CN111133867A

CN111133867A - Seeding and fertilizing dual-purpose seeder

Info

Publication number: CN111133867A
Application number: CN202010073435.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张书顺; 张希忠
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-01-22
Filing date: 2020-01-22
Publication date: 2020-05-12

Abstract

The straw sorting machine comprises a rack, wheels, a press wheel, a seeding mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a straw dispersing mechanism, a straw sorting piece, a worm and gear part, a first transmission chain and a second transmission chain; the wheels and the press wheels are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the rack, and the wheels are arranged at the two sides of the front end of the rack; a seeding mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism and a straw expanding mechanism are sequentially arranged on the rack along the direction of the wheels pointing to the press wheel; the straw dispersing mechanisms are uniformly distributed among the sowing mechanism, the fertilizing mechanism and the straw sorting piece; the press wheel is in transmission connection with the fertilizing mechanism through a worm and gear part; the fertilizing mechanism and the seeding mechanism are connected through a first transmission chain, and a second transmission chain is connected with the straw dispersing mechanism. The invention can uniformly spread seeds and chemical fertilizers on the land, greatly improves the efficiency of sowing and fertilizing, and also shifts the straws on the ground surface to a proper position to avoid influencing the germination of the seeds, thereby improving the germination rate of the seeds.

Description

Seeding and fertilizing dual-purpose seeder

Technical Field

The invention relates to a seeder, in particular to a seeder which can perform rotary tillage on soil and can perform seeding and fertilizing simultaneously, belonging to the technical field of agricultural seeding machinery.

Background

After crops such as corn and wheat are harvested, straws are left in the field; before operations such as seeding and fertilizing, the straws covered on the pre-seeding and fertilizing land need to be pulled apart, and then seeding and fertilizing are carried out on the ground surface; the currently used seeder only sprays seeds and chemical fertilizers underground, then covers soil and compacts, but does not clean the covered straws on the seeds, and the straws covered above the seeds can influence the emergence rate of the seeds; therefore, a seeding machine is needed, which can pull apart the straw covered on the seeding route while seeding and fertilizing, and avoid the influence on the seed emergence.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a sowing and fertilizing dual-purpose sowing machine which can not only clear straws above seeds, but also improve the sowing and fertilizing efficiency.

The problems of the invention are solved by the following technical scheme:

a sowing and fertilizing dual-purpose sowing machine comprises a machine frame, wheels, a press wheel, a sowing mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a straw dispersing mechanism, a straw sorting piece, a worm and gear part, a first transmission chain and a second transmission chain; the wheels and the press wheels are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the rack, and the wheels are arranged at the two sides of the front end of the rack; a seeding mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism and a straw expanding mechanism are sequentially arranged on the rack along the direction of the wheels pointing to the press wheel; the straw dispersing mechanisms are uniformly distributed among the sowing mechanism, the fertilizing mechanism and the straw sorting piece; the press wheel is in transmission connection with the fertilizing mechanism through a worm and gear part; the fertilizing mechanism and the sowing mechanism are connected through a first transmission chain; the second transmission chain is connected with the straw dispersing mechanism; the worm wheel and worm part is matched with the first transmission chain; the straw expanding mechanism comprises a code dividing disc, a supporting shaft, a connecting rod, a screw rod, a nut, a sleeve and a spring; one end of the connecting rod is connected with the supporting shaft, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the screw rod; the two support shafts on one end of the connecting rod form an obtuse angle with each other; the supporting shaft is connected with the code dividing discs in a shaft mode, and acute angles are formed among the code dividing discs; edges of the code dividing disc, which are acute angles, are 1-2cm apart; the outer surface of the code dividing disc is uniformly provided with a plurality of friction ribs along the outer circumference, and the straight line where the friction ribs are located penetrates through the circle center; the screw rod is sleeved with a spring and used for connecting the rod to absorb shock; the screw rod penetrates through a hole in the top end of the sleeve, and the part of the screw rod penetrating through the sleeve is connected with a nut.

In the sowing and fertilizing dual-purpose sowing machine, the connecting rod is additionally provided with the arc-shaped protective cover; the protective cover is in a duckbill arc shape; the arc-shaped protective cover is arranged above the code dividing disc; the projection area of the arc-shaped protective cover on the ground is larger than the projection area of the area surrounded by the supporting shaft and the code dividing disc on the ground.

The sowing mechanism comprises a first sowing pipe, a second sowing pipe, a first sowing drill foot, a second sowing drill foot and a seed box; the seed box is arranged on the rack; the first seeding drill foot and the second seeding drill foot are both arranged on the frame, and the position of the first seeding drill foot is closer to the wheel than the position of the second seeding drill foot; the bottom surface of the seed box is connected with a first seeding pipe and a second seeding pipe; the first seeding tube is connected with the first seeding drill leg, and the second seeding tube is connected with the second seeding drill leg.

The sowing and fertilizing dual-purpose sowing machine comprises a fertilizing mechanism and a fertilizing mechanism, wherein the fertilizing mechanism comprises a fertilizing pipe, a fertilizer storage hopper and fertilizing drill barrow feet; the fertilizer storage hopper and the fertilizing drill barrow foot are both arranged on the frame; one end of the fertilizing tube is connected with the bottom surface of the fertilizer storage hopper, and the other end of the fertilizing tube is connected with the fertilizing drill barrow foot.

According to the sowing and fertilizing dual-purpose sowing machine, the straw dispersing mechanism comprises a first straw dispersing piece, a second straw dispersing piece and a third straw dispersing piece; the first straw dispersion member is arranged between the first seeding drill foot and the wheels; the second straw dispersion member is arranged between the first seeding drill foot and the second seeding drill foot; the third straw dispersion member is disposed between the second seed plough foot and the fertilizer plough foot.

In the sowing and fertilizing dual-purpose sowing machine, the straw dispersing pieces of the straw dispersing mechanism are all composed of the rotating shaft and the shifting piece; two ends of the rotating shaft are arranged on the rack; the poking pieces are in multiple groups, and each group of poking pieces are positioned on the same radial plane of the rotating shaft; each group of the plectrum is 4 plectrums which are arranged in an equal circumference way.

In the sowing and fertilizing dual-purpose sowing machine, the first sowing pipe, the second sowing pipe and the fertilizing pipe are all provided with adjusting devices; the adjusting device comprises an eccentric cam, an elastic membrane, a bolt seat, a limiting column and a rotating shaft; the first sowing pipe, the second sowing pipe and the fertilizing pipe are provided with long through holes; the two ends of the rotating shaft are arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the long through hole, and the distance from the rotating shaft to the side end surface of the long through hole is greater than the minimum distance r from the rotating center hole to the outer circumference of the eccentric cam; the rotating center hole of the eccentric cam is coupled with the rotating shaft, and the eccentric cam is horizontally arranged and is orthogonal to the pipe wall of each sowing and fertilizing pipe; the pin seat is arranged above the long through hole; the eccentric cam is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed bolt through holes, and the circle centers of the bolt through holes are uniformly distributed on a circle which takes the rotary central hole as the circle center and takes the projection point of the circle center of the hole on the bolt seat on the eccentric cam and the circle center connecting line of the rotary central hole as the radius; the plurality of bolt through holes correspond to different discharging gears from large to small respectively; the bolt penetrates through the hole of the bolt seat and is inserted into the bolt through hole of the eccentric cam; the elastic membrane is arranged on the inner wall of the pipe and completely covers the long through hole; a limiting column is arranged on the inner wall of the pipe below the long through hole; the elastic membrane is provided with an oval through hole at the position below the long through hole; one end of the limiting column penetrates through the oval through hole to be fixed on the inner wall of the pipe, and the other end of the limiting column is provided with a stop block; the elastic membrane is matched with the eccentric cam.

The straw is effectively and uniformly spread on the cultivated land through the straw stacking piece and the straw dispersing piece; the straw sorting piece is arranged behind the sowing pipe and used for shifting the straws on the sowing route to two sides, so that the situation that the straws cover the seeds is avoided, the germination of the seeds is influenced, and the germination rate of the seeds is greatly improved; after reaping crops, can have a large amount of straws on the arable land, the distribution of these straws is not even, like this, has a great deal of defect, because the straw distributes unevenly, leads to some local straw thickness big, and some places do not have the straw, and straw thickness is big place is because moisture evaporation rate is slow, can produce certain moisturizing effect to ground, but ground does not have the place of straw, and moisture evaporates easily, and ground hardens easily, is unfavorable for the growth of wheat.

In addition, the invention is also provided with an adjusting device which can adjust the sowing amount of the seeds and the chemical fertilizer, ensure that the seeds and the chemical fertilizer can be uniformly sown on the cultivated land in the sowing process, and avoid waste.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the straw stacking member of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an adjusting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a front view of the eccentric cam of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the elastic membrane of the present invention.

The list of labels in the figure is: 1. the device comprises a frame, 2 wheels, 3 press wheels, 4 straw sorting parts, 4-1 sorting discs, 4-2 supporting shafts, 4-3 connecting rods, 4-4 screw rods, 4-5 nuts, 4-6 sleeves, 4-7 springs, 5 arc-shaped protective covers, 6 first sowing pipes, 7 second sowing pipes, 8 first sowing drill feet, 9 second sowing drill feet, 10 seed boxes, 11 fertilizing pipes, 12 fertilizer storage buckets, 13 fertilizing drill feet, 14 first straw dispersing parts, 15 second straw dispersing parts, 16 third straw dispersing parts, 17 second transmission chains, 18 rotating shafts, 19 poking pieces, 20 eccentric cams, 21 elastic membranes, 22 bolts, 23 bolt seats, 24 rotating shafts, 25 central hole long through holes, 26 rotating parts, 27 bolt through holes, 28. the first transmission chain, 29, the worm gear part, 30, the limiting column, 31 and the stop block.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the invention comprises a frame 1, wheels 2, a press wheel 3, a sowing mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a straw dispersing mechanism, a straw sorting member 4, a worm and gear part 29, a first transmission chain 28 and a second transmission chain 17; the wheels 2 and the press wheels 3 are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the frame 1, and the wheels 2 are arranged at the two sides of the front end of the frame 1; the front end of the frame is connected with the rear part of the tractor, and the tractor provides forward power for the seeder; a seeding mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism and a straw expanding mechanism are sequentially arranged on the frame 1 along the direction of the wheels 2 pointing to the press wheel 3; the invention is provided with three sets of straw dispersion members, wherein a first straw dispersion member 14 is positioned at the foremost end of the frame 1 and between the first seeding plough foot 8 and the wheels 2; it is provided with four groups of shifting sheets 19, and a first seeding drill barrow foot 8 is arranged right behind each group of shifting sheets; a second straw dispersion member 15 is arranged at a position which is laterally moved 15cm behind the first seeding drill barrow foot 8, four groups of poking sheets 19 are arranged on the second straw dispersion member, and a second seeding drill barrow foot 9 is arranged right behind each group of poking sheets 19; a third straw dispersion member 16 is arranged at a position 15cm away from the rear side of the second seeding drill barrow foot 9, four groups of poking sheets 19 are arranged on the third straw dispersion member, and a fertilizing drill barrow foot 13 is arranged right behind each group of poking sheets 19; the straw sorting piece 4 is arranged behind the fertilizing drill barrow foot 13; the two grading discs 4-1 of the straw grading piece 4 are respectively positioned on the sowing routes of the first sowing pipe 6 and the second sowing pipe 7, and when seeds are sowed on the land, the grading discs 4-1 can pull the straws right above the seeds apart, so that the germination of the seeds is avoided being influenced; the press wheel 3 is formed by indirectly splicing cylinders with a large diameter and a small diameter, wherein the cylinder with the large diameter is positioned right behind the straw sorting part 4; when seeds are sowed and the straw is also pulled out by the grading plate 4-1, the large-diameter cylinder of the press wheel 3 covers soil on the sowed land; the fertilizing mechanism and the seeding mechanism are connected through a first transmission chain 28; the press wheel 3 is in transmission connection with the fertilizing mechanism through a worm gear part 29; when the tractor drags the frame 1 to move forward, the press wheel 3 which is connected with the frame 1 through a shaft also rotates along with the frame, so as to drive the press wheel 3 to rotate a turbine on a rotating shaft, the turbine is connected with a worm, the worm is connected with a turbine on the fertilizer storage hopper 12, the turbine on the fertilizer storage hopper 12 is connected with a stirring shaft in the fertilizer storage hopper 12, the stirring shaft is provided with a gear, the stirring shaft of the seed box is also provided with a gear, and the two gears are connected through a first transmission chain 28, so that transmission is realized; the second transmission chain 17 is connected with the straw dispersing mechanism, a power source of the second transmission chain 17 comes from a tractor, one end of the second transmission chain 17 is connected to the tractor, the other end of the second transmission chain 17 is connected to a gear at one end of the rotating shaft 18, the tractor is started, and the second transmission chain 17 drives the rotating shaft 18 to rotate after acting, so that the shifting piece 19 rotates; in order to pull the straws above the seeds open and avoid influencing the germination of the seeds, the invention is provided with a straw expansion structure; the straw expanding mechanism comprises a code dividing disc 4-1, a support shaft 4-2, a connecting rod 4-3, a screw rod 4-4, a nut 4-5, a sleeve 4-6 and a spring 4-7; one end of the connecting rod 4-3 is connected with the supporting shaft 4-2, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the screw rod 4-4; two support shafts 4-2 on one end of the connecting rod 4-3 form an obtuse angle with each other; the supporting shaft 4-2 is connected with the code dividing disc 4-1 in a shaft mode, and an acute angle is formed between the code dividing discs 4-1; the edge of the code dividing disc 4-1 with an acute angle is 1-2cm away; a plurality of friction ribs are uniformly arranged on the outer surface of the code division disc 4-1 along the outer circumference, and the straight line where the friction ribs are located penetrates through the circle center; the friction ribs can improve the friction force on the straws and can better distribute the straws to two sides; the screw rod 4-4 is sleeved with a spring 4-7 for damping the connecting rod 4-3; the screw rod 4-4 penetrates through a hole at the top end of the sleeve 4-6, and the part of the screw rod 4-4 penetrating through the sleeve 4-6 is connected with a nut 4-5; the sleeves 4-6 are arranged on the frame 1; the internal thread of the nut 4-5 is connected with the external thread of the screw rod 4-4, the nut 4-5 can effectively prevent the screw rod 4-4 from falling off downwards, and the nut 4-5 is rotated to enable the screw rod 4-4 to move up and down, so that the distance between the code division disc 4-1 and the ground is changed, in the using process, the code division disc 4-1 is not in contact with the ground, and the code division disc 4-1 is only responsible for shifting straws on the ground surface to two sides of a seeding route; the spring 4-7 can provide a cushion against the upward force to which the code wheel 4-1 is subjected during the dispensing process.

The straw stacking piece 4 is used for distributing straws to two sides, a plurality of straw piles in a straight line can be formed, two straw piles are arranged on two sides of a seeding line, the straw piles can improve the soil temperature, in winter, the soil temperature of the straw piles is two degrees higher than that of the soil without the straw piles, the over-winter of seeds is facilitated, the wheat can effectively collect the temperature in winter, the straw piles can also preserve heat and resist drought, and the organic matter content of the soil is increased. Prevent the soil sand.

An arc-shaped protective cover 5 is additionally arranged on the connecting rod 4-3; the protective cover 5 is in a duckbill arc shape; the arc-shaped protective cover 5 is arranged above the code distributing disc 4-1; the projection area of the arc-shaped protective cover 5 on the ground is larger than the projection area of the area surrounded by the support shaft 4-2 and the code dividing disc 4-1 on the ground, and the arc-shaped protective cover 5 can well cover the code dividing disc 4-1; the arc-shaped protective cover 5 can effectively prevent straws from entering gaps between the code dividing discs 4-1, so that the support shaft 4-2 is clamped, and the straws are prevented from influencing the rotation of the code dividing discs 4-1.

The seeding mechanism comprises a first seeding pipe 6, a second seeding pipe 7, a first seeding drill foot 8, a second seeding drill foot 9 and a seed box 10; the seed box 10 is arranged on the rack 1; the first seeding drill foot 8 and the second seeding drill foot 9 are both arranged on the frame 1, and the position of the first seeding drill foot 8 is closer to the wheel 2 than the position of the second seeding drill foot 9; the bottom surface of the seed box 10 is connected with a first seeding pipe 6 and a second seeding pipe 7; the first seeding tube 6 is connected with a first seeding drill leg 8, and the second seeding tube 7 is connected with a second seeding drill leg 9; the drill barrow foot is arranged below the ground surface and is used for vaulting soil and burying fertilizer and seeds below the ground surface; the seeding pipe and the fertilizing pipe are arranged behind the corresponding drill barrow feet, so that seeding and fertilizing can be carried out in time after the drill barrow feet arch soil; the fertilizing mechanism comprises a fertilizing tube 11, a fertilizer storage hopper 12 and a fertilizing drill barrow foot 13; the fertilizer storage hopper 12 and the fertilizing drill barrow leg 13 are both arranged on the frame 1; one end of the fertilizing tube 11 is connected with the bottom surface of the fertilizer storage bucket 12, and the other end is connected with a fertilizing drill barrow foot 13.

In order to avoid uneven distribution of the straws on the ground surface, the invention is provided with a straw dispersing mechanism; the straw dispersing pieces of the straw dispersing mechanism are composed of a rotating shaft 18 and a shifting piece 19; two ends of the rotating shaft 18 are arranged on the frame 1; the poking sheets 19 are in multiple groups, and each group of poking sheets 19 are positioned on the same radial plane of the rotating shaft 18; each group of shifting pieces 19 is 4 shifting pieces 19 which are arranged in an equal circumference way; one end of the rotating shaft 18 is provided with a second transmission chain 17, the second transmission chain 17 is also connected with a tractor, and the tractor can drive the rotating shaft 18 to rotate when starting.

In order to control the seed output and the fertilizing amount, the invention is provided with an adjusting device; the first sowing pipe, the second sowing pipe and the fertilizing pipe are all provided with adjusting devices; the adjusting device comprises an eccentric cam 20, an elastic membrane 21, a bolt 22, a bolt seat 23, a limiting column 30 and a rotating shaft 24; the first sowing pipe, the second sowing pipe and the fertilizing pipe are provided with long through holes 25; the two ends of the rotating shaft 24 are arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the long through hole 25, and the distance from the rotating shaft 24 to the end surface of the long through hole 25 is greater than the minimum distance r from the rotating center hole 26 to the outer circumference of the eccentric cam 20; a rotating central hole 26 of the eccentric cam 20 is connected with a rotating shaft 24 in a shaft mode, and the eccentric cam 20 is horizontally arranged and is orthogonal to the pipe wall of each sowing and fertilizing pipe; the pin seat 23 is arranged above the long through hole 25; a plurality of bolt through holes 27 which are uniformly distributed are formed in the eccentric cam 20, the centers of the bolt through holes 27 are uniformly distributed on a circle which takes the rotary central hole 26 as the center of a circle and takes the connecting line of the projection point of the center of a hole on the bolt seat 23 on the eccentric cam 20 and the center of the rotary central hole 26 as the radius; the plurality of bolt through holes 27 correspond to different discharging gears from large to small respectively; the bolt 22 passes through the hole of the bolt seat 23 and is inserted into the bolt through hole 27 of the eccentric cam 20; the elastic membrane 21 is arranged on the inner wall of the tube and completely covers the elongated through hole 25; when the seeding and fertilizing amount needs to be adjusted, the eccentric cam 20 is rotated to rotate around the rotating shaft 24, the eccentric cam 20 is in close contact with the elastic membrane 21 arranged on the inner wall of the pipe, and when the eccentric cam 20 rotates towards the inside or the outside of the pipe, the elastic membrane is deformed along with the eccentric cam, so that the flux in the pipe is changed, and the seeding and fertilizing speed is changed; after the eccentric cam 20 rotates to a proper position, the bolt 22 is inserted into the through hole 27 through the bolt seat 23, so that the eccentric cam 20 can not shake randomly in the operation process of the seeder, and the seeding and fertilizing amount is prevented from being changed due to shaking; a limiting column 30 is arranged on the inner wall of the pipe below the long through hole 25; the elastic membrane 21 is provided with an oval through hole at the position below the long through hole 25; one end of the limiting column 30 passes through the oval through hole and is fixed on the inner wall of the pipe, and the other end of the limiting column is provided with a stop block 31; the elastic membrane 21 is matched with the eccentric cam 20; when the elastic membrane 21 is deformed under the influence of the eccentric cam 20, the elliptical through hole arranged on the limiting column 21 can help the elastic membrane 21 to move up and down; the stopper 31 is provided to prevent the elastic film 21 from falling off the stopper post 30.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a dual-purpose seeder of seeding fertilization which characterized in that: comprises a frame (1), wheels (2), a press wheel (3), a sowing mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a straw dispersing mechanism, a straw sorting piece (4), a worm and gear part (29), a first transmission chain (28) and a second transmission chain (17); the wheels (2) and the press wheels (3) are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the rack (1), and the wheels (2) are arranged at the two sides of the front end of the rack (1); a seeding mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism and a straw expanding mechanism are sequentially arranged on the rack (1) along the direction of the wheels (2) pointing to the press wheel (3); the straw dispersing mechanisms are uniformly distributed among the sowing mechanism, the fertilizing mechanism and the straw sorting piece (4); the press wheel (3) is in transmission connection with the fertilizing mechanism through a worm and gear part (29); the fertilizing mechanism and the sowing mechanism are connected through a first transmission chain (28); the second transmission chain (17) is connected with the straw dispersing mechanism; the worm wheel and worm part (29) is matched with the first transmission chain (28); the straw expanding mechanism comprises a code dividing disc (4-1), a supporting shaft (4-2), a connecting rod (4-3), a screw rod (4-4), a nut (4-5), a sleeve (4-6) and a spring (4-7); one end of the connecting rod (4-3) is connected with the supporting shaft (4-2), and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the screw rod (4-4); two support shafts (4-2) on one end of the connecting rod (4-3) form an obtuse angle with each other; the supporting shaft (4-2) is connected with the code splitting disc (4-1) in a shaft mode, and an acute angle is formed between the code splitting discs (4-1); the edge of the code dividing disc (4-1) with an acute angle is 1-2cm away; a plurality of friction ribs are uniformly arranged on the outer surface of the code dividing disc (4-1) along the outer circumference, and the straight line where the friction ribs are located penetrates through the circle center; the screw (4-4) is sleeved with a spring (4-7) for damping the connecting rod (4-3); the screw (4-4) penetrates through a hole in the top end of the sleeve (4-6), and a nut (4-5) is connected to the part of the screw (4-4) penetrating through the sleeve (4-6).

2. The sowing machine for sowing and fertilizing according to claim 1, characterized in that: an arc-shaped protective cover (5) is additionally arranged on the connecting rod (4-3); the protective cover (5) is in a duckbill arc shape; the arc-shaped protective cover (5) is arranged above the code dividing disc (4-1); the projection area of the arc-shaped protective cover (5) on the ground is larger than the projection area of the area surrounded by the support shaft (4-2) and the code dividing disc (4-1) on the ground.

3. The sowing machine for sowing and fertilizing according to claim 2, characterized in that: the seeding mechanism comprises a first seeding pipe (6), a second seeding pipe (7), a first seeding drill foot (8), a second seeding drill foot (9) and a seed box (10); the seed box (10) is arranged on the rack (1); the first seeding drill foot (8) and the second seeding drill foot (9) are both arranged on the frame (1), and the position of the first seeding drill foot (8) is closer to the wheel (2) than the position of the second seeding drill foot (9); the bottom surface of the seed box (10) is connected with a first seeding pipe (6) and a second seeding pipe (7); the first seeding tube (6) is connected with a first seeding drill leg (8), and the second seeding tube (7) is connected with a second seeding drill leg (9).

4. The sowing machine for sowing and fertilizing according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fertilizing mechanism comprises a fertilizing tube (11), a fertilizer storage hopper (12) and a fertilizing drill barrow foot (13); the fertilizer storage hopper (12) and the fertilizing drill barrow foot (13) are both arranged on the frame (1); one end of the fertilizing tube (11) is connected with the bottom surface of the fertilizer storage hopper (12), and the other end is connected with a fertilizing drill barrow foot (13).

5. The sowing machine for sowing and fertilizing according to claim 4, characterized in that: the straw dispersing mechanism comprises a first straw dispersing part (14), a second straw dispersing part (15) and a third straw dispersing part (16); the first straw dispersion member (14) is arranged between the first seeding drill foot (8) and the wheel (2); the second straw dispersion member (15) is arranged between the first seeding plough foot (8) and the second seeding plough foot (9); the third straw dispersion member (16) is arranged between the second seeding drill foot (9) and the fertilizing drill foot (13).

6. The sowing machine for sowing and fertilizing according to claim 5, characterized in that: the straw dispersing pieces of the straw dispersing mechanism are composed of a rotating shaft (18) and a shifting sheet (19); two ends of the rotating shaft (18) are arranged on the frame (1); the poking sheets (19) are in multiple groups, and each group of poking sheets (19) are positioned on the same radial plane of the rotating shaft (18); each group of the shifting pieces (19) is 4 shifting pieces (19) which are arranged in an equal circumference way.

7. The sowing machine for sowing and fertilizing according to claim 6, characterized in that: the first sowing pipe, the second sowing pipe and the fertilizing pipe are all provided with adjusting devices; the adjusting device comprises an eccentric cam (20), an elastic membrane (21), a bolt (22), a bolt seat (23), a limiting column (30) and a rotating shaft (24); the first sowing pipe, the second sowing pipe and the fertilizing pipe are provided with long through holes (25) in an additional way; the two ends of the rotating shaft (24) are arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the long through hole (25), and the distance from the rotating shaft (24) to the end surface of the long through hole (25) is greater than the minimum distance r from the rotating center hole (26) to the outer circumference of the eccentric cam (20); a rotating central hole (26) of the eccentric cam (20) is connected with a rotating shaft (24) in a shaft mode, and the eccentric cam (20) is horizontally arranged and is orthogonal to the pipe wall of each sowing and fertilizing pipe; the pin seat (23) is arranged above the long through hole (25); the eccentric cam (20) is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed bolt through holes (27), the circle centers of the bolt through holes (27) are uniformly distributed on a circle which takes the rotary central hole (26) as the circle center and takes the projection point of the circle center of the hole on the bolt seat (23) on the eccentric cam (20) and the circle center connecting line of the rotary central hole (26) as the radius; the plurality of bolt through holes (27) correspond to different discharging gears from large to small respectively; the bolt (22) penetrates through a hole of the bolt seat (23) and is inserted into a bolt through hole (27) of the eccentric cam (20); the elastic membrane (21) is arranged on the inner wall of the tube and completely covers the long through hole (25); a limiting column (30) is arranged on the inner wall of the pipe below the long through hole (25); the elastic membrane (21) is provided with an oval through hole at the position below the long through hole (25); one end of the limiting column (30) penetrates through the oval through hole to be fixed on the inner wall of the pipe, and the other end of the limiting column is provided with a stop block (31); the elastic membrane (21) and the eccentric cam (20) are arranged in a matching mode.