CN111138974A - 超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂料及制备方法 - Google Patents
超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂料及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111138974A CN111138974A CN202010008026.6A CN202010008026A CN111138974A CN 111138974 A CN111138974 A CN 111138974A CN 202010008026 A CN202010008026 A CN 202010008026A CN 111138974 A CN111138974 A CN 111138974A
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Abstract
本发明涉及海洋防污涂料技术,旨在提供一种超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂料及制备方法。该涂料为三液型产品,主漆由含至少两个缩合反应性基团的有机聚硅氧烷、填料、二甲苯溶剂混合而成;交联固化剂由超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯、有机硅烷(可与主漆树脂缩合反应性基团发生缩合反应)及其部分水解产物、二甲苯溶剂混合而成;固化促进剂由硅烷偶联剂、有机锡催化剂和二甲苯溶剂混合而成;本发明能增强聚硅氧烷低表面能防污面漆涂层对环氧底漆的粘附性,具有耐淡水性优良、耐盐碱腐蚀、在室温下长时间稳定存在的优点,符合环保要求,应用成本低;具有较好的流变性能和成膜性,进而有较好的施工性;合成方法相对简单,便于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种海洋防污涂料技术,尤其涉及直接用于环氧树脂类防腐涂膜表面的超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂料及制备方法。在污损释放涂层中不采用连接涂层(link coat)或粘接涂层(tie coat)。所述组合涂层体系包含可固化或可交联的聚硅氧烷低表面能防污面漆和硅烷封端的聚氨酯,并涉及所述用于增强聚硅氧烷低表面能涂层与环氧防腐底漆粘接性能的超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯的制备方法和所述超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国陆地海岸线长达1.8万多公里,从北到南海洋环境复杂多变,船舶在海洋环境中航行时,船体部分由于长期浸泡在海水中,所以容易受到海洋生物的污损。据统计,全世界已发现的海洋污损生物有4000~5000种,而中国沿岸已记录的就有650种之多。海洋污损生物种类之多,分布范围之广,使得浸入海水中的轮船、海上钻井、勘探设备、码头、水产养殖笼等人工设施表面更容易,给人类的生产和生活造成了很大影响,带来了巨大经济损失。解决海洋生物污损问题的手段有机械清理,水下清理,涂覆海洋防污涂料等,其中最简单也是最有效的方法就是涂覆海洋防污涂料。
从海洋防污涂料的发展历史来看,原先采用的多为通过释放杀菌剂对海洋生物进行毒杀,其中以三丁基锡自抛光涂料效果最好。然而由于有机锡防污剂能在水中稳定积累,海洋生物体摄入会引发畸形,并可能进入食物链,因此国际海事组织已于2008年1月起禁止全球范围内使用有机锡防污涂料。随着人们对海洋环境的日益重视,作为有机锡替代品的低毒性亚铜防污涂料因对海洋环境有危害而被部分禁止使用。目前市场需要无毒、环保的新型海洋防污涂料,低表面能防污涂料就是其中重要的一类。
低表面能海洋防污涂料主要指有机硅和有机氟防污涂料,利用硅氟的低表面能,海洋生物难以在涂层表面附着,即使附着也不牢固,在水流或其他外力作用下容易脱落。然而正是低表面能防污涂层与其接触界面粘附力较小的原因,低表面能防污涂层与其涂覆的基材往往无法达到良好的涂覆和应用效果。为了解决低表面能防污涂层与基材粘附性差的缺点,需要对聚硅氧烷低表面能防污涂层配方进行优化,引入一种超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯,增强低表面能防污涂层与基材的粘接强度,使环氧底漆和低表面能防污漆形成良好的配套体系,达到长效且稳定的防污效果。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,克服现有技术的不足,提供一种超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂料及制备方法
为解决技术问题,本发明的解决方案是:
提供一种超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂料,该涂料为三液型产品,包括主漆、交联固化剂和固化促进剂三种液相组分;其中,
主漆由40-60重量份的含至少两个缩合反应性基团的有机聚硅氧烷、5-20重量份的填料、5-25重量份的二甲苯溶剂混合而成;交联固化剂由1-10重量份的超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯、5-10重量份的有机硅烷(可与主漆树脂缩合反应性基团发生缩合反应)及其部分水解产物、5-10重量份的二甲苯溶剂混合而成;固化促进剂由0.1-2重量份的硅烷偶联剂、0.5-1.5重量份的有机锡催化剂和7-9重量份的二甲苯溶剂混合而成;
超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯分子式具有如下的Y字形分子式,如式(1)所示;且每个分支的结构均相同,如式(2)所示:
式(1)中,每个分支的结构均相同,具体如式(2)所示:
式(1)中的聚氨酯软段是指重均分子量500或1000的羟基封端聚硅氧烷,或者是重均分子量500或1000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇。
本发明中,所述有机聚硅氧烷的重均分子量介于8000-50000。
本发明中,所述填料是气相二氧化硅或钛白粉。
本发明还提供了前述超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯
以重均分子量500或1000的羟基封端聚硅氧烷和重均分子量500或1000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇作为聚氨酯软段,按摩尔比2:1~1:2取羟基封端聚硅氧烷和聚四氢呋喃醚二醇,混合均匀;然后与聚氨酯硬段共混,聚氨酯硬段是异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或两种,控制NCO:OH=1.8:1到2.5:1;再加入有机锡或有机铋催化剂,催化剂的重量为聚氨酯软段和聚氨酯硬段总重量的0.2%,在85℃下反应5小时;加入三羟甲基丙烷扩链剂,控制加入扩链剂的量为聚氨酯软段摩尔数的三分之一;反应3小时后,加入与聚氨酯硬段摩尔数相同的含硅氧烷的封端剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550),继续反应3小时,制得超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯,备用;
(2)制备主漆组分
向空的搅拌装置中加入40-60重量份的重均分子量介于8000-50000的含至少两个缩合反应性基团的有机聚硅氧烷、5-20重量份的气相二氧化硅或钛白粉填料和5-25重量份的二甲苯溶剂,充分混合均匀得到主漆;
(3)制备交联固化剂组分
向空的搅拌装置中加入1-10重量份的超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯、5-10重量份的有机硅烷及其部分水解产物和5-10重量份的二甲苯溶剂,充分混合均匀得到交联固化剂;
(4)制备固化促进剂组分
向空的搅拌装置中加入0.1-2重量份的硅烷偶联剂、0.5-1.5重量份的有机锡催化剂和7-9重量份的二甲苯溶剂,充分混合均匀得到固化促进剂。
本发明进一步提供了前述超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂料的使用方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将待涂覆基材表面清洁干净,按常规方法喷涂环氧防腐底漆;
(2)按1:1:1的重量比取主漆、交联固化剂和固化剂促进剂,一并加入搅拌装置中充分混合均匀;
(3)将混合物以空气喷涂的方式均匀涂覆在环氧防腐底漆层的表面,涂覆厚度为50-560μm;在通风干燥的室温环境下干燥48小时,形成与环氧防腐底漆粘接性良好的污损释放组合物涂膜。
本发明中作为可替代的方案,列举如下:
聚硅氧烷软段可以是硅烷醇封端、或羟丙基封端、或可水解为硅烷醇封端的聚硅氧烷。更优选地,所述可固化或者可交联的聚硅氧烷是羟丙基封端的二甲基聚硅氧烷、或可硅烷醇封端的二甲基聚硅氧烷。进一步优选羟丙基封端的二甲基聚硅氧烷。
理想地,所述聚硅氧烷具有通式(I):
式(I)中,每个R1独立地选自氢或甲基;5<m<45,重均分子量300-3000;且进一步优选重均分子量500或1000;
含羟基的聚醚软段可以采用聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、聚丙二醇或聚乙二醇,重均分子量为200-1500,进一步优选为重均分子量为500或1000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇;
聚氨酯硬段可以采用的异氰酸酯选自异佛尔酮异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种;进一步优选异佛尔酮异氰酸酯或二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或两种;
异氰酸酯的基团NCO与含羟基聚氨酯软段中的羟基基团OH的摩尔比为1.8-2.5:1,优选为1.9-2.2:1;
聚氨酯合成过程和固化促进剂中采用的催化剂可选自二月桂酸二丁基锡、乙酰乙酸二丁基锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、二戊酸二丁基锡、有机铋中的一种或多种;进一步优选二月桂酸二丁基锡。
扩链剂可以选自三羟甲基丙烷、丙三醇、三甘醇中的一种或多种;进一步优选三羟甲基丙烷,且添加的扩链剂的摩尔数为聚氨酯软段摩尔数的三分之一。
含硅氧烷的封端剂为含氨基硅氧烷偶联剂,可以选自γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-540)、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)、双-(γ-三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺、N-苯基-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-苯基-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-丁基-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-丁基-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-乙基-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷和N-乙基-3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或多种;进一步优选γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550);
合适的有机溶剂和稀释剂的实例包括芳烃,例如甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯;脂族烃,例如石油溶剂油;醇,例如1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、4-羟基甲基丙基乙醚和丁醇;酮,例如2,4-戊二酮、4-甲基-2-戊酮、5-甲基-2-己酮、环己酮;酯类,例如乙酸丁酯,以及它们的混合物。进一步地,溶剂优选二甲苯。
主漆中包含填料,可选云母粉、炭黑、钛白粉、研磨二氧化硅、重质碳酸钙、滑石粉、粘土以及硫酸钡中的一种或几种。主漆中还可包含触变剂和颜料,触变剂包括炭黑(包括白炭黑等)、纳米碳酸钙、有机膨润土、氢化蓖麻油以及聚酰胺蜡中的至少一种;颜料包括二氧化钛、氧化铁、炭黑、灯黑、铁蓝、酞菁蓝、钴蓝、群青蓝和酞菁绿等。
有机硅烷包括硅酸四甲酯、原硅酸四乙酯等,进一步优选原硅酸四乙酯。
在以环氧防腐蚀底漆作为施涂对象的情况下,固化促进剂中采用的所述硅烷偶联剂的实例包括3-环氧丙氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-苯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-苯基丙基三乙氧基硅烷等。进一步优选为3-环氧丙氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷。
本发明所述的固化性有机聚硅氧烷组合物为3种液相分别独立包装。但在短期保存的条件下,可进一步将固化剂组分与固化促进剂组分进一步以1:1混合后包装,使用时将其与主漆组分混合后使用。
本发明中“烷基”旨在涵盖直链或支链的烷基两者,诸如甲基、乙基、异丙基、丙基、丁基和叔丁基。环烷基包括环己基和取代的环己基。
发明原理描述:
海工装备固体表面污损的初期阶段是形成基膜(conditioning film)的阶段,表面吸附一层主要由蛋白质、多糖等组成的有机物,形成基膜又称条件膜;然后很短的时间内细菌、硅藻等微生在基膜上附着并分泌胞外代谢产物(EPS)形成生物膜(biofilm)或粘膜(slime);然后其他原核生物、真菌、藻类孢子以及大型污损生物幼虫在膜中发育成长,最终形成复杂的大型污损生物层(macrofoulers)。
低表面能涂层表面由于其低表面能特性,使海洋生物污损难以附着,即使附着也不牢固,在水流或其他外力作用下容易脱落。然而正是低表面能防污涂层与其接触界面粘附力较小的原因,低表面能防污涂层与其涂覆的基材往往无法达到良好的涂覆和应用效果。为了解决低表面能防污涂层与基材粘附性差的缺点,需要对聚硅氧烷低表面能防污涂层配方进行优化,引入一种超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯,增强低表面能防污涂层与基材的粘接强度,使环氧底漆和低表面能防污漆形成良好的配套体系,达到长效且稳定的防污效果。
本发明具体来说是设计一种以聚硅氧烷与聚醚为软段并进行硅烷改性的树枝状或超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯聚合物树脂,并将所述超支化聚氨酯树脂配合至少两个缩合反应性基团的有机聚硅氧烷、二氧化硅或钛白粉等填料、有机硅烷及其部分水解产物、硅烷偶联剂、有机锡催化剂和溶剂形成一种固化性涂层。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明能适用于海洋防污涂料技术领域,所述的超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷低表面能防污涂层大大增加了聚硅氧烷低表面能防污面漆涂层对环氧底漆的粘附性,克服了基于聚硅氧烷低表面能防污面漆涂层在环氧底漆等基材上附着力差的问题,使之作为低表面能防污配套体系与海工装备涉及的基材形成结合强度优异、附着力高,且可应用于各类舰船、海洋工程装备与结构设施、海洋牧场养殖网具等。制成的连接涂层具有耐淡水性优良、耐盐碱腐蚀、施涂前能在室温下长时间稳定存在的优点,符合环保要求,应用成本低的特点。
2.通过将上述防污涂膜形成于基材表面,可以降低基材表面的表面能。这样的低表面能涂膜不易附着藤壶、硅藻、牡蛎等水生物。即使附着也容易通过海水水流冲刷的作用脱落,以发挥长效的防污效果。因此,本发明制备的防污涂层对于表面持续或间断与海水或淡水接触的基材、特别是水中结构物、各类舰船外板、海洋工程装备与结构设施、海洋牧场养殖网具等是有效的,并长时间维持水中结构物的功能。解决了市场现有聚硅氧烷低表面能防污涂层与环氧等基材表面附着力差易剥离脱落的导致其不能普及应用的弊端;
3.本发明创新性地将超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯聚合物(或树枝状聚氨酯大分子)引入聚硅氧烷防污涂层体系,选用聚硅氧烷与聚醚共同作为聚氨酯软段,与聚硅氧烷低表面能防污涂层具有良好的相容性,分子中大量的极性基团为连接涂层提供了极好的附着力,聚硅氧烷自身低表面能特性使其具有向表面排布使组合涂层从底漆到面漆实现聚硅氧烷含量的梯度变化,使环氧底漆与面漆具有更好的适配性;
4.聚醚与聚硅氧烷的共同引入,在保证连接涂料粘接性能的同时,还能提高面漆涂层意外破损后,涂层的耐盐碱水效果。
5.树枝状大分子本身不易发生大分子链的缠结,在分子量提高或涂料固含量提升时,仍能保持较低的粘度,具有较好的流变性能和成膜性,进而有较好的施工性。
6.设计的硅烷封端聚氨酯树脂合成方法相对简单,便于工业化生产,产品经济性较好发明得到的低表面能防污涂层与环氧基材不需要采用连接涂层(link coat)或粘接涂层(tie coat),进一步简化了涂层涂装的工序,提高了涂层舾装过程的工作效率。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例和比较例对发明作进一步详细说明。实施例可以使本专业的专业技术人员更全面地理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
一、超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯的制备
以重均分子量500或1000的羟基封端聚硅氧烷和重均分子量500或1000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇作为聚氨酯软段,按摩尔比2:1~1:2取羟基封端聚硅氧烷和聚四氢呋喃醚二醇,混合均匀;然后与聚氨酯硬段共混,聚氨酯硬段是异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或两种,控制异氰酸酯的基团NCO与含羟基聚氨酯软段中的羟基基团OH的摩尔比为1.8-2.5:1;再加入有机锡或有机铋催化剂,催化剂的重量为聚氨酯软段和聚氨酯硬段总重量的0.2%,在85℃下反应5小时;加入三羟甲基丙烷扩链剂,控制加入扩链剂的量为聚氨酯软段摩尔数的三分之一;反应3小时后,加入与聚氨酯硬段摩尔数相同的含硅氧烷的封端剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550),继续反应3小时,制得超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯,备用。
本发明通过3个实施例(实施例a、b、c)表述超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯的制备方法,并将其应用在后续的固化性有机聚硅氧烷防污组合物实施例中。
各实施例a、b、c的试验数据见下表1。
表1超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯的制备实施例的部分数据
二、超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂料的制备
(1)制备主漆组分
向空的搅拌装置中加入40-60重量份的重均分子量介于8000-50000的含至少两个缩合反应性基团的有机聚硅氧烷、5-20重量份的气相二氧化硅或钛白粉填料和5-25重量份的二甲苯溶剂,充分混合均匀得到主漆;
(2)制备交联固化剂组分
向空的搅拌装置中加入1-10重量份的超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯、5-10重量份的有机硅烷及其部分水解产物和5-10重量份的二甲苯溶剂,充分混合均匀得到交联固化剂;
(3)制备固化促进剂组分
向空的搅拌装置中加入0.1-2重量份的硅烷偶联剂、0.5-1.5重量份的有机锡催化剂和7-9重量份的二甲苯溶剂,充分混合均匀得到固化促进剂。
本发明分别通过5个实施例制成由表2组成配比的主漆成分、固化剂成分和固化剂促进剂成分,并得到3液独立分装型产品。
超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂料的使用方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将待涂覆基材表面清洁干净,按常规方法喷涂环氧防腐底漆;
(2)按1:1:1的重量比取主漆、交联固化剂和固化剂促进剂,一并加入搅拌装置中充分混合均匀;
(3)将混合物以空气喷涂的方式均匀涂覆在环氧防腐底漆层的表面,涂覆厚度为50-560μm(涂装参数见表3);在通风干燥的室温环境下干燥48小时,形成与环氧防腐底漆粘接性良好的污损释放组合物涂膜。
表2超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂层配比组成
技术效果验证
对于使用上述超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂料得到的涂层,进行下述胶带剥离试验、涂膜抗冲击性能试验、耐盐水测试、自清洁测试与浅海抑菌防污测试。这些结果在表3中记载。
表3超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂层涂装厚度与试验结果
[试验例]
(划格胶带剥离试验)
涂层附着力是指漆膜与被涂基材表面之间或涂层之间相互结合的能力。附着力是一项重要的技术指标,是漆膜具备一系列性能的前提。涂层结合良好,不易损坏、脱落,才能够在耐外界磨损的同时对基材起到良好的防污和保护作用。
对25mm×75mm×1mm的载玻片彻底地用乙醇进行清洗,完全晾干后,使用喷笔在常温下涂装上述实施例1~5中制成的聚硅氧烷防污漆连接涂层,使其干燥24小时。
在涂层样板上用多刃刀具画出间距为1mm×1mm的格阵图形,每边的划痕应为6条或11条,再用毛刷刷去切屑。本操作中,多刃刀具划痕应以穿透涂膜为度。将胶带立即粘贴在涂膜划痕上,用笔头橡皮或细布平压、压牢。将胶带快速地从涂膜上撕下,用放大镜观察划痕上漆膜损伤情况。对附着力进行定级,如下。
Ⅰ级:涂膜完全不脱落
Ⅱ级:涂膜脱落不超过10%
Ⅲ级:涂膜脱落不超过25%
Ⅳ级:涂膜脱落不超过50%
Ⅴ级:涂膜超过50%脱落
(涂膜抗冲击性能)
利用重物从高处落下,冲击漆膜,以测定漆膜的耐冲击强度,以重量与其落于样板上而不引起漆膜破坏之最大高度的冲击(Kg·cm)表示。根据GB/T1732-93《漆膜耐冲击测定法》进行评价。
(耐盐水测试)
涂层的耐盐水性能是漆膜基本耐候性之一。连接涂层在面漆破坏后会暴露在海水中,若涂层不具备良好的耐盐水性,面漆破损处会进一步脱落。通过耐盐水测试可以判断在一定浓度的氯化钠溶液中涂层能否起到对基材的基本保护作用。
将上述样板在23℃的人工海水中浸泡1000小时,对其漆膜表面形貌进行评价。
(自清洁测试)
在样板表面均匀铺满由纳米二氧化钛与十六烷调制的糊状物,水滴滴在被污染的样品表面,倾斜角20°,模拟其自然条件下雨水冲刷条件下涂层的自清洁性能。
优异:涂膜表面自清洁完全
优良:涂膜表面有极少污损物
一般:涂膜表面有明显的污损物
(浅海抑菌防污测试)
对涂层抑菌防污性能进行测试。测试方法参照国标GB/T 5370-2007《防污漆样板浅海浸泡试验方法》进行。所用基材为3mm厚、尺寸为350mm×250mm的低碳钢板,预先涂装环氧防腐底漆。浅海浸泡周期为1个月。
Ⅰ级:确认附着极薄的粘液,但未确认动物种的附着
Ⅱ级:确认附着粘液,但未确认动物种的附着
Ⅲ级:确认附着厚的粘液,但未确认动物种的附着
Ⅳ级:确认动物种的污损
Ⅴ级:涂膜整体确认动物种的附着
本发明已在本文中详细描述并在实施例部分以举例方式说明了本发明的具体实施方案,但本发明还可作出各种修改方案和替代形式。不过应当理解,本文并不意在将本发明局限于所公开的具体形式。相反,本发明涵盖落入由所附权利要求限定的本发明的实质和范围内的所有修改方案、等同方案和替代方案。
Claims (5)
1.一种超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂料,其特征在于,该涂料包括主漆、交联固化剂和固化促进剂三种液相组分;其中,
主漆由40-60重量份的含至少两个缩合反应性基团的有机聚硅氧烷、5-20重量份的填料、5-25重量份的二甲苯溶剂混合而成;交联固化剂由1-10重量份的超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯、5-10重量份的有机硅烷及其部分水解产物、5-10重量份的二甲苯溶剂混合而成;固化促进剂由0.1-2重量份的硅烷偶联剂、0.5-1.5重量份的有机锡催化剂和7-9重量份的二甲苯溶剂混合而成;
超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯分子式具有如下的Y字形分子式,如式(1)所示;且每个分支的结构均相同,如式(2)所示:
式(1)中,每个分支的结构均相同,具体如式(2)所示:
式(1)中的聚氨酯软段是指重均分子量500或1000的羟基封端聚硅氧烷,或者是重均分子量500或1000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂料,其特征在于,所述有机聚硅氧烷的重均分子量介于8000-50000。
3.根据权利要求1所述的超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂料,其特征在于,所述填料是气相二氧化硅或钛白粉。
4.权利要求1所述超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯
以重均分子量500或1000的羟基封端聚硅氧烷和重均分子量500或1000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇作为聚氨酯软段,按摩尔比2:1~1:2取羟基封端聚硅氧烷和聚四氢呋喃醚二醇,混合均匀;然后与聚氨酯硬段共混,聚氨酯硬段是异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或两种,控制异氰酸酯的基团NCO与含羟基聚氨酯软段中的羟基基团OH的摩尔比为1.8-2.5:1;再加入有机锡或有机铋催化剂,催化剂的重量为聚氨酯软段和聚氨酯硬段总重量的0.2%,在85℃下反应5小时;加入三羟甲基丙烷扩链剂,控制加入扩链剂的量为聚氨酯软段摩尔数的三分之一;反应3小时后,加入与聚氨酯硬段摩尔数相同的含硅氧烷的封端剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,继续反应3小时,制得超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯,备用;
(2)制备主漆组分
向空的搅拌装置中加入40-60重量份的重均分子量介于8000-50000的含至少两个缩合反应性基团的有机聚硅氧烷、5-20重量份的气相二氧化硅或钛白粉填料和5-25重量份的二甲苯溶剂,充分混合均匀得到主漆;
(3)制备交联固化剂组分
向空的搅拌装置中加入1-10重量份的超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯、5-10重量份的有机硅烷及其部分水解产物和5-10重量份的二甲苯溶剂,充分混合均匀得到交联固化剂;
(4)制备固化促进剂组分
向空的搅拌装置中加入0.1-2重量份的硅烷偶联剂、0.5-1.5重量份的有机锡催化剂和7-9重量份的二甲苯溶剂,充分混合均匀得到固化促进剂。
5.权利要求1至3所述超支化硅烷改性聚氨酯复合聚硅氧烷防污涂料的使用方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将待涂覆基材表面清洁干净,按常规方法喷涂环氧防腐底漆;
(2)按1:1:1的重量比取主漆、交联固化剂和固化剂促进剂,一并加入搅拌装置中充分混合均匀;
(3)将混合物以空气喷涂的方式均匀涂覆在环氧防腐底漆层的表面,涂覆厚度为50-560μm;在通风干燥的室温环境下干燥48小时,形成与环氧防腐底漆粘接性良好的污损释放组合物涂膜。
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