CN111117983B - 一种脂肪酶突变体及其在制备(s)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯中的应用 - Google Patents
一种脂肪酶突变体及其在制备(s)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111117983B CN111117983B CN202010036222.4A CN202010036222A CN111117983B CN 111117983 B CN111117983 B CN 111117983B CN 202010036222 A CN202010036222 A CN 202010036222A CN 111117983 B CN111117983 B CN 111117983B
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- methyl ester
- mutant
- chlorophenylglycine
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- lipase mutant
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种脂肪酶突变体及其在制备(S)‑2‑氯苯甘氨酸甲酯中的应用,该脂肪酶突变体由SEQ ID No.2所示氨基酸序列第157位的谷氨酰胺突变为苯丙氨酸,第189位的异亮氨酸突变为赖氨酸,且第154位的缬氨酸突变为天冬氨酸而获得。本发明通过分子对接和定点饱和突变,筛选获得了可明显缩短不对称水解反应时间且对R型2‑氯苯甘氨酸甲酯方拆分效率高、选择性高的脂肪酶突变体,该突变体在反应12h后(S)‑2‑氯苯甘氨酸甲酯的得率达到了72.81%,ee值为95.24%,相对于野生型来说,实现了活性的提高和选择性的反转,同时缩短了反应时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及酶基因改造技术领域,具体涉及一种脂肪酶突变体及其在拆分(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯制备单一对映体(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯中的应用。
背景技术
南极假丝酵母(Candida antarctica)是在南极洲分离得到的一种酵母菌,该菌株可以合成出CALA和CALB两种不同的脂肪酶。早在1994年之前,人们就成功的分离出了这两种脂肪酶,并对其氨基酸序列和三维结构进行了研究,发现南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB)总共具有317个氨基酸,分子量为33kDa。
到目前为止,CALB被研究人员大量的在米曲霉、毕赤酵母、酿酒酵母和大肠杆菌中进行克隆表达,成为了商业上应用较为广泛的一种酶。但是,野生型的CALB仍然具有一定的缺陷,如热稳定性较差和产量较低等,对CALB进行修饰和改造使其具有更加良好的性质是较为热门的一个研究。
2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯(2-Chlorophenylglycine methyl ester)是一种具有生物活性的非天然的氨基酸酯,由2-苯甘氨酸与甲醇经酯化合成得到,其作为一种医药中间体,是目前合成高效抗血小板凝集类药物氯吡格雷(Clopidogrel)的重要途径之一。该药物商品名为“波立维(Plavix)”,主要功能为抑制ADP诱导的血小板凝集,在血栓和心脑血管疾病治疗上有着重要的作用。
氯吡格雷属于手性类药物,从临床实验研究结果中发现,(S)-氯吡格雷具有抗血小板凝集的活性,但(R)-氯吡格雷没有显示出相同的活性,并且有研究证明(S)-氯吡格雷的耐受性比(R)-氯吡格雷高约40倍。
对于手性药物来说,手性与药物的药理活性、毒性和药代动力学有着密切的关联,高纯度单一对映体具有治疗靶点明确,疗效更高、安全性更高等优势。因此,作为合成氯吡格雷的重要原料,获取单一对映体的2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯对氯吡格雷的生产和使用有着重要的意义。
目前,外消旋2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯主要使用化学法进行拆分,主要使用的拆分剂为酒石酸和樟脑磺酸,向溶解于甲醇的外消旋邻氯苯甘氨酸甲酯中加入等体积的拆分剂,随后利用非对映体盐拆分等方法进行拆分,其能获得ee值达到99%以上的产物,产率在31%~45%,但其具有拆分剂添加量大、产废量多、拆分成本高、反应时间长、原料浪费现象严重和操作过程繁琐等缺陷。所以,开发一种高效、低成本且绿色环保的2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯拆分方法是有着重要意义的。
生物催化制备医药中间体是近年来研究较为热门的一个领域,相对于使用化学法获取2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯,使用酶催化方法表现得更加环保高效且低成本。目前的专利文献对于利用酶直接拆分2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯的研究报道还较少,2009年黄淳旭等人研究了使用碱性蛋白酶拆分邻氯苯甘氨酸甲酯,在反应24h后得到了ee值达到99.8%的(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯。2014年薛屏等人使用固定化青霉素G酰化酶拆分30h后得到了ee值为97.1%的产物,但还是存在反应时间长等缺陷。
野生型的南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B对2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯几乎没有或仅有很低的对映选择性,但是随着对南极假丝酵母的氨基酸序列及晶体结构研究的深入,发现对CALB进行适当地修饰和改进可以提升CALB的选择性,并大大加快反应进程,从而达到快速拆分2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯的目的。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种脂肪酶突变体及其在拆分(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯制备单一对映体(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯中的应用,该脂肪酶突变体不仅对2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯具有较高的拆分效率及选择性,而且可以缩短不对称水解反应时间,有利于氯吡格雷的制备。
具体技术方案如下:
一种脂肪酶突变体,所述脂肪酶突变体所述脂肪酶突变体由SEQ ID No.2所示氨基酸序列第157位的谷氨酰胺突变为苯丙氨酸,第189位的异亮氨酸突变为赖氨酸,且第154位的缬氨酸突变为天冬氨酸而获得。
上述脂肪酶突变体由野生型南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(Candida Antarctica lipaseB)基因(核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示)通过突变得到;该突变体与野生型相比,在拆分2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯方面具有拆分效率高、选择性高以及水解反应时间短等优点。
本发明还提供了一种所述的脂肪酶突变体的编码基因。
上述脂肪酶突变体由SEQ ID No.2所示氨基酸序列第157位的谷氨酰胺(密码子为CAA)突变为苯丙氨酸(密码子为TTC),第189位的异亮氨酸(密码子为ATT)突变为赖氨酸(密码子为AAG),且第154位的缬氨酸(密码子为GTC)突变为天冬氨酸(GAC密码子为)。
本发明还提供了一种包含所述编码基因的重组载体。
本发明还提供了一种包含所述编码基因的基因工程菌。
本发明还提供了所述的脂肪酶突变体在拆分(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯制备单一对映体(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯中的应用。
本发明还提供了所述的基因工程菌在拆分(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯制备单一对映体(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种拆分(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯制备单一对映体(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯的方法,包括:在缓冲溶液中,以(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯为底物,所述脂肪酶突变体或所述基因工程菌为生物催化剂,进行不对称水解反应,得到单一对映体(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯。
进一步地,所述缓冲溶液为磷酸盐缓冲液;磷酸盐缓冲液的pH值为6~9,浓度为0.05~0.2M。
更优选,所述磷酸盐缓冲液的pH值为7,浓度为0.1M。
进一步地,反应体系中,反应温度为25~35℃,反应时间为10~16h。
更优选,反应温度为30℃,反应时间为12h。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明通过分子对接和定点饱和突变,筛选获得了可明显缩短不对称水解反应时间且对外消旋2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯拆分效率高、选择性高的脂肪酶突变体,该突变体在反应12h后(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯的得率达到了72.81%,ee值为95.24%,相对于野生型来说,实现了活性的提高和选择性的反转,同时缩短了反应时间。
(2)本发明提供的制备方法操作简单,拆分速度快,反应条件温和,避免使用大量的有毒有害试剂,三废产量低,是环保绿色的一种制备方法。
附图说明
图1为本发明利用脂肪酶突变体拆分(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯制备单一对映体(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯的反应方程式示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述,以下列举的仅是本发明的具体实施例,但本发明的保护范围不仅限于此。
下列实施例涉及的培养基配方如下:
a.YPD培养基:10g酵母提取物、20g蛋白胨,20g葡萄糖溶于1L蒸馏水中(配置固体培养基可在灭菌前加入15g琼脂),115℃高温高压灭菌30min。
b.LB培养基:10g胰蛋白胨,5g酵母提取物,10g NaCl溶于1L蒸馏水中120℃高温高压灭菌20min。
下列实施例涉及的液相检测条件及方法如下:
反应液中2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯及2-氯苯甘氨酸由HPLC(Agilent,US)进行检测,柱子为购买于大赛璐的手性柱Daicel Crownpack CR(+)0.4×15cm,流动相为10mM高氯酸,流速为0.8mL/min,柱温为25℃。
(R)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯和(S)-邻氯苯甘氨酸的对映体过量值分别用ees(%)和eep(%)来表示,反应总转化率用C(%)表示,其计算如下:
eeS=(cSR-cSS)/(cSR+cSS)
eeP=cRp-cSp)/(cRp+cSp)
得率(%)=cSS/cS
式中,cSR表示(R)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯的浓度,单位为mol/L;cSS表示为(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯的浓度,单位为mol/L;cPR为(R)-2-氯苯甘氨酸的浓度,单位为mol/L,cPR为2-氯苯甘氨酸的浓度,cS为(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯理论浓度,单位为mol/L。
下列实施例涉及的酶活测定方法如下:
酶活单位(U)定义为:在3℃条件下,每分钟转化1微摩尔(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯所需的酶量定义为一个酶活单位,U。
酶活检测标准条件:10mM(R,S)-2氯苯甘氨酸甲酯,适量酶液,30℃、pH 7,600rpm条件下反应2h,样品处理并进行HPLC分析。
实施例中获得的野生型南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B工程菌(E.coli Rosetta(DE3)/pET22b(+)-CALB-WT)及其突变体E.coli Rosetta(DE3)/pET22b(+)-CALB-Q157F、E.coliRosetta(DE3)/pET22b(+)-CALB-Q157F/I189K、E.coli Rosetta(DE3)/pET22b(+)-CALB-Q157F/I189K/V154D按实施例2中方法诱导培养后,在冰水混合物上超声破碎6min,超声破碎条件:功率为400W,破碎1s,暂停1s,获得粗酶液,随后用镍亲和柱(1.6×10cm,Bio-Rad公司,美国)纯化蛋白。最后使用二喹啉甲酸蛋白测定试剂盒(南京凯基生物科技发展有限公司,南京)测定浓度。
实施例1野生型南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B工程菌(E.coli Rosetta(DE3)/pET22b(+)-CALB-WT)的构建
1、野生型南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB)基因的克隆
将包含有南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B基因的毕赤酵母(Z.Liu.Cloning,expressionand characterization of a lipase gene from the Candida antarctica ZJB09193and its application in biosynthesis of vitamin A esters.Microbiol.Res.,2012,167,452~460)接种于YPD液体培养基中培养过夜,发酵液用2mL离心管3000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清,收集菌体;使用真菌提取试剂盒提取出基因组。
根据CALB基因(SEQ ID NO.1)设计引物1:TTACCTAGTGGTTCCGACCC和引物2:AGGAGTAACAATTCCTGAACAGG,以提取出的基因组为模板进行PCR反应,克隆出野生型CALB基因,反应体系如下:
PCR扩增程序为:
PCR反应结束后获得的产物即为野生型南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB)的基因。
2、构建带有野生型南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B基因的质粒pET22b(+)-CALB-WT
设计引物3:TTCAGGAATTGTTACTCCTCACCACCACCACCACCACTGA和引物4:TCGGAACCACTAGGTAAGCCATCGCCGGCT,其中下划线处是质粒与野生型南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B基因进行一步克隆时所需的同源臂。以pET22b(+)质粒(Novagen,Darmstadt,Germany)为模板,使用反向PCR技术对质粒进行线性化处理,反应体系如下:
PCR扩增程序为:
PCR反应结束后,获得的产物即为线性化的pET22b(+)质粒。
利用一步克隆试剂盒将线性化的质粒与本实施例第1部分中获得的野生型南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB)基因进行连接,获得的连接产物即为带有野生型南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB)基因的质粒pET22b(+)-CALB-WT。
3、构建带有野生型南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B基因的工程菌E.coli Rosetta(DE3)/pET22b(+)-CALB-WT
具体步骤如下:
(a)从甘油管中接种E.coli Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞于LB试管中,37℃,200rpm过夜培养;
(b)从过夜培养试管中吸取500μL菌液接种于50mL LB培养基上,37℃,200rpm培养2h,培养完成后冰浴静置30min,4000rpm/min离心菌体10min,弃上清;
(c)加入20mL预冷处理的0.1M CaCl2溶液,重悬菌体,随后4000rpm/min离心10min,弃上清,重复一次该步骤;
(d)加入1.5mL含有10%甘油的0.1MCaCl2溶液,重悬菌体,按照100μL/管的量将制备好的感受态分装至无菌EP管中;
(e)取连接产物pET22b(+)-CALB-WT10μL加入分装好的感受态中,冰浴30min,随后42℃热激90s,完成热激后加入1mL预冷的LB培养基,置于37℃摇床中培养2h,涂布于带有浓度为100μg/mL氨苄青霉素的LB平板上37℃过夜培养,挑取单菌落送至杭州擎科生物技术有限公司测序验证,其中阳性克隆即为带有野生型南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B基因的工程菌E.coli Rosetta(DE3)/pET22b(+)-CALB-WT。
实施例2野生型南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB-WT)的诱导表达
将实施例1第3部分得到的工程菌E.coli Rosetta(DE3)/pET22b(+)-CALB-WT接种于含有100μg/mL氨苄青霉素和20μg/mL氯霉素的LB液体培养基中37℃过夜培养,以体积浓度1%(v/v)的接种量接种于新鲜的含有终浓度为100μg/mL氨苄和20μg/mL的LB培养基中,37℃、180rpm培养3h,再向培养液中加入终浓度为0.1mM IPTG,22℃培养12h,4℃、10000g离心10min,获得相应的菌体细胞。
以上获得的细胞产有相应的蛋白,可用于制备粗酶液,并不对称水解外消旋2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯。
实施例3野生型南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB-WT)不对成水解2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯
在反应瓶中加入0.5g外消旋的2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯和50mL pH 7.0、0.2M磷酸钠缓冲液,随后加入由实施例2中获得的菌体细胞10g并混匀,此时外消旋2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯的浓度为10g/L,在30℃条件下控制转速为600rpm/min反应24h,结束反应。
取反应结束后的反应液用HPLC进行分析,结果如表1所示。
实施例4野生型南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB-WT)第Q157位点处突变文库的构建
第一步:将实施例1第3部分得到的工程菌E.coli Rosetta(DE3)/pET22b(+)-CALB-WT接种于含有终浓度为100μg/mL氨苄青霉素和20μg/mL氯霉素的LB液体培养基中37℃过夜培养,提取质粒pET22b(+)-CALB-WT,并保存于-20℃。
第二步:根据从PDB中下载报道的南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B的晶体结构(PDB ID:1TCA),并进行分子对接,在活性中心及活性口袋附近选择合适的突变位点,设计了Q157位点的突变引物Lib1 F:CTTCCNNSTGGCAACAAACCACGG和Lib1-R:GTTGCCANNSGGAAGGAGCGG,以pET22b(+)-CALB-WT为质粒模板进行定点饱和突变,其反应体系为:
PCR扩增程序为:
PCR结束后获得的产物即为突变质粒,按照实施例1中3部分第e步进行转化,挑选单菌落并测序,获得Q157位点突变体。
实施例5野生型南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB-WT)第Q157位点突变体(第157位由谷氨酰胺突变为苯丙氨酸)的诱导表达和阳性突变体的筛选
将实施例4中获得的Q157位突变体参照实施例2中的诱导表达方法对突变体进行诱导表达,获得产生相应蛋白的菌体。随后,在反应瓶中加入0.5g外消旋的2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯和50mL pH 7.0、0.2M磷酸钠缓冲液,随后诱导表达后获得的菌体细胞10g并混匀,此时外消旋2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯的浓度为10g/L,在30℃条件下控制转速为600rpm/min反应12h,结束反应。
取反应结束后的反应液用HPLC进行分析,结果如表1所示。
实施例6 pET22b(+)-CALB-Q157F第I189位突变文库的构建
在实施例5筛选出的最优突变体pET22b(+)-CALB-Q157F基础上,通过结合分子对接结果分析,选定I189位做定点饱和突变,设计引物Lib2-F:CAGACGAANNSGTTCAGCCTCAAGTTAG和Lib2-R:GCTGAACNNSTTCGTCTGTAGCTGAGTA,以pET22b(+)-CALB-Q157F为模板质粒进行定点饱和突变,其反应体系参照实施例4,
PCR扩增程序为:
PCR结束后获得的产物即为突变质粒,按照实施例1中3部分第e步进行转化,挑选单菌落并测序,获得I189位点突变体。
实施例7 pET22b(+)-CALB-Q157F第I189位点突变体(第157位由谷氨酰胺突变为苯丙氨酸,且第189位由异亮氨酸突变为赖氨酸)的诱导表达和阳性突变体的筛选
将实施例6中获得的I189位点突变体参照实施例5的诱导表达方式和测定突变体对外消旋2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯不对称水解能力的方法,对突变体进行诱导表达并测定水解外消旋2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯活力进行检测,筛选出了最优突变体pET22b(+)-CALB-Q157F/I189K。
实施例8 pET22b(+)-CALB-Q157F/I18K第V154位点突变文库的构建
在实施例5筛选出的最优突变体pET22b(+)-CALB-Q157F基础上,通过结合分子对接结果分析,选定I189位做定点饱和突变,设计引物Lib3-F:TCTGGCAANNSACCACGGGTTCAGCT和Lib3-R:CGTGGTNNSTTGCCAGACGGAAGGAG,以pET22b(+)-CALB-Q157F/I189为模板质粒进行定点饱和突变,其反应体系参照实施例4。
PCR扩增程序为:
PCR结束后获得的产物即为突变质粒,按照实施例1中3部分第e步进行转化,挑选单菌落并测序,获得V154位点突变体。
实施例9 pET22b(+)-CALB-Q157F/I189K第V154位点突变体(第157位由谷氨酰胺突变为苯丙氨酸,第189位由异亮氨酸突变为赖氨酸,且第154位由缬氨酸突变为天冬氨酸)的诱导表达和阳性突变体的筛选
将实施例8中获得的V154位点突变体参照实施例5的诱导表达方式和测定突变体对外消旋2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯不对称水解能力的方法,对突变体进行诱导表达并测定水解外消旋2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯活力进行检测,筛选出了最优突变体pET22b(+)-CALB-Q157F/I189K/V154D。
经HPLC的检测分析,结果如表1所示。表1展示了野生型南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB-WT)及其突变体(CALB-Q157F、CALB-Q157F/I189K和CALB-Q157F/I189K/V154D)对外消旋2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯的水解活力及选择性情况。
表1
酶 | 相对酶活(%) | 反应时间(h) | 得率(%) | ee<sub>s</sub>(%) |
WT-CALB | 100 | 24 | 54.15 | -9.00 |
CALB-Q157F | 101.36 | 24 | 71.32 | 20.97 |
CALB-Q157F/I189K | 328.03 | 12 | 62.33 | 85.57 |
CALB-Q157F/I189K/V154D | 309.75 | 12 | 72.81 | 95.24 |
从表1中可以看出,本发明使用的CALB突变体能有效的对2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯进行水解拆分。本发明相对于传统的化学法拆分来说能够高效绿色的拆分2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯,在缩短反应时间,降低拆分成本、使拆分条件温和化的同时达到了绿色环保的要求,具有巨大的优势。
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Claims (9)
1.一种脂肪酶突变体,其特征在于,所述脂肪酶突变体由SEQ ID No.2所示氨基酸序列第157位的谷氨酰胺突变为苯丙氨酸,第189位的异亮氨酸突变为赖氨酸,且第154位的缬氨酸突变为天冬氨酸而获得。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的脂肪酶突变体的编码基因。
3.一种包含权利要求2所述编码基因的重组载体。
4.一种包含权利要求2所述编码基因的基因工程菌。
5.如权利要求1所述的脂肪酶突变体在拆分(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯制备单一对映体(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯中的应用。
6.如权利要求4所述的基因工程菌在拆分(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯制备单一对映体(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯中的应用。
7.一种拆分(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯制备单一对映体(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯的方法,其特征在于,包括:在缓冲溶液中,以(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯为底物,权利要求1所述脂肪酶突变体或权利要求4所述基因工程菌为生物催化剂,进行不对称水解反应,得到单一对映体(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸甲酯。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述缓冲溶液为磷酸盐缓冲液;磷酸盐缓冲液的pH值为6~9,浓度为0.05~0.2M。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,反应体系中,反应温度为25~35℃,反应时间为10~16h。
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