO3, the pressure of an electrolyte inlet is 0.5Mpa, the temperature is 30 ℃, a direct current stabilized voltage power supply 4 is selected, the machining voltage is 16V, the unilateral gap between a working end 1-5 and the workpiece 2 is 0.5mm, the electrolyte flows in a forward flow type, the electrolyte is sprayed into a machining area from an electrolyte outlet 1-6 at a high speed, deburring is completed under the electrolytic action, an electrolytic product is timely taken away from the machining area by the electrolyte flowing at the high speed, burrs in the machining area are completely removed through detection, smooth fillets are formed, and the machining effect is remarkable.
In conclusion, the deep-long cross hole electrolytic deburring device and method provided by the invention can ensure the accuracy of the processing position and avoid stray corrosion by the design that the space structures of the working ends 1-5 and the cross holes are consistent; through the design of the working ends 1-5, a plurality of areas can be processed simultaneously, and the working efficiency is improved; by the design of coating the insulating layer on the outer sides of the cathode rods 1-4, stray corrosion of a non-processing area can be effectively prevented, and damage to the workpiece 2 is avoided; through the design of the electrolyte outlets 1-6, the uniform distribution of a flow field can be ensured, the phenomenon of cavities is avoided, and the problem of short circuit burn can be effectively avoided; through the design of the guide ends 1 to 7, a certain processing gap can be ensured, the phenomenon of short circuit burn is avoided, meanwhile, the guide ends 1 to 7 are easy to replace, and the service life of the cathode piece 1 can be prolonged; in conclusion, the invention has good removing effect on burrs at the edges of the deep and long cross holes, can simultaneously remove the burrs at the cross holes by single processing, has the advantages of high processing quality, high processing efficiency, long service life of the cathode piece, simple operation and the like, and can be suitable for large-batch part processing work.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a dark long cross hole electrolysis burring device, includes cathode spare (1) of being connected with power (4) negative pole, its characterized in that: the cathode piece (1) comprises a cathode rod (1-4), an electrolyte channel (1-1) communicated with an electrolyte tank (12) is arranged inside the cathode rod (1-4), a plurality of working ends (1-5) matched with the space structure of the deep and long cross holes of the workpiece (2) are arranged outside the cathode rod (1-4), a plurality of electrolyte outlets (1-6) communicated with the electrolyte channel (1-1) are arranged above each working end (1-5), and the upper end and the lower end of the cathode rod (1-4) are respectively connected with a positioning end (1-3) and a guide end (1-7).
2. The deep-long cross-hole electrolytic deburring device of claim 1, wherein: the cathode rods (1-4) are hollow cylindrical cathode rods, the cathode rods (1-4) are made of 304 stainless steel, and the outer sides of the cathode rods (1-4) are coated with insulating layers.
3. The deep-long cross-hole electrolytic deburring device of claim 1, wherein: the positioning end (1-3) is of a regular hexagon structure, one end, far away from the cathode rod (1-4), of the positioning end (1-3) is connected with the clamping end (1-2), and the clamping end (1-2) is clamped on a main shaft (5) connected with the cathode of the power supply (4) through the cutter handle (3).
4. The deep-long cross-hole electrolytic deburring device of claim 1, wherein: the guide ends (1-7) are detachably connected with the cathode rods (1-4), the guide ends (1-7) are made of epoxy resin, and the diameter of each guide end (1-7) is larger than that of the circumference where the outer sides of the working ends (1-5) are located.
5. The deep-long cross-hole electrolytic deburring device of claim 1, wherein: the cathode rod (1-4) is uniformly distributed with three pairs of working ends (1-5) from top to bottom, and each pair of working ends (1-5) is two working ends (1-5) which are arranged in bilateral symmetry.
6. The deep-long cross-hole electrolytic deburring device of claim 5, wherein: six electrolyte outlets (1-6) are arranged above each pair of working ends (1-5), and the six electrolyte outlets (1-6) are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the cathode rods (1-4).
7. The deep-long cross-hole electrolytic deburring device of claim 1, wherein: the electrolyte tank (12) is connected with the electrolyte channel (1-1) through an electrolyte pump (7), a filter (13) is arranged between the electrolyte pump (7) and the electrolyte tank (12), and the electrolyte pump (7) is further connected with a regulating valve (6) and an overflow valve (9).
8. The deep-long cross-hole electrolytic deburring device of claim 1, wherein: the electrolyte tank (12) is also connected with a heater (10) and a temperature controller (11).
9. The deburring method of the deep-long cross hole electrolytic deburring device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(a) fixing the workpiece (2) on a workbench (8), connecting the workpiece with the anode of a power supply (4), calibrating the position and determining the processing coordinate of the workpiece (2);
(b) the cathode piece (1) is connected with the cathode of the power supply (4), and the spatial position of the working end (1-5) on the cathode rod (1-4) is determined by utilizing the coordinates of the hexagonal positioning end (1-3) and the workpiece (2);
(c) the bottom surfaces of the guide ends (1-7) are used as positioning reference surfaces in the vertical direction, the penetration height of the cathode rods (1-4) during machining is determined according to the shape of the workpiece (2), and the accuracy of the machining position is guaranteed;
(d) before electrolytic machining, a temperature controller (11) is required to be adjusted to control a heater (10) to adjust the electrolyte in an electrolyte tank (12) to a required temperature and then keep the temperature constant;
(e) starting an electrolyte pump (7), filtering electrolyte through a filter (13), adjusting the pressure to be 0.1-0.6 MPa by using an adjusting valve (6), then feeding the electrolyte into an electrolyte channel (1-1), and then spraying the electrolyte into a machining gap from an electrolyte outlet (1-6), wherein the machining gap is 0.3-0.6 mm;
(f) and (4) switching on a power supply (4), adjusting the working voltage to 10-20V, and performing electrochemical anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction reaction for 30-200 s to finish the electrolytic deburring processing.
10. The deep-long cross-hole electrolytic deburring method of claim 9, characterized in that: in the step (d), the electrolyte is NaNO3 solution, the concentration range of the electrolyte is 10-25%, and the temperature range of the electrolyte is 30-35 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010064027.2A CN111151829A (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2020-01-20 | Electrolytic deburring device and method for deep and long crossed holes |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010064027.2A CN111151829A (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2020-01-20 | Electrolytic deburring device and method for deep and long crossed holes |
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| CN111151829A true CN111151829A (en) | 2020-05-15 |
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| CN202010064027.2A Pending CN111151829A (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2020-01-20 | Electrolytic deburring device and method for deep and long crossed holes |
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| CN111843071A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-10-30 | 无锡时硕五杰机械有限公司 | Electrochemical deburring machine |
| CN111843072A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-30 | 重庆红江机械有限责任公司 | Crossover hole electrolysis radius anchor clamps |
| CN112894037A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-06-04 | 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 | Electrolytic machining method, cathode for electrolytic machining and electrolytic machining device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112894037A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-06-04 | 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 | Electrolytic machining method, cathode for electrolytic machining and electrolytic machining device |
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