CN111109160A - Method for breeding excellent variety of carp by hybridization - Google Patents
Method for breeding excellent variety of carp by hybridization Download PDFInfo
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- CN111109160A CN111109160A CN202010033457.8A CN202010033457A CN111109160A CN 111109160 A CN111109160 A CN 111109160A CN 202010033457 A CN202010033457 A CN 202010033457A CN 111109160 A CN111109160 A CN 111109160A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for hybridizing and breeding excellent carp varieties, which comprises the following steps: breeding male parent carps, namely breeding high-quality male carps and female carps in the second year after independently breeding for one year and screening, and taking the bred screened male carps as hybrid male parents; selecting female carassius auratus gibelio as a female parent, breeding after selecting high-quality female carassius auratus gibelio and female carassius auratus gibelio, and screening the female carassius auratus gibelio as a hybrid female parent; performing hybrid breeding, namely, performing single breeding of the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent for one year, and performing mixed breeding until the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent are bred in a hybrid way; disease-resistant screening, namely putting a small amount of hirsutella albiflora and hirsutella fluorescens into a pool for cultivation, and screening healthy carps; and (4) mating and breeding, namely breeding the screened healthy carps to a breeding period, and enabling the carps to freely mate to obtain excellent carps. The method can cultivate the hybrid carp which is easy to grow and has strong disease resistance, and the operation is simple and easy to realize in batches.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish breeding, in particular to a method for breeding excellent carp varieties through hybridization.
Background
Hybridization is a common method of breeding freshwater fish. The hybridization of parents with different species, different genus and even more distant relationship can combine the characteristics and features of different species and genus, break through the species boundary, expand the genetic variation and create new variation types or new species. In aquatic products, breeding of hybrid varieties is one of the important ways to improve the yield and quality of aquatic products.
Carp is the largest aquaculture fish species in China and even the world, and the carp is mainly cultured and cultivated by means of population breeding, intraspecific hybridization or gynogenesis and the like at present. The carassius auratus gibelio has no preference for food, can be eaten by various foods with palatability, has the advantages of quick growth, large size, strong stress resistance and good economic character, and the high-quality characteristics of the carassius auratus gibelio are exactly required by carps, so that the hybridization of the carps and the carassius auratus gibelio to breed a new carp variety is very necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems, the method for breeding the high-quality carp variety by hybridization, which can combine the advantages of quick growth, large size, strong stress resistance and the like of the carassius auratus gibelio, is simple to operate and easy to realize, and the bred carp variety has high economic benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for cross breeding of excellent carp varieties comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) breeding male parent carp: selecting male carps which grow for two years and have the volume more than 1 kilogram at the end of summer, selecting female carps which grow for two years and have the volume more than 1 kilogram at the same time, breeding the male carps and the female carps after breeding for one year separately, carrying out mixed culture in a breeding season of the second year for breeding, then carrying out separate culture on the bred male and female carps again, and screening out the male carps as hybrid male parents again;
(2) and (3) breeding female parent carassius auratus gibelio: selecting female carassius auratus gibelio and female carassius auratus gibelio which grow for one year and have the volume of more than 0.5 kg in summer, separating and culturing under the same condition, culturing for 1-2 years, then carrying out mixed culture on males and females, breeding, and screening the female carassius auratus gibelio as a hybrid female parent after culturing for a period of time;
(3) and (3) hybridization breeding: separately culturing the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent for one year, then carrying out mixed culture, keeping the water temperature at 20-28 ℃ in a breeding season after the mixed culture for one year, adding a proper amount of fish feed, and carrying out hybrid breeding on the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent;
(4) disease-resistant screening: separately culturing Cyprinus Carpio bred by hybridization in a water pool with suitable environment, adding small amount of hirsutella albopictus and hirsutella fluorescens into the water pool, culturing for 5-15 days, and screening out healthy Cyprinus Carpio;
(5) mating and seedling raising: and (4) placing the healthy carp screened in the step (4) into proper conditions for cultivation, and enabling the carp to freely mate when reaching a breeding period to obtain a carp fine variety.
Further, in the step (1), after the single cultivation for one year, the carp is screened, the carp grows fast and has a weight more than two kilograms, the culture conditions of the mixed culture and the separate culture are consistent, the temperature is 20-28 degrees, and the fish feed adding amount is equal.
Further, in the step (2), the cultivating conditions of the carassius auratus gibelio are that the water temperature is 18-25 ℃, feeding is carried out for 2-3 times every day, and each feeding is carried out for 20-30 minutes.
Further, in the step (3), the conditions of the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent in the single cultivation for one year are both water temperature of 22-25 ℃, fish feed is fed for 2-3 times every day, and the amount of the fish feed is increased for 3-4 times after the cultivation for one year.
Further, the fish feed is added with 0.01-0.3g/kg of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue.
Further, in step (4), the amount of increase of each of said rhizoctonia and fluorescence polar bacillus is 1 x 102-3*104CFU/L。
Further, in the step (5), the proper cultivation conditions are that the water temperature is kept at 23-25 ℃, fish feed is fed for 3-4 times per day, and running water is kept flowing, and the amount of the fish feed fed for each time is increased by one fifth when the fish feed is fed for the breeding season.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method utilizes the characteristics of quick growth, large size and strong stress resistance of the carassius auratus gibelio, has strong operability, is convenient for batch operation and propagation, and has considerable economic value;
2. the method comprises the steps of screening high-quality male parents and high-quality female parents, hybridizing the male parents and the female parents to select carps with rapid growth, and screening carps with rapid growth and strong disease resistance by resisting diseases, so that the method has great economic value.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to preferred embodiments. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.
Example 1
A method for cross breeding of excellent carp varieties comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) breeding male parent carp: selecting male carps which grow for two years and have the volume larger than 1 kilogram at the end of summer, selecting female carps which grow for two years and have the volume larger than 1 kilogram at the same time, separately culturing the male carps and the female carps for one year, screening, carrying out mixed culture in a breeding season of the second year for breeding, separately culturing the bred male carps and female carps again, screening the male carps as hybrid male parents again, carrying out screening after the male carps and the female carps are separately cultured for one year, wherein the carps which grow fast and have the weight larger than two kilograms are cultured, the culture conditions of the mixed culture and the separate culture are consistent, the temperature is 20 degrees, and the fish feed adding amount is equal;
(2) and (3) breeding female parent carassius auratus gibelio: selecting female carassius auratus gibelio and female carassius auratus gibelio which grow for one year and have a volume of more than 0.5 kg in summer, separating and culturing under the same condition, wherein the culturing condition is that the water temperature is 18 ℃, feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, feeding is carried out for 20 minutes each time, male and female are mixed and cultured after 1 year of culturing, and then breeding is carried out, and the female carassius auratus gibelio is screened as a hybrid female parent after being cultured for a period of time;
(3) and (3) hybridization breeding: separately cultivating the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent for one year, then carrying out mixed cultivation, keeping the water temperature at 20 ℃ in a breeding season after the mixed cultivation for one year, adding a proper amount of fish material, when the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent carry out hybrid breeding, wherein the conditions of the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent in the single cultivation for one year are both the water temperature of 22 ℃, feeding the fish material for 2 times every day, increasing the amount of the fish material for 3 times after the cultivation for one year, and adding 0.01g/kg luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue into the fish material;
(4) disease-resistant screening: separately culturing Cyprinus Carpio in a pool with suitable environment, and adding 1 × 102Culturing CFU/L of hirsutella albopictus and fluorescent hirsutella auricularia for 5 days, and screening out healthy carps;
(5) mating and seedling raising: and (4) placing the healthy carps screened in the step (4) into proper conditions for cultivation, enabling the carps to freely mate to obtain excellent carps when in a breeding season, keeping the water temperature at 23 ℃ under the proper cultivation conditions, feeding the carps for 3 times every day, keeping running water, and increasing the amount of the carps fed each time by one fifth when in the breeding season.
Example 2
A method for cross breeding of excellent carp varieties comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) breeding male parent carp: selecting male carps which grow for two years and have the volume larger than 1 kilogram at the end of summer, selecting female carps which grow for two years and have the volume larger than 1 kilogram at the same time, separately culturing the male carps and the female carps for one year, screening, carrying out mixed culture in a breeding season of the second year for breeding, separately culturing the bred male carps and female carps again, screening the male carps as hybrid male parents again, carrying out screening after the male carps and the female carps are separately cultured for one year, wherein the carps which grow fast and have the weight larger than two kilograms are cultured, the culture conditions of the mixed culture and the separate culture are consistent, the temperature is 28 degrees, and the fish feed adding amount is equal;
(2) and (3) breeding female parent carassius auratus gibelio: selecting female carassius auratus gibelio and female carassius auratus gibelio which grow for one year and have a volume of more than 0.5 kg in summer, separating and culturing under the same condition, wherein the culturing condition is that the water temperature is 25 ℃, feeding is carried out for 3 times every day, feeding is carried out for 30 minutes every time, male and female are mixed and cultured after 2 years of culturing, and then breeding is carried out, and the female carassius auratus gibelio is screened as a hybrid female parent after being cultured for a period of time;
(3) and (3) hybridization breeding: separately cultivating the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent for one year, then carrying out mixed cultivation, keeping the water temperature at 28 ℃ in a breeding season after the mixed cultivation for one year, adding a proper amount of fish material, when the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent carry out hybrid breeding, feeding the fish material for 3 times every day under the condition that the water temperature of the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent is 25 ℃ in the single cultivation for one year, adding the fish material for 4 times after the cultivation for one year, and adding 0.3g/kg luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue into the fish material;
(4) disease-resistant screening: separately culturing Cyprinus Carpio in a pool with suitable environment, and adding 3 × 104Culturing CFU/L of hirsutella albopictus and fluorescent hirsutella auricularia for 15 days, and screening out healthy carps;
(5) mating and seedling raising: and (3) placing the healthy carps screened in the step (4) into proper conditions for cultivation, enabling the carps to freely mate to obtain excellent carps when in a breeding season, keeping the water temperature at 25 ℃ under the proper cultivation conditions, feeding the carps for 4 times every day, keeping running water, and increasing the amount of the carps fed each time by one fifth when in the breeding season.
Example 3
A method for cross breeding of excellent carp varieties comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) breeding male parent carp: selecting male carps which grow for two years and have the volume larger than 1 kilogram at the end of summer, selecting female carps which grow for two years and have the volume larger than 1 kilogram at the same time, separately culturing the male carps and the female carps for one year, screening, carrying out mixed culture in a breeding season of the second year for breeding, separately culturing the bred male carps and female carps again, screening the male carps as hybrid male parents again, carrying out screening after the male carps and the female carps are separately cultured for one year, wherein the carps which grow fast and have the weight larger than two kilograms are cultured, the culture conditions of the mixed culture and the separate culture are consistent, the temperature is 25 degrees, and the fish feed adding amount is equal;
(2) and (3) breeding female parent carassius auratus gibelio: selecting female carassius auratus gibelio and female carassius auratus gibelio which grow for one year and have a volume of more than 0.5 kg in summer, separating and culturing under the same condition, wherein the culturing condition is that the water temperature is 20 ℃, feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, feeding is carried out for 30 minutes every time, male and female are mixed and cultured after 2 years of culturing, and then breeding is carried out, and the female carassius auratus gibelio is screened as a hybrid female parent after being cultured for a period of time;
(3) and (3) hybridization breeding: separately cultivating the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent for one year, then carrying out mixed cultivation, keeping the water temperature at 25 ℃ in a breeding season after the mixed cultivation for one year, adding a proper amount of fish material, when the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent carry out hybrid breeding, wherein the conditions of the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent in the single cultivation for one year are both the water temperature of 22 ℃, feeding the fish material for 3 times every day, increasing the amount of the fish material for 3 times after the cultivation for one year, and adding 0.2g/kg luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue into the fish material;
(4) disease-resistant screening: separately culturing Cyprinus Carpio in a pool with suitable environment, and adding 1 × 103Culturing CFU/L of hirsutella albopictus and fluorescent hirsutella auricularia for 10 days, and screening out healthy carps;
(5) mating and seedling raising: and (3) placing the healthy carps screened in the step (4) into proper conditions for cultivation, enabling the carps to freely mate to obtain excellent carps when in a breeding season, keeping the water temperature at 25 ℃ under the proper cultivation conditions, feeding the carps for 4 times every day, keeping running water, and increasing the amount of the carps fed each time by one fifth when in the breeding season.
In the above examples, examples 1 to 3 were carried out completely according to the procedures of the present invention, the hybrid carps of examples 1, 2 and 3 were used as experimental groups, experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and experimental group 3, respectively, carps of the same growth period selected by the method of step (1) were used as control groups, male and female were divided into 4 groups, control group 1, control group 2 and control group 3, respectively, and the six groups were kept in a uniform environment and fed in the same manner, and 3 x 10 was added to the 6 groups after half a year of cultivation5Growth of 6 groups of tilapia after CFU/10L of T.albidoides and T.fluorescens and further cultivation for one year is shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 growth of various groups of carp
As can be seen from the above table, the carps bred completely according to the steps of the invention have the advantages of fast growth, strong capability of resisting common diseases of carps such as white skin disease and pseudomonas fluorescens infection, simple operation, fast sale realization and great economic value.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for cross breeding of excellent carp varieties is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) breeding male parent carp: selecting male carps which grow for two years and have the volume more than 1 kilogram at the end of summer, selecting female carps which grow for two years and have the volume more than 1 kilogram at the same time, breeding the male carps and the female carps after breeding for one year separately, carrying out mixed culture in a breeding season of the second year for breeding, then carrying out separate culture on the bred male and female carps again, and screening out the male carps as hybrid male parents again;
(2) and (3) breeding female parent carassius auratus gibelio: selecting female carassius auratus gibelio and female carassius auratus gibelio which grow for one year and have the volume of more than 0.5 kg in summer, separating and culturing under the same condition, culturing for 1-2 years, then carrying out mixed culture on males and females, breeding, and screening the female carassius auratus gibelio as a hybrid female parent after culturing for a period of time;
(3) and (3) hybridization breeding: separately culturing the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent for one year, then carrying out mixed culture, keeping the water temperature at 20-28 ℃ in a breeding season after the mixed culture for one year, adding a proper amount of fish feed, and carrying out hybrid breeding on the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent;
(4) disease-resistant screening: separately culturing Cyprinus Carpio bred by hybridization in a water pool with suitable environment, adding small amount of hirsutella albopictus and hirsutella fluorescens into the water pool, culturing for 5-15 days, and screening out healthy Cyprinus Carpio;
(5) mating and seedling raising: and (4) placing the healthy carp screened in the step (4) into proper conditions for cultivation, and enabling the carp to freely mate when reaching a breeding period to obtain a carp fine variety.
2. The method for cross breeding of the excellent carp variety according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), after the carp is singly cultivated for one year, the carp is screened, the carp grows rapidly and has a weight of more than two kilograms, the culture conditions of the mixed culture and the separate culture are consistent, the temperature is 20-28 degrees, and the fish material feeding amount is equal.
3. The method for cross breeding of the excellent carp variety according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the carassius auratus gibelio is cultured under the conditions that the water temperature is 18-25 ℃, feeding is carried out for 2-3 times every day, and each feeding is carried out for 20-30 minutes.
4. The method for cross breeding of the excellent carp variety according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the conditions of the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent in the single cultivation for one year are both water temperature of 22-25 ℃, fish feed is fed for 2-3 times every day, and the amount of the fish feed is increased for 3-4 times after the cultivation for one year.
5. The method for cross breeding of the excellent carp variety according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fish feed is added with 0.01-0.3g/kg of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue.
6. The method for cross breeding of the excellent carp variety according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step (4), the increase amount of the rhizoctonia and the fluorescence polar bacillus is 1 x 102-3*104CFU/L。
7. The method for cross breeding of the excellent carp variety according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the proper cultivation conditions are that the water temperature is kept at 23-25 ℃, fish feed is fed for 3-4 times per day, and running water is kept flowing, and the amount of the fish feed fed for each time is increased by one fifth when the fish feed is fed for the breeding season.
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