CN112453601B - Electric spark machine tool for processing inner cavity of metal product - Google Patents
Electric spark machine tool for processing inner cavity of metal product Download PDFInfo
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- CN112453601B CN112453601B CN202011310625.XA CN202011310625A CN112453601B CN 112453601 B CN112453601 B CN 112453601B CN 202011310625 A CN202011310625 A CN 202011310625A CN 112453601 B CN112453601 B CN 112453601B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
- B23H1/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
- B23H1/08—Working media
Abstract
The invention discloses an electric spark machine tool for processing inner cavities of metal products, which comprises a machine tool body and a stand column, wherein a workbench is arranged on the machine tool body, a main shaft head is arranged on the stand column, the main shaft head and the workbench are arranged correspondingly, a water tank is arranged on the workbench, a clamp for clamping a workpiece is arranged at the bottom of the water tank, the water tank is connected with a working fluid circulating system, an electrode chuck is arranged at the lower end of the main shaft head, a tool electrode is arranged on the electrode chuck, the tool electrode is matched with a cavity structure of the workpiece, the workpiece is horizontally arranged on the clamp, the electrode chuck is connected with an adjusting mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the electrode chuck to rotate around the height direction of the machine tool. The discharge of the electric corrosion products is rapid, and the processing process is stable and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric spark machine tools, in particular to an electric spark machine tool for processing inner cavities of metal products.
Background
An electric discharge machine is a machine tool for machining metal parts by utilizing the principle of electric discharge to perform electric erosion on metal surfaces. Since the electric discharge machining principle is different from the general metal cutting principle, the electric discharge machine is different from the general metal cutting machine in structure. The main drive system is not equipped with high-strength main drive system, but it adopts a high-sensitivity gap automatic regulator to ensure the discharge gap between electrodes of several micrometers to several hundred micrometers.
The method is one of the common means for processing the die cavity by using an electric spark machine tool, because the die is a high-hardness metal workpiece, when the die workpiece with special-shaped grooves on the side wall of the die cavity is subjected to electric erosion processing (such as a workpiece shown in figure 4), because the side wall of the die cavity of the workpiece is provided with the special-shaped grooves, the length direction of the special-shaped grooves is consistent with the height direction of the machine tool, the special-shaped grooves are distributed in a circumferential array around the center line of the die cavity, the width of the special-shaped grooves is gradually increased from the groove bottom to the groove opening, because the distance between the special-shaped grooves is smaller, and the trend of the special-shaped grooves from the groove bottom to the groove opening is not straight, the traditional cutting machine tool is difficult to process, when the electric spark machine tool is adopted for processing, tool anodes with consistent structures with the special-shaped grooves are generally prepared firstly, then the tool anodes gradually descend under the driving of a main shaft head for carrying out the electric erosion processing, the processing mode is not only efficient, but also the processing size is caused by too low loss of the traditional metal tool anodes, the machining is unqualified, and in addition, the discharge of an electric corrosion product is difficult due to the special-shaped groove, so that the machining efficiency and the machining quality are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an electric spark machine tool for treating the inner cavity of a metal product, which comprises a machine tool body and a vertical column, wherein a workbench is arranged on the machine tool body, a main shaft head is arranged on the vertical column, the main shaft head and the workbench are correspondingly arranged, a water tank is arranged on the workbench, a clamp for clamping a workpiece is arranged at the bottom of the water tank, the water tank is connected with a working fluid circulating system, an electrode chuck is arranged at the lower end of the main shaft head, a tool electrode is arranged on the electrode chuck, the tool electrode is matched with a cavity structure of the workpiece, the workpiece is horizontally arranged on the clamp, different grooves are arranged on the side wall of a cavity of the workpiece, the length direction of the different grooves is consistent with the height direction of the machine tool, the different grooves are distributed in a circumferential array around the center line of the cavity, the groove width of the different grooves is gradually increased from the groove opening to the bottom direction, the tool electrode is provided with a cavity part and a fin part which is consistent with the cavity structure of the workpiece, the fin part corresponds to the special-shaped groove structure, the thickness of the fin part is smaller than the width of the notch of the special-shaped groove, the electrode chuck is connected with the adjusting mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the electrode chuck to rotate around the height direction of the machine tool.
Through the technical scheme, the processing steps of firstly slotting and then widening the groove width of the special-shaped groove of the workpiece cavity can be realized by the aid of the arrangement of the tool anode and the adjusting mechanism and the servo drive of the spindle head, and the problem that the processing efficiency is too low due to one-time forming in the prior art is solved.
Further: the bottom surface of the cavity part of the tool electrode is provided with a water outlet hole, the direction of the water outlet hole is consistent with the height direction of the machine tool, and the water outlet hole is connected with a working fluid circulating system.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, realized apopore discharge working solution, the working solution can discharge the erosion product in each profiled groove fast from the work piece die cavity, and discharge speed is fast, guarantees the stable of erosion processing and goes on.
Further: the central line of the water outlet hole is collinear with the central line of the tool electrode type cavity part.
Through the technical scheme, the working liquid in the water outlet holes can be uniformly diffused all around, so that the working liquid with consistent flow can be obtained in each different-shaped groove, and the electric corrosion products in each different-shaped groove can be effectively discharged.
Further: the tool electrode is a graphite electrode made of graphite material.
Through the technical scheme, the tool electrode made of the graphite material is realized, the graphite material is convenient to machine and form, the conductive effect is good, and the tool electrode is convenient to replace after loss.
Further: the section of the lower end surface of the tool electrode fin part, which is vertical to the side surface of the tool electrode fin part, is in a circular arc shape.
Through the technical scheme, the arrangement of the arc surface of the lower end face of the tool electrode is realized, and the problems of different electric erosion amount, poor machining effect and low machining efficiency of the workpiece special-shaped groove due to point discharge are avoided.
Further: the thickness of the fin part of the tool electrode is gradually increased along the direction from the fin root to the fin end, and the increasing range of the thickness is consistent with the increasing range of the groove width of the special-shaped groove along the direction from the groove opening to the groove bottom.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, realized can coming out the quick electroerosion of heterotypic grooved profile, then tool electrode rotates, can be fast with heterotypic groove widen shaping.
Further: the electrode clamp is a pneumatic electrode clamp.
Through the technical scheme, the pneumatic electrode chuck is fast and convenient to clamp, and the tool anode is convenient to assemble and disassemble.
Further: the adjusting mechanism comprises a worm wheel, a worm and an adjusting component, the worm wheel is rotatably installed on the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is arranged along the height direction of the machine tool, the electrode clamp is fixedly installed on the worm wheel, the worm wheel is meshed with the worm, the worm is connected with the adjusting component, and the adjusting component is used for adjusting the rotation of the worm.
Through the technical scheme, the function of adjusting the electrode chuck and the tool anode to rotate synchronously through the worm gear and the worm is realized, the rotation adjustment is stable, the positioning is accurate, and the displacement cannot occur.
A method for processing a metal workpiece cavity profiled groove by an electric spark machine tool for metal product inner cavity treatment is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a tool electrode matched with the special-shaped groove of the workpiece cavity by using a graphite material;
step two: horizontally positioning and clamping the workpiece on a clamp;
step three: mounting a tool electrode on an electrode chuck;
step four: starting the electric spark machine tool, aligning the tool electrode and the workpiece, driving the tool electrode to gradually descend by the main shaft head after the tool electrode and the workpiece are aligned, discharging the tool electrode to electroerode the side wall of the workpiece cavity, discharging working liquid in the water outlet hole, and flushing electroerosion products by the working liquid;
step five: when the tool electrode descends to the lowest position, the profiled groove profile electroerosion machining is completed, the tool electrode is adjusted to rotate intermittently around the central line of the tool electrode, the tool electrode electroerodes the groove wall of the profiled groove, the width widening of the profiled groove is completed, the tool electrode moves upwards to separate from the workpiece, and the workpiece is taken down.
Through the technical scheme, the method realizes that the anode of the tool is firstly adjusted to descend, the profile of the special-shaped groove is quickly subjected to electrolytic corrosion, then the tool electrode is adjusted to rotate, the special-shaped groove is quickly widened and formed, the tool electrode descends to form the special-shaped groove in an electrolytic corrosion mode at one time in the past, the electric corrosion amount is large, the power consumption is large, the electrolytic corrosion speed is low, the machining efficiency is low, through the method, the electric corrosion amount in unit time is reduced, the power consumption is effectively reduced, the electrolytic corrosion speed is obviously improved, and the machining efficiency is improved.
Further: in the sixth step: in the process of widening the groove width of the special-shaped groove, firstly, a tool electrode is adjusted to rotate around a central line in a forward direction by an angle which is recorded as theta n, namely, the special-shaped groove is stopped, one side surface of a fin part of the tool electrode is closer to the corresponding side groove wall of the special-shaped groove, a discharge gap is reserved between the side wall and the corresponding side groove wall, the tool electrode is subjected to discharge electroerosion, the duration time of the discharge electroerosion is recorded as t, after the discharge is finished, the tool electrode is adjusted to rotate in the original position, the tool electrode is rotated in the reverse direction by the angle theta n, namely, the tool electrode is stopped, the discharge electroerosion is carried out on the groove wall of the other side for the duration time of t, the steps are repeated for the nth time, and the groove width of the special-shaped groove can be widened and formed to the preset size.
Through the technical scheme, the function of adjusting the anode of the tool to rotate forwards or turn over for multiple times and widening the electrolytic corrosion of the groove wall of the special-shaped groove for forming is realized.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that: the invention has stable structure and reasonable layout, realizes the purpose of firstly electroerosion grooving and then electroerosion groove wall widening molding of the tool anode by the arrangement of the tool anode and the adjusting mechanism, obviously improves the processing efficiency of the special-shaped groove, reduces the power consumption, discharges the electroerosion product quickly and has stable and reliable processing process;
the method has simple steps, is convenient to implement, changes the previous one-step forming processing, and is divided into two procedures, so that the power consumption can be reduced, the electric corrosion speed can be increased, and the electric corrosion processing efficiency is obviously improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric discharge machine for treating a metal product inner cavity according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a tool anode and an adjusting mechanism in an electric discharge machine for treating a metal product inner cavity according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjusting mechanism in an electric discharge machine for metal product inner cavity treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a workpiece machined by an electrical discharge machine for cavity treatment of a metal product according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a tool anode in an electric discharge machine for treating a metal product inner cavity according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a water outlet hole on a tool anode in an electric discharge machine for processing a metal product inner cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fin portion on a tool anode in an electrical discharge machine for cavity treatment of a metal product according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic process diagram of the process of the tool anode electroerosion on the groove wall of the special-shaped groove when the metal product inner cavity treatment electric spark machine tool is used for processing the special-shaped groove of the metal workpiece cavity.
Description of reference numerals: 100-lathe bed, 110-workbench, 120-water tank, 121-clamp, 130-column, 140-spindle head, 150-working fluid circulating system, 160-electrode chuck, 200-adjusting mechanism, 210-worm wheel, 220-worm, 230-adjusting component, 300-tool electrode, 310-cavity part, 311-water outlet, 320-fin part, 330-connecting part, 331-pipe joint, 400-control cabinet, 500-workpiece and 510-special-shaped groove.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, in the present embodiment, an electric discharge machine for treating an inner cavity of a metal product is provided, which includes a machine bed 100 and a column 130, wherein a worktable 110 is provided on the machine bed 100, a spindle head 140 is mounted on the column 130, the spindle head 140 and the worktable 110 are arranged correspondingly, a water tank 120 is provided on the worktable 110, a clamp 121 for clamping a workpiece is provided at the bottom of the water tank 120, the water tank 120 is connected to a working fluid circulating system 150, and an electrode chuck 160 is mounted at the lower end of the spindle head 140;
the tool electrode 300 is mounted on the electrode chuck 160, the tool electrode 300 is matched with a cavity structure of the workpiece 500, the workpiece 500 is horizontally arranged on the clamp 121, the side wall of the cavity of the workpiece 500 is provided with various special-shaped grooves 510, the groove length direction of the special-shaped grooves 510 is consistent with the height direction of a machine tool, the various special-shaped grooves 510 are distributed in a circumferential array mode around the center line of the cavity, the groove width of the special-shaped grooves 510 is gradually increased along the direction from the groove openings to the groove bottoms of the special-shaped grooves, the tool electrode 300 is provided with a cavity portion 310 and a fin portion 320, the cavity portion 310 is consistent with the cavity structure of the workpiece 500, the fin portion 320 corresponds to the special-shaped grooves 510 in structure, the thickness of the fin portion 320 is smaller than the width of the groove openings of the special-shaped grooves 510, the electrode chuck 160 is connected with the adjusting mechanism 200, and the adjusting mechanism 200 is used for adjusting the electrode chuck 160 to rotate around the height direction of the machine tool.
When the workpiece 500 is subjected to electric erosion processing, firstly, the workpiece 500 is horizontally fixed on a clamp 121 in a water tank 120, then a working solution circulating system 150 circulates working solution in the water tank 120, a worktable 110 drives a longitudinal and transverse screw rod through a servo mechanism to change the relative positions of the workpiece 500 and a tool electrode 300 and drive the workpiece 500 to move to the position corresponding to the tool electrode 300, a spindle head 140 consists of a servo feeding mechanism, a guiding and anti-twisting mechanism and an auxiliary mechanism and controls a discharge gap between the workpiece 500 and the tool electrode 300, a control cabinet 400 is arranged on one side of a lathe bed 100, and the control cabinet 400 is used for processing control;
the tool electrode 300 is installed on the electrode chuck 160, the spindle head 140 drives the tool electrode 300 to move downwards, the tool electrode 300 is electrified, the lower end face of the fin portion 320 is used for discharging and electroerosion of the side wall of the workpiece cavity, slotting machining is achieved, the profile of the special-shaped groove is electroeroded out, after slotting is completed, the adjusting mechanism 200 adjusts the tool electrode 300 to rotate, after the fin portion 320 rotates forwards or turns over a certain angle, the fin portion 320 is close to the side wall of the special-shaped groove 510, after the electrification, the fin portion 320 carries out electroerosion on the side wall portion close to the fin portion, referring to fig. 8, the shaded portion in the figure is the portion to be electroeroded, after the electroerosion is completed, the side wall of the electroeroded special-shaped groove 510 is prevented from being parallel to the side face close to the fin portion 320, after the repeated rotation, the groove width of the special-shaped groove 510 is widened, and machining of the special-shaped groove with the preset size can be completed.
Referring to fig. 4-7, a water outlet 311 is formed in the bottom surface of the cavity 310 of the tool electrode 300, the direction of the water outlet 311 is the same as the height direction of the machine tool, and the water outlet 311 is connected to the working fluid circulation system 150. The center line of the water outlet hole 311 and the center line of the cavity part 310 of the tool electrode 300 are collinear. The connecting part 330 is arranged above the cavity part 310 of the tool electrode 300, the connecting part 330 is used for being clamped in the electrode clamping head 160, the joint 331 is arranged on one side of the connecting part 330, the joint 331 is connected with the working fluid circulating system 150, the working fluid circulating system 150 provides working fluid for the water outlet hole 311, in the conventional electroerosion machining process, the water nozzle is arranged on one side of the tool electrode 300 and is aligned with a workpiece to discharge electroerosion products, due to the special-shaped groove 510, the electroerosion products in each special-shaped groove 510 cannot be rapidly and comprehensively discharged from the outer side, through the arrangement of the water outlet hole 311, in the electroerosion machining process, the water outlet hole 311 continuously sprays the working fluid, the working fluid flows into the cavity of the workpiece 500, the electroerosion products in the special-shaped grooves 510 are diffused from the inner side to the outer side, and the electroerosion products are discharged from the special-shaped grooves 510 thoroughly and rapidly.
The tool electrode 300 is a graphite electrode made of graphite material.
Referring to fig. 5, the tool electrode 300 is composed of a connecting portion 330, a cavity portion 310 and a fin portion 320, wherein the fin portion 320 is a thin sheet made of graphite material, the connecting portion 330 and the cavity portion 310 may be members made of metal material and may be made of metal copper, a clamping groove is formed in the cavity portion 310, and the fin portion 320 is detachably mounted in the clamping groove, so that when the tool anode 300 is manufactured, only the graphite material is required to be processed into the thin sheet-shaped fin portion 320, and then the fin portion 320 is inserted into the clamping groove to be manufactured, and when the graphite material is damaged, the replacement is convenient and fast.
Referring to fig. 7, the cross section of the lower end surface of the fin portion 320 of the tool electrode 300 perpendicular to the side surface thereof is circular arc-shaped.
When the side wall of the cavity of the workpiece 500 is subjected to slotting machining, the main shaft head 140 drives the tool electrode to move downwards, the lower end face of the fin part 320 of the tool electrode 300 is close to the workpiece, the workpiece is subjected to discharge and electric erosion on the lower end face, the circular arc-shaped lower side face is arranged, so that the discharge on each part of the lower side face is uniform, and the problem of uneven slotting and electric erosion caused by point discharge is avoided.
Referring to fig. 4 and 7, the thickness of the fin portion 320 of the tool electrode 300 gradually increases along the direction from the fin root to the fin tip, and the increasing width of the fin portion is consistent with the increasing width of the groove width of the special-shaped groove 510 along the direction from the groove opening to the groove bottom.
Through the arrangement, after the tool electrode 300 descends to the lowest position, the profile of the special-shaped groove 510 can be opened, and the follow-up work is facilitated.
The electrode cartridge 160 is a pneumatic electrode cartridge. The pneumatic electrode chuck is fast and convenient to clamp and is convenient for assembling and disassembling the tool anode.
Referring to fig. 3, the adjusting mechanism 200 includes a worm wheel 210, a worm 220 and an adjusting assembly 230, the worm wheel 210 is rotatably mounted on a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is arranged along the height direction of the machine tool, the electrode chuck 160 is fixedly mounted on the worm wheel 210, the worm wheel 210 is meshed with the worm 220, the worm 220 is connected with the adjusting assembly 230, and the adjusting assembly 230 is used for adjusting the rotation of the worm 220. The adjusting assembly 230 comprises a servo motor and a speed reducer, and the function of adjusting the electrode chuck 160 and the tool anode 300 to synchronously rotate through the worm wheel 210 and the worm 220 is realized through the arrangement, so that the rotation adjustment is stable, the positioning is accurate, and no displacement occurs.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a method for machining a cavity profile groove of a metal workpiece by using the electric discharge machine of embodiment 1 is provided, which includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a tool electrode 300 matched with the special-shaped groove 510 of the cavity of the workpiece 500 by using a graphite material;
step two: horizontally positioning and clamping the workpiece 500 on the clamp 121;
step three: mounting the tool electrode 300 on the electrode cartridge 160;
step four: starting the electric spark machine tool, aligning the tool electrode 300 and the workpiece 500, and after the tool electrode 300 and the workpiece 500 are aligned, driving the tool electrode 300 to descend gradually by the spindle head 140, discharging electricity from the tool electrode 300 to electroerode the side wall of the cavity of the workpiece 500, discharging working liquid from the water outlet hole 311, and flushing out electroerosion products by the working liquid;
step five: when the tool electrode 300 descends to the lowest position, the contour of the special-shaped groove 510 is subjected to electrolytic corrosion machining, the tool electrode 300 is adjusted to rotate around the center line of the tool electrode in an intermittent mode, the tool electrode 300 is subjected to electrolytic corrosion on the groove wall of the special-shaped groove, the groove width of the special-shaped groove 510 is widened, the tool electrode 300 moves upwards to be separated from the workpiece 500, and the workpiece 500 is taken down.
The machining method provided by the embodiment realizes the machining of firstly adjusting the tool anode 300 to descend, quickly and electrically corroding the profile of the special-shaped groove 510, then adjusting the tool electrode 300 to rotate, and quickly widening and forming the special-shaped groove 510, so that the problems that the conventional tool electrode descends to electrically corrode and form the special-shaped groove at one time, and the electric corrosion amount is large, the electric power consumption is high, the electric corrosion speed is low, and the machining efficiency is low are solved.
In the fifth step: in the process of widening the groove width of the special-shaped groove 510, firstly, the tool electrode 300 is adjusted to rotate around the central line in the forward direction by an angle which is recorded as thetan, namely, the tool electrode stops, so that one side surface of the fin part 320 of the tool electrode 300 is closer to the corresponding side groove wall of the special-shaped groove 510, a discharge gap is reserved between the side wall and the corresponding side groove wall, the discharge electroerosion of the tool electrode 300 is performed, the duration time of the discharge electroerosion is recorded as t, after the discharge is finished, the tool electrode 300 is adjusted to rotate back to the original position, the tool electrode 300 stops discharging electroerosion, the duration time of the t is performed, the other side groove wall is subjected to electroerosion processing, the steps are repeated for the m times, m is a positive integer, and the groove width of the special-shaped groove 510 can be widened and formed to the preset size.
Referring to fig. 8, the profile of the special-shaped groove is electrically etched, after the groove is formed, the adjusting mechanism 200 adjusts the tool electrode 300 to rotate, after the angle θ n is rotated in a positive rotation manner, the fin portion 320 is close to the side wall of one side of the special-shaped groove 510, after the current is supplied, the fin portion 320 performs electrical etching on the side wall portion close to the fin portion, referring to fig. 8, the shadow portion in the figure is a portion to be electrically etched, after the shadow portion in the figure is electrically etched, the side wall of the special-shaped groove 510 which is electrically etched is prevented from being parallel to the side face close to the fin portion 320, then the angle θ n is turned over, and after the preset rotation is repeated for multiple times, the groove width of the special-shaped groove 510 can be widened and electrically etched to a preset size.
The invention has stable structure and reasonable layout, realizes the purpose of firstly electroerosion grooving and then electroerosion groove wall widening molding of the tool anode by the arrangement of the tool anode and the adjusting mechanism, obviously improves the processing efficiency of the special-shaped groove, reduces the power consumption, discharges the electroerosion product quickly and has stable and reliable processing process;
the method has simple steps and convenient implementation, changes the prior one-step forming processing, and is divided into two procedures, thereby not only reducing the power consumption, but also improving the electroerosion speed, and further obviously improving the electroerosion processing efficiency.
It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art and related arts based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Structures, devices, and methods of operation not specifically described or illustrated herein are generally practiced in the art without specific recitation or limitation.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a metal product inner chamber processing electric spark machine tool, including lathe bed (100) and stand (130), be provided with workstation (110) on lathe bed (100), main shaft head (140) are equipped with on stand (130), main shaft head (140) and workstation (110) correspond and arrange, be provided with basin (120) on workstation (110), basin (120) tank bottom is provided with anchor clamps (121) that are used for pressing from both sides tight work piece, working solution circulation system (150) is connected in basin (120), electrode chuck (160) are installed to main shaft head (140) lower extreme, its characterized in that:
the tool electrode (300) is mounted on the electrode chuck (160), the tool electrode (300) is matched with a cavity structure of the workpiece (500), the workpiece (500) is horizontally arranged on the clamp (121), different grooves (510) are formed in the side wall of the cavity of the workpiece (500), the groove length direction of the different grooves (510) is consistent with the height direction of a machine tool, the different grooves (510) are distributed in a circumferential array mode around the center line of the cavity, the groove width of the different grooves (510) is gradually increased along the direction from the groove opening to the groove bottom, the tool electrode (300) is provided with a cavity portion (310) and a fin portion (320), the cavity portion (310) is consistent with the cavity structure of the workpiece (500), the fin portion (320) corresponds to the different grooves (510), the thickness of the fin portion (320) is smaller than the width of the groove opening of the different grooves (510), the electrode chuck (160) is connected with an adjusting mechanism (200), and the adjusting mechanism (200) is used for adjusting the electrode chuck (160) to rotate around the height direction of the machine tool.
2. An electric discharge machine for the treatment of internal cavities of metal products according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom surface of the cavity part (310) of the tool electrode (300) is provided with a water outlet hole (311), the hole direction of the water outlet hole (311) is consistent with the height direction of a machine tool, and the water outlet hole (311) is connected with a working fluid circulating system (150).
3. An electric discharge machine for the treatment of internal cavities of metal products, according to claim 2, characterized in that: the central line of the water outlet hole (311) is collinear with the central line of the cavity part (310) of the tool electrode (300).
4. An electric discharge machine for the treatment of internal cavities of metal products according to claim 3, characterized in that: the tool electrode (300) is a graphite electrode made of graphite material.
5. An electric discharge machine for the treatment of internal cavities of metal products according to claim 4, characterized in that: the cross section of the lower end surface of the fin part (320) of the tool electrode (300) which is vertical to the side surface is in a circular arc shape.
6. An electric discharge machine for the treatment of internal cavities of metal products according to claim 5, characterized in that: the thickness of the fin part (320) of the tool electrode (300) is gradually increased along the direction from the fin root to the fin end, and the increasing range of the thickness is consistent with the increasing range of the groove width of the special-shaped groove (510) along the direction from the groove opening to the groove bottom.
7. An electric discharge machine for the treatment of internal cavities of metal products according to claim 6, characterized in that: the electrode cartridge (160) is a pneumatic electrode cartridge.
8. An electric discharge machine for the treatment of internal cavities of metal products according to claim 7, characterized in that: the adjusting mechanism (200) comprises a worm wheel (210), a worm (220) and an adjusting component (230), the worm wheel (210) is rotatably installed on a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is arranged along the height direction of the machine tool, the electrode clamp (160) is fixedly installed on the worm wheel (210), the worm wheel (210) is meshed with the worm (220), the worm (220) is connected with the adjusting component (230), and the adjusting component (230) is used for adjusting the rotation of the worm (220).
9. A method for processing a cavity profiled groove of a metal workpiece by an electric discharge machine for inner cavity treatment of a metal product according to claim 8, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a tool electrode (300) matched with the cavity profiled groove (510) of the workpiece (500) by using a graphite material;
step two: horizontally positioning and clamping the workpiece (500) on a clamp (121);
step three: mounting a tool electrode (300) on an electrode cartridge (160);
step four: starting an electric spark machine tool, aligning a tool electrode (300) and a workpiece (500), driving the tool electrode (300) to descend gradually by a spindle head (140) after the tool electrode (300) and the workpiece (500) are aligned, discharging electricity from the tool electrode (300) to corrode the side wall of a cavity of the workpiece (500), discharging working liquid from a water outlet hole (311), and flushing out an electric corrosion product by the working liquid;
step five: when the tool electrode (300) descends to the lowest position, the contour of the special-shaped groove (510) is subjected to electro-erosion machining, the tool electrode (300) is adjusted to rotate around the center line of the tool electrode intermittently, the groove wall of the special-shaped groove is subjected to electro-erosion by the tool electrode (300), the groove width of the special-shaped groove (510) is widened completely, the tool electrode (300) moves upwards to be separated from the workpiece (500), and the workpiece (500) is taken down.
10. The method for processing the metal workpiece cavity profiled groove by the electric discharge machine tool for metal product inner cavity treatment according to claim 9, characterized in that: in the fifth step: in the process of widening the groove width of the special-shaped groove (510), firstly, the tool electrode (300) is adjusted to rotate around a central line in the forward direction by an angle which is recorded as theta n, namely, the tool electrode stops, one side surface of a fin part (320) of the tool electrode (300) is closer to the corresponding side groove wall of the special-shaped groove (510), a discharge gap is reserved between the tool electrode and the groove wall, the tool electrode (300) is subjected to discharge electroerosion, the duration time of the discharge electroerosion is recorded as t, after the discharge is finished, the tool electrode (300) is adjusted to rotate in the original position in a rotating mode, then the tool electrode stops, the tool electrode (300) is subjected to discharge electroerosion and lasts for t time, the groove wall of the other side is subjected to electroerosion machining, the steps are repeated until the m is repeated, and m is a positive integer, so that the groove width of the special-shaped groove (510) can be widened to a preset size.
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