CN1111125A - 脂质体溶液 - Google Patents

脂质体溶液 Download PDF

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CN1111125A
CN1111125A CN95101683A CN95101683A CN1111125A CN 1111125 A CN1111125 A CN 1111125A CN 95101683 A CN95101683 A CN 95101683A CN 95101683 A CN95101683 A CN 95101683A CN 1111125 A CN1111125 A CN 1111125A
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M·费尼斯
H·斯蒂芬
A·苏普萨欧
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Abstract

本发明涉及含有β-内酰胺酶抑制剂和必要时还 含有β-内酰胺抗生素的脂质体水溶液。

Description

本发明涉及含有β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的脂质体水溶液。
业已发现，当β-内酰胺酶抑制剂以脂质体水溶液的形式使用时，β-内酰胺酶抑制剂，如tazobactam在体内的停留时间延长。此外，还发现，以该形式使用的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂在血浆内的停留时间受脂质体大小的影响。
本发明组合物的脂质体可以由已知的脂质体形成物构成。较好的是，所述脂质体由磷脂酰胆碱如鸡蛋卵磷脂或大豆卵磷脂，磷脂酰甘油组成以及必要时包括胆甾醇。磷脂酰胆碱：磷脂酰甘油摩尔比宜为10∶0-1，最好为10∶1。磷脂酰胆碱：胆甾醇摩尔比宜为10∶0-5，最好为10∶5。脂质体溶液中脂质体形成物（即磷脂酰胆碱，磷脂酰甘油和胆甾醇）的浓度宜为约10-400mg/ml，最好为约100-250mg/ml。
术语"β-内酰胺酶抑制剂"指抑制β-内酰胺抗生素，例如青霉素类，头孢菌素类，单分子内酰胺类和carbapenems的β-内酰胺环酶解的物质。Tazobactam，舒巴克坦和克拉维酸是β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的实例。β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的其它实例是欧洲专利公开A-0508234中所述的那些化合物，特别是下列化合物：
（1S，5R）-7-氧代-6-磺基-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-2-羧酸苄酯，
（1S，5R）-2-（Z）-3-α-乙酰氨基肉桂酰〕-7-氧代-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
（R/S）-α-（1S，5R）-2-〔2-羧基-2-（3-噻吩基）乙酰基〕-7-氧代-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
（1S，5R）-7-氧代-2-（3-吡啶基乙酰基〕-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
（1S，5R）-2-〔（R，S）-2-吲哚基羰基〕-7-氧代-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
（1S，5R）-2-〔（R）-α-羟基苯基乙酰基〕-7-氧代-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
（1S，5R）-2-〔（S）-α-羟基苯基乙酰基〕-7-氧代-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
R（α）〔〔（1S，5R）-7-氧代-6-磺基-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚-2-基〕羰基〕苄基硫酸酯，
（1S，5R）-2-（2-氨基-4-噻唑乙醛酰）-7-氧代-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
（1S，5R）-7-氧代-2-（D-2-苯基甘氨酰）-6-磺基-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
（1S，5R）-7-氧代-2-（L-2-苯基甘氨酰）-6-磺基-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
（1S，5R）-7-氧代-2-L-酪氨酰-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
（1S，5R）-2-〔D-2-（对-羟苯基）甘氨酰〕-7-氧代-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
（1S，5R）-7-氧代-2-色氨酰-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
（1S，5R）-2-〔（R或S）-α-氨基-（2-噻吩基）乙酰基〕-7-氧代-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
（1S，5R）-7-氧代-2-（苯基氨基甲酰基）-6-磺基-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷，
（1S，5R）-2-（苄基氨基甲酰基）-7-氧代-6-磺基-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷，
（1S，5R）-7-氧代-2-（N-苯基甘氨酰）-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
（1S，5R）-2-〔（E）-3-（2-呋喃基）丙烯酰〕-7-氧代-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
（1S，5R）-2-〔N-（间-氨基苯基）甘氨酰〕-7-氧代-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
（1S，5R）-2-〔〔（1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基）硫代〕乙酰基〕-7-氧代-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
（1S，5R）-2-〔〔（1H-苯并三唑-1-基）硫代〕乙酰基〕-7-氧代-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，和
（1S，5R）-2-〔（E）-3-（3-吲哚基）丙烯酰〕-7-氧代-2，6-二氮杂二环〔3.2.0〕-庚烷-6-磺酸，
以及这些化合物药物上可用的盐。
可存在于本发明脂质体溶液中的其它β-内酰胺酶抑制剂还有下述通式Ⅰ的化合物及其药物上可用的盐
Figure 951016830_IMG2
式中R1和R2之一表示-COR4，-CN，-CH2OR5或-SO2R6，另一个表示H，-COR4，-CN，-CH2OR5或-SO2R6或低级烷基;
R3＝H，低级烷基，芳基烷基，烯丙基或在体内可裂解的残基;
R4＝H，低级烷基，低级烷氧基，苄氧基，氨基或低级烷氨基;
R5＝H或-CONH2;
R6＝低级烷基，和
n＝0，1或2，
特别是下列化合物：
（E/Z）-（2S，3S，5R）-3-（2-氰基乙烯基）-3-甲基-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂-二环〔3.2.0〕庚烷-2-羧酸二苯甲酯，
（E）-（2S，3S，5R）-3-（2-氰基乙烯基）-3-甲基-4，4，7-三氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂-二环〔3.2.0〕庚烷-2-羧酸二苯甲酯，
（Z）-（2S，3S，5R）-3-（2-氰基乙烯基）-3-甲基-4，4，7-三氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂-二环〔3.2.0〕庚烷-2-羧酸二苯甲酯，
（E）-（2S，3S，5R）-3-（2-氰基乙烯基）-3-甲基-4，4，7-三氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂-二环〔3.2.0〕庚烷-2-羧酸钠，
（Z）-（2S，3S，5R）-3-（2-氰基乙烯基）-3-甲基-4，4，7-三氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂-二环〔3.2.0〕庚烷-2-羧酸钠，
（E/Z）-（2S，3S，5R）-3-（2-氨基甲酰基-乙烯基）-3-甲基-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂-二环〔3.2.0〕庚烷-2-羧酸二苯甲酯，
（E）-（2S，3S，5R）-3-（2-氨基甲酰基-乙烯基）-3-甲基-4，4，7-三氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂-二环〔3.2.0〕庚烷-2-羧酸二苯甲酯，
（Z）-（2S，3S，5R）-3-（2-氨基甲酰基-乙烯基）-3-甲基-4，4，7-三氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂-二环〔3.2.0〕庚烷-2-羧酸二苯甲酯，
（E）-（2S，3S，5R）-3-（2-氨基甲酰基-乙烯基）-3-甲基-4，4，7-三氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂-二环〔3.2.0〕庚烷-2-羧酸钠，
（Z）-（2S，3S，5R）-3-（2-氨基甲酰基-乙烯基）-3-甲基-4，4，7-三氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂-二环〔3.2.0〕庚烷-2-羧酸钠，
（E）-（2S，3S，5R）-3-（2-乙氧羰基-乙烯基）-3-甲基-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂-二环〔3.2.0〕庚烷-2-羧酸二苯甲酯，
（E）-（2S，3S，5R）-3-（2-乙氧羰基-乙烯基）-3-甲基-4，4，7-三氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂-二环〔3.2.0〕庚烷-2-羧酸二苯甲酯，
（E）-（2S，3S，5R）-3-（2-乙氧羰基-乙烯基）-3-甲基-4，4，7-三氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂-二环〔3.2.0〕庚烷-2-羧酸钠，
（E）-（2S，3S，5R）-3-（2-苄氧羰基-乙烯基）-3-甲基-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂-二环〔3.2.0〕庚烷-2-羧酸二苯甲酯，
（E）-（2S，3S，5R）-3-（2-苄氧羰基-乙烯基）-3-甲基-4，4，7-三氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂-二环〔3.2.0〕庚烷-2-羧酸二苯甲酯，和
（E）-（2S，3S，5R）-3-（2-苄氧羰基-乙烯基）-3-甲基-4，4，7-三氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂-二环〔3.2.0〕庚烷-2-羧酸钠。
脂质体中β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的浓度取决于特定的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂，而且依不同的案例确定。活性物质浓度太高，使用后将导致脂质体在血流中或组织中破裂（渗透作用）。例如，脂质体中tazobactam的浓度宜为不高于0.2mg/mg脂质体形成物质，最好为约0.1-0.15mg/mg脂质体形成物质。
已经发现，脂质体的大小影响β-内酰胺酶抑制剂在血浆中的停留时间（即半衰期）。为了达到长的停留时间，脂质体的直径应该小于约250nm。直径为约100-200nm，特别是为约150nm的脂质体在本发明中是优选的。
根据其中所含活性物质已知的给药须知，本发明的脂质体溶液可非肠道使用，例如静脉注射，肌内注射或皮下注射。所述脂质体溶液可以含有通常适用于非肠道给药的应用在药物脂质体溶液中的佐剂，特别是稳定剂，例如糖如蔗糖或海藻糖，以及pH调节剂和渗透压调节剂。此外，本发明的脂质体溶液还可含有β-内酰胺抗生素，特别是青霉素类和头孢菌素类，如哌拉西林或阿帕西林;或例如头孢三嗪，ceftazid或头孢哌酮;或carbapenem，如imipenem或meropenem;或monobactam，如aztreonam。此外，该溶液还可以冻干形式存在。
本发明的脂质体溶液可以已知的方法制备，例如通过使用适宜的溶剂，例如氯仿/甲醇自脂质体形成物制备一种无溶剂薄膜，用β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的水溶液使该膜水化，然后通过挤压将所得到的多层泡状物转化成所需尺寸的脂质体。
下列实施例用于说明本发明。
实施例1
在圆底烧瓶中，将50mg鸡蛋卵磷脂（Lipoid    E    PC，Lipoid    KG，Ludwigshafen，Germany），磷脂酰甘油（Lipoid    PG，16∶0/16∶0，Lipoid    KG，Ludwigshafen，Germany）和胆甾醇以10∶1∶5的摩尔比溶于氯仿/甲醇（1∶1体积份）。在减压（最后达0.01mbar）和40℃下，在旋转烧瓶中除去溶剂。剩余的膜用1ml10%的tazobactam钠水溶液处理，在涡旋混合器中处理进行水化。在氮气压力（6-8bar）下使所得到的含有tazobactam的多层泡状物通过0.2μm的聚碳酸酯滤器（Nucleopore，Pleasanton，CA.，USA）三次，通过0.1μm的聚碳酸酯滤器一或二次。所得到的脂质体的平均直径为150nm（通过用Nano-Sizer    PSM78，Coulter    Electronics，Krefeld，Germany进行准弹性光散射测得）。较大或较小直径的脂质体可以通过选择较大（例如0.4μm）或较小（例如0.05μm）孔径的滤器用类似的方法制备。
实施例2
将不同尺寸的tazobactam脂质体（1ml/kg，5.8-10.4mg    tazobactam/kg）注入雄性白化大鼠颈静脉导管。导管用生理盐水冲洗后，以不同的间隔自导管取血浆样品，取出的血浆用盐水溶液代替。样品中tazobactam浓度用HPLC确定。结果如下：
配方        脂质体直径        1/2        AUC
[nm]        [h]        [mg.h/ml]
脂质体        146        5.0±1.9        456.3±250.1
脂质体        236        1.4±0.3        135.1±62.5
水溶液        0.14        5.27
上述结果表明，通过以脂质体溶液的形式给药，活性物质在血浆中的停留时间增加，并且所述效果在较小的脂质体溶液的情形下比在较大的脂质体溶液的情形下要强。

Claims (10)

1、一种脂质体水溶液，该溶液含有β-内酰胺酶抑制剂，和必要时还含有稳定剂。
2、根据权利要求1的脂质体溶液，其中β-内酰胺酶抑制剂是tazobactam，舒巴克坦或克拉维酸;或欧洲专利公开A-0508234中所述的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂;或通式Ⅰ的化合物或其药物上可用的盐
Figure 951016830_IMG1
式中R1和R2之一表示-COR4，-CN，-CH2OR5或-SO2R6，另一个表示H，-COR4，-CN，-CH2OR5或-SO2R6或低级烷基;
R3＝H，低级烷基，芳基-烷基，烯丙基或在体内可裂解的残基;
R4＝H，低级烷基，低级烷氧基，苄氧基，氨基或低级烷氨基;
R5＝H或-CONH2;
R6＝低级烷基，和
n＝0，1或2。
3、根据权利要求1或2的脂质体溶液，其中稳定剂是糖，如蔗糖或海藻糖。
4、根据权利要求1-3的任一脂质体溶液，其中脂质体由磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰甘油及必要时胆甾醇组成。
5、根据权利要求4的脂质体溶液，其中磷脂酰胆碱，磷脂酰甘油和胆甾醇的摩尔比是10∶0-1∶0-5。
6、根据权利要求1-5的任一脂质体溶液，其中脂质体的平均直径是50-250nm。
7、根据权利要求6的脂质体溶液，其中脂质体的平均直径是150nm。
8、根据权利要求1-7的任一脂质体溶液，其中还存在β-内酰胺抗生素。
9、权利要求1-8的脂质体溶液的冻干制剂。
10、根据权利要求1-9的脂质体溶液，其中β-内酰胺抗生素是青霉素，头孢菌素，carbapenem或monobactam。
CN95101683A 1994-01-25 1995-01-23 脂质体溶液 Pending CN1111125A (zh)

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CN102973568A (zh) * 2012-12-10 2013-03-20 江苏开元医药化工有限公司 头孢曲松钠舒巴坦钠的药物组合物脂质体的制备方法

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CN102048740B (zh) * 2010-12-02 2012-06-13 郝志艳 头孢曲松钠他唑巴坦钠药物组合物脂质体注射剂
CN102973568A (zh) * 2012-12-10 2013-03-20 江苏开元医药化工有限公司 头孢曲松钠舒巴坦钠的药物组合物脂质体的制备方法
CN102973568B (zh) * 2012-12-10 2014-08-27 江苏开元医药化工有限公司 头孢曲松钠舒巴坦钠的药物组合物脂质体的制备方法

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