CN111134046B - Hatching illumination device, incubator and hatching illumination design method - Google Patents
Hatching illumination device, incubator and hatching illumination design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111134046B CN111134046B CN202010009143.4A CN202010009143A CN111134046B CN 111134046 B CN111134046 B CN 111134046B CN 202010009143 A CN202010009143 A CN 202010009143A CN 111134046 B CN111134046 B CN 111134046B
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- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 62
- 241001465382 Physalis alkekengi Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003837 chick embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K41/00—Incubators for poultry
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hatching illumination device, a hatcher and a hatching illumination design method, which are characterized in that the device comprises: the hatching trolley illuminating devices are arranged above the egg layer surface of each layer of egg rack in the hatching trolley in parallel and can turn over along with the turning over of the egg rack; the two lighting devices of the hatching car are respectively arranged on two sides of the hatching car in parallel, and each lighting device of the hatching car is hung through a roller shutter. The invention realizes a hatching illumination scheme of reasonably giving light in the incubator, and solves the problems of poor uniformity of traditional commercial dark hatching, difficult installation of the conventional illumination device with high-density hatching scale and poor illumination uniformity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an incubation lighting device for realizing reasonable light supply in an incubator, the incubator and an incubation lighting design method, and relates to the technical field of livestock breeding.
Background
Hatching is a precondition and a basic condition for poultry cultivation, and the quality of hatching is directly related to the later production performance and performance. The proper hatching conditions are set by simulating the external environment of hatching eggs in a natural hatching state, the hatching eggs can be stimulated by light to a certain degree in the natural hatching environment, and researches show that the stimulation of the light given in the hatching stage is beneficial to the development of chick embryos, the concentrated hatching of chicks is promoted, the quality of chick seedlings is improved, the stress resistance and the improvement of the production performance of poultry in the later period are facilitated, so that the light is an indispensable factor in the hatching process of the poultry eggs.
However, the light source is arranged on two sides of the hatching equipment for supplying light in the existing research, which is not suitable for high-density commercial hatching, the method can only meet the light requirement of few eggs on two sides of the hatching equipment, most eggs in the middle can not be illuminated, and the method is convenient to install but has poor practicability.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an incubation illumination device, an incubator, and an incubation illumination design method, which can achieve reasonable light supply of eggs during incubation and achieve light environment regulation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides an incubation lighting device, the device comprising:
the hatching trolley illuminating devices are arranged above the egg layer surface of each layer of egg rack in the hatching trolley in parallel and can turn over along with the turning over of the egg rack;
the two lighting devices of the hatching car are respectively arranged on two sides of the hatching car in parallel, and each lighting device of the hatching car is hung through a roller shutter.
In some embodiments of the invention, each lighting device of the hatching vehicle comprises a plurality of transversely parallel LED light bars which are sequentially connected in series through electric wires, each LED light bar comprises a plurality of lamp beads arranged at intervals, and lamp connecting wires with male and female heads are arranged at two end parts of the whole LED light bar.
In some embodiments of the present invention, each of the lighting devices of the hatching vehicle includes four LED light bars, and a distance between two adjacent LED light bars does not exceed 8 cm.
In some embodiments of the invention, each lighting device of the hatching car comprises a plurality of LED light bars and a lamp protection rod which are connected in parallel through electric wires, each LED light bar comprises a plurality of lamp beads which are arranged at intervals, each lamp protection rod is connected with the top of the corresponding hatching compartment through a detachable chain buckle, each lamp protection rod and the plurality of LED light bars are longitudinally arranged at intervals in parallel and are fixedly connected through chains to form a roller shutter structure, one end of each LED light bar is connected in parallel through a lamp connecting wire with a male head and a female head, and each LED light bar corresponds to the corresponding hatching basket of the hatching car.
In some embodiments of the present invention, each LED light bar includes 230 light beads, and the distance between two adjacent light beads is 5 mm.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides an incubator comprising 13 egg racks, 15 hatching baskets and an incubation lighting device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the spacing between adjacent egg racks being 124mm and the spacing between adjacent hatching baskets being 105 mm.
In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a hatching illumination design method, including the steps of:
measuring the size information of the hatching room or the hatching room and modeling on illumination simulation software;
designing lamp selection, installation positions and quantity of the lighting devices of the hatching vehicle or the lighting devices of the hatching vehicle to perform illumination simulation;
arranging a surface receiver on the surface of the egg, setting the total number of light rays to track the light rays, and performing illumination simulation to obtain illumination distribution data of the surface layer of the egg;
comprehensively considering the hatching illumination scheme suitable for reasonably giving light in the incubator, and screening out the scheme meeting the requirement for illumination.
Further, the illumination simulation software employs Light Tools optical modeling software.
Furthermore, the illumination range meeting the requirements is that the area of the egg-level illumination satisfying the ideal illumination range is more than 70%, the ideal illumination range is 150-.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following characteristics:
1. according to the invention, Light Tools optical modeling software is utilized to carry out a large amount of illumination simulation work in the scheme design process, unsatisfactory schemes are eliminated one by one, and finally the lighting device capable of reasonably supplying Light in the incubator is obtained;
2. according to the structure of hatching and hatching in a commercial hatching mode, the design of a lighting scheme capable of reasonably giving light in the incubator is carried out, and two sets of lighting devices matched with the hatching and the hatching are designed, so that the eggs are effectively illuminated and stimulated from the hatching to the hatching, the light energy and lighting equipment are reasonably utilized to the maximum extent, and the practicability of the conventional commercial hatching is high;
3. the invention realizes a hatching illumination scheme of reasonably giving light in the incubator, and solves the problems of poor uniformity of traditional commercial dark hatching, difficult installation of the conventional illumination device with high-density hatching scale and poor illumination uniformity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an illumination device of an incubation vehicle according to a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a lighting device of a hatchling cart according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the fitting between the simulated illumination values and the measured illumination values at different positions according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures are: 1. the hatching vehicle comprises a lighting device 11, LED lamp strips 12 and a lamp connecting line; 2. the lighting device of the hatching car comprises 21 a LED lamp bar, 22 a lamp protection rod, 23 a chain, 24 and a lamp connecting line.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention designs and realizes an incubation lighting device in an incubator based on the existing effective illumination system which meets the incubation requirement, and comprises lamp selection and arrangement, illumination simulation design and verification in the lighting device which can realize reasonable light supply for eggs in an incubation vehicle and a hatching vehicle, wherein the effective illumination system is 6:00-10:00, 150-250 Clx; 10:00-11:00, 1500-2500 Clx; 11:00-18:00, 150-250 Clx; 18:00-6:00, 0 Clx.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the hatching illumination apparatus provided in the present embodiment includes:
the hatching trolley comprises a plurality of hatching trolley lighting devices 1, wherein each hatching trolley lighting device 1 is fixedly arranged above the egg layer surface of each layer of egg rack in the hatching trolley, and each hatching trolley lighting device 1 is parallel to the corresponding egg layer surface and can turn over along with the turning over of the egg rack;
two car lighting device 2 that hatches, two car lighting device 2 that hatches are the equal parallel fixed setting in the car both sides that hatches, and each car lighting device that hatches hangs the setting through rolling up the curtain.
Further, each lighting device 1 of the hatching vehicle comprises four LED lamp strips 11 which are connected in series through electric wires and arranged in parallel at intervals, each LED lamp strip comprises a plurality of lamp beads, and two ends of each LED lamp strip 11 are provided with lamp connecting wires 12 with male and female heads. Preferably, each LED light bar of this embodiment includes 230 light beads, an interval between two adjacent light beads is 5mm, and an interval between two adjacent LED light bars 11 is not more than 8cm, which is taken as an example and not limited thereto.
Further, the hatchling car both sides parallel arrangement hatchling car lighting device 2, each hatchling car lighting device 2 includes a plurality of LED lamp strips 21 and the lamps and lanterns fender rod 22 of parallel connection, each lamps and lanterns fender rod 22 adopts detachable chain 23 with the corresponding roof portion of hatchling to be connected, lamps and lanterns fender rod 22 and a plurality of LED lamp strips 21 vertical interval parallel arrangement just all form the book curtain structure through chain 23 fixed connection, all LED lamp strips 21 all connect in parallel to the thread through the lamps and lanterns connecting wire 24 of the area public female head of one end. Wherein, each LED lamp strip 21 corresponds to the corresponding hatching basket of the hatching car. Preferably, the number of the LED light bars of each hatchling car lighting device may be 15, the size of the LED light bars is 1160mm by 20mm by 10mm, the distance between adjacent LED light bars is 105mm, and the distance between each hatchling car lighting device 2 and the hatchling basket is 0-3cm, for example and without limitation.
Further, the main peak of the lamp bead in the LED lamp strip is 525nm, the wavelength can be 515-535nm, and the light-emitting angle is 120 degrees.
It should be noted that, for better illumination effect and convenient use, the length of the lighting device 1 corresponding to the hatching vehicle is not more than the length of the hatching vehicle, the width of the hatching vehicle is not more than one fourth of the width of the row of hatching vehicles, and the thickness of the hatching vehicle is not more than 10 mm; the lighting device 2 of the hatching car corresponding to the hatching car does not exceed the length of the hatching blue, the width of the hatching car does not exceed 105mm, and the thickness of the hatching car does not exceed 10 mm.
Example two
Light Tools (8.4) optical modeling software is an existing optical modeling tool, can realize simple modeling of incubation equipment and an illumination system, and simulates the illumination distribution condition of an actual Light irradiation surface through a ray tracing tool, so that a theoretical basis is provided for preliminary design and feasibility analysis of the illumination system, and the design efficiency is improved.
Considering the high density of commercial hatcheries, the number of layers of a single hatching car is 15, with the layer spacing of 107mm, and the number of layers of a single hatching car is 15, with the layer spacing of 105 mm. The modeling simulation is not practical according to the real condition, so that the illumination conditions of eggs on all layers can be represented by performing simulation analysis on the illumination of three layers of eggs of the hatching car and the hatching car according to the light-emitting angle of the LED lamp, the distance between the LED lamp and the adjacent rows of the hatching car and the egg layer surface, and the distance between the LED lamp and the two sides of the hatching car and the egg layer surface.
In order to verify the reliability of the simulation data, as shown in fig. 3, the data at 73 different sites modeled by Light Tools optical modeling software are compared and analyzed, and it is found that the degree of fitting between the simulation value and the measured value is high and has a certain linear relationship, and the measured data are shown in table 1.
Table 1: egg surface illumination simulation value and actual measurement value at different sites
Through data analysis and comparison between the simulated value and the real value, the linear relation between the simulated value and the real value is as follows: y (measured value) 1.0625X (simulated value) +21.608, R20.8765. Therefore, Light Tools optical modeling software can provide a theoretical basis for the preliminary design and feasibility analysis of the illumination system.
The illumination design that the egg rationally gives Light can be realized among the hatch to this embodiment, models and the illumination simulation through Light Tools optical modeling software, screens out the scheme that can be better applied to commercial hatching among the simulation scheme through result analysis, and the hatch egg rationally gives the illumination design method of Light that this embodiment provided, the step is as follows:
1) opening Light Tools optical modeling software to set system related parameters;
2) according to the design scheme, modeling is carried out on measurement of relevant sizes of the hatching trolley, and the size and the position of the model are determined according to the sizes and the coordinates;
3) adding the LED light source required in the scheme setting into the model, setting a light-emitting angle, a light-emitting surface, a wavelength and luminous flux, and determining the size and the position of the LED light source according to the size and the coordinates;
4) adding a surface receiver on the surface of the egg, setting the total number of light rays for light ray tracing, and then performing illumination simulation;
5) and (4) obtaining an illumination distribution diagram by clicking analysis, illumination display and grating diagram, and then obtaining illumination distribution data of the egg surface layer by setting the grid size.
6) Analyzing the illumination distribution conditions under different schemes, gradually eliminating the design scheme with unsatisfactory illumination distribution, and finally determining the design scheme of the incubation illumination system capable of reasonably providing light in the incubator, wherein the ideal illumination range is 150-250Clx at low illumination and 1500-2500Clx at high illumination, and the ideal scheme is that the area of the egg level illumination satisfying the ideal illumination range is more than 70%.
At present, each hatching vehicle in a commercial incubator is equally divided into three rows in the width direction, each row is divided into 15 layers, the clear distance between each two layers of egg racks is 107mm when the hatching vehicles are not turned over, and the remaining distance between the two layers of eggs after the hatching vehicles are placed is only 2-3cm, so that the scheme of the lighting system in the hatching chamber is designed in such a way that an LED lamp is arranged above each layer of eggs in the hatching vehicle and is parallel to the layer surface of the eggs, the hatching vehicles are turned over along with the turning of the egg racks, the number of the layers of the hatching vehicles is reduced from the original fifteen layers to the thirteen layers after illumination simulation, namely, the layer interval is increased from 107mm to 124mm, the installation space of the lamp can be ensured, a proper distance can be reserved between the lamp and the eggs, the number of the lamps arranged above each layer of eggs is four, and when the lamp interval is 8cm, the relatively reasonable light supply of the eggs in the hatching chamber can be realized. In consideration of the convenience of installation of each layer of lamps, each layer of lamps of the hatching vehicle is designed into a set of lighting devices, as shown in figure 1, the size of the lighting device 1 of the hatching vehicle is consistent with that of each layer of the hatching vehicle, each set of lighting devices is provided with 4 LED lamps (1160mm x 20mm x 10mm), the lamps are connected through connecting wires with male and female heads, and the distance between the lamps is 8 cm.
The hatching chamber illumination simulation surface grid is set to be 60 × 32 subareas, totally 1920 grids, one transverse grid represents 2cm, one longitudinal grid represents 1cm, namely 120cm × 32cm egg surface layers, the simulation illumination data of corresponding egg positions of the egg surface layers of the hatching vehicle are obtained by averaging the corresponding areas, and in the illumination simulation data of 168 egg positions in the middle row and the two side rows of the hatching vehicle, the number of egg position sites meeting the requirement of effective illumination intensity (150 Clx-250 Clx) is 121, and the total bit point ratio is 72.0%. However, in the case of commercial high-density hatching, the hatching vehicle has three rows and the egg turning operation is performed every hour, so that the eggs in the most peripheral row receive the supplementary lighting of other rows of lamps every hour, and the eggs are in a relatively ideal illumination range. Overall, the arrangement of the lamps in the hatching chamber can realize reasonable light supply on the surface of the egg.
EXAMPLE III
The reasonable illumination design of giving Light of egg between hatching can be realized to this embodiment, and is similar with second process of embodiment, models and the illumination simulation through Light Tools optical modeling software, screens out the scheme that can be better applied to commercial hatching in the simulation scheme through result analysis, and the reasonable illumination design method of giving Light between hatching, the step is as follows:
1) opening Light Tools optical modeling software to set system related parameters;
2) modeling the measurement of the relevant dimension of the hatching trolley according to the design scheme, and determining the size and the position of the model according to the dimension and the coordinate;
3) adding the LED light source required in the scheme setting into the model, setting a light-emitting angle, a light-emitting surface, a wavelength and luminous flux, and determining the size and the position of the LED light source according to the size and the coordinates;
4) adding a surface receiver on the surface of the egg, setting the total number of light rays for light ray tracing, and then operating a program for illumination simulation;
5) and (4) obtaining an illumination distribution diagram by clicking analysis, illumination display and grating diagram, and then obtaining illumination distribution data of the egg surface layer by setting the grid size.
6) And analyzing the illumination distribution conditions under different schemes, gradually eliminating the design scheme with the non-ideal illumination distribution, and finally determining the design scheme of the incubation lighting system capable of reasonably supplying light in the incubator. Wherein, the ideal illuminance range is low illuminance 150-.
Six hatching vehicles which are arranged side by side can be accommodated in each of the existing commercial hatchlers, and the distance between the hatching vehicles is 100 mm. Because each hatching car has 16 hatching baskets to be placed in a laminated manner, and the hatching baskets need to be cleaned after hatching, the way of placing the lamps above each layer of eggs, namely the bottoms of the upper layers of the hatching baskets, is not adopted in the aspects of economy and operability. The lamps and lanterns side is arranged to usable car interval that hatches, respectively arranges one set of car lighting device 2 that hatches in the position 3cm apart from the car both sides that hatches, as shown in fig. 2, car lighting device 2 that hatches is the roller shutter suspension type, and one set of device has 15 LED lamps and lanterns (1160mm 20mm 10mm), between lamp and the lamp, between lamps and lanterns fender guard and the hatchling top between be connected with detachable chain link, the interval is 105mm between lamp and the lamp.
The hatching egg illumination simulation surface grid is set to be 63 × 34 partitions, 2142 grids are set, one transverse grid represents 2cm, one longitudinal grid represents 1cm, namely, the egg surface layer of 126cm × 34cm, the simulation illumination data of the surface of the hatching egg is obtained by averaging the corresponding areas, similar to the two embodiments, the effective illumination system is 150 Clx-250Clx, but due to the commercial high-density hatching condition, the illumination meets 100Clx-250Clx, namely, the acceptable illumination range in the commercial hatching process, in the simulation illumination data of 73 egg positions on the egg surface layer of the hatching egg, 53 egg positions which meet the illumination range account for 72.6 percent of total position, and the field illumination data is measured and analyzed according to the simulation related matters between the hatching eggs, so that the simulation degree of illumination at different positions is higher than the measured value.
Example four
The embodiment provides an incubator, can be the pearl-22 type incubator that commercial generally used, the number of piles of hatching car is 15 layers in the incubator of present stage, combine egg layer illuminance demand and commercial acceptance to change the number of piles of current hatching car into 13 layers, interlamellar spacing is changed into 124mm by former 107mm, the fixed hatching car lighting device 1 that sets up embodiment one in egg layer top of each layer of egg frame of hatching car, the number of piles of the basket of hatching car is 15 layers, interlamellar spacing is 105mm, the fixed hatching car lighting device 2 that sets up embodiment one in both sides of hatching car.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope thereof, and although the present application is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: numerous variations, modifications, and equivalents will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present application and are within the scope of the claims appended hereto.
Claims (3)
1. A hatching illumination design method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
measuring the size information of the hatching room or the hatching room and modeling on illumination simulation software;
designing lamp selection, installation positions and quantity of the lighting devices of the hatching vehicle or the lighting devices of the hatching vehicle to perform illumination simulation;
arranging a surface receiver on the surface of the egg, setting the total number of light rays to track the light rays, and performing illumination simulation to obtain illumination distribution data of the surface layer of the egg;
comprehensively considering the incubation illumination scheme reasonably giving light in the incubator, screening out the scheme meeting the requirement for illumination, and determining the illumination design structures of the illumination device of the incubation vehicle and the illumination device of the hatching vehicle:
the number of the lighting devices of the hatching trolley is a plurality, and each lighting device of the hatching trolley is arranged above the egg layer surface of each layer of the egg rack in the hatching trolley in parallel and can turn over along with the turning over of the egg rack;
the number of the lighting devices of the two hatching vehicles is two, the two lighting devices of the two hatching vehicles are respectively arranged on two sides of the hatching vehicle in parallel, and each lighting device of the hatching vehicle is suspended and arranged through a roller shutter, each lighting device of the hatching vehicle comprises a plurality of LED lamp strips and lamp protection rods which are connected in parallel through electric wires, each LED lamp strip comprises a plurality of lamp beads arranged at intervals, each lamp protection rod is connected with the corresponding hatching compartment at the top through a detachable chain buckle, each lamp protection rod and the plurality of LED lamp strips are longitudinally arranged at intervals in parallel and sequentially form a roller shutter structure through chain fixed connection, each LED lamp strip is connected with one end of each LED lamp strip in parallel through a lamp connecting line with male and female heads, and each LED corresponds to a corresponding hatching basket of the hatching vehicle.
2. The hatching illumination design method of claim 1, wherein the illumination simulation software employs Light Tools optical modeling software.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the illumination range is more than 70% of the area where the egg-level illumination satisfies the ideal illumination range, the ideal illumination range is 150-250lx at low illumination and 1500-2500lx at high illumination.
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