CN111103231A - Method for measuring fiber dropping performance of textile - Google Patents
Method for measuring fiber dropping performance of textile Download PDFInfo
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- CN111103231A CN111103231A CN201911388574.XA CN201911388574A CN111103231A CN 111103231 A CN111103231 A CN 111103231A CN 201911388574 A CN201911388574 A CN 201911388574A CN 111103231 A CN111103231 A CN 111103231A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring fiber dropping performance of a textile. Firstly, the front side of one textile sample is combined with the back side of the other textile sample to form a closed combined sample, after the closed combined sample is washed under specified conditions, fibers in a washing solution are uniformly collected on a filtering area of a filter cloth, the shape of the filtering area is the same as that of a fiber dropping grade sample, then the covering condition of the fibers collected on the filter cloth is compared with that of the fiber dropping grade sample, and the fiber dropping performance grade of the textile is evaluated. The invention provides a method for testing and evaluating the fiber dropping performance of a textile in a targeted manner, provides a method basis for measuring the fiber dropping performance of the textile, can carry out scientific and fair evaluation on the fiber dropping textile in the market, standardizes the market, ensures the rights and interests of consumers, and fills the blank of the corresponding field. The method has reasonable flow, simple operation, convenience and easy learning, and is suitable for various detection mechanisms and laboratories of various enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fabric performance testing, in particular to a method for measuring fiber dropping performance of a textile.
Background
When textiles such as clothes, bedding, interior decoration and the like are used or washed, if fibers drop off in a large amount, the wearing attractiveness and the service life are affected, other articles are contaminated, environmental pollution is caused, allergy is caused even, and the body health is affected. At present, no related method for measuring the fiber dropping performance of the textile exists, more tests are related to the aspects of fur dropping amount, blanket unhairing, fluffing and the like of products, and the applicable products are generally products with long fluff and large hair dropping amount, and are not applicable to most of textile fabrics taking textile fibers as raw materials, particularly light and thin textiles. For example, the fur-falling testing method of the national standard GB/T25880-2010 stipulates the principle and the operation procedure of using a fur-falling tester to measure the fur-falling amount of fur, and is suitable for the execution of beaver rabbit hair, fox fur and mink fur and other furs according to references. Therefore, the method for determining the fiber loss condition of the textile is very important, and can provide an effective evaluation and assessment means for standardizing the market and ensuring the rights and interests of consumers.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for measuring the fiber dropping performance of a textile.
The invention provides a method for measuring the fiber dropping performance of a textile, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a combined sample: the front side of one textile sample is attached to the back side of the other textile sample, and then the textile sample is combined along the edge of the sample and a port is reserved; then turning over the front and back sides of the combined sample through the reserved opening, and then closing the reserved opening to obtain a combined sample;
(2) sample washing: adding a stainless steel ball, a combined sample and tertiary water into a sealed container, fixing the sealed container on the circular inner wall of a washing device, and washing for 20-100min under the condition of the rotating speed of 20-120 r/min; maintaining the sealed container at a constant temperature of 30-60 ℃ in the washing process;
(3) fiber filtration: after washing is finished, taking out the combined sample and the stainless steel balls from the sealed container to obtain a washing solution; clamping the filter cloth on a filter device, pouring out the washing liquid, and uniformly collecting fibers falling in the washing liquid on a filter area of the filter cloth, wherein the shape of the filter area is the same as that of a fiber falling grade sample; taking down the filter cloth, and spreading and airing;
(4) grading: putting the filter cloth and the fiber-falling rating sample photo obtained in the step 3) into a rating lamp box, wherein the included angle between incident light and the surfaces of the filter cloth and the fiber-falling rating sample photo is 40-50 degrees, and the observation direction is vertical to the surfaces of the filter cloth and the fiber-falling rating sample photo; and (4) comparing the coverage condition of the fibers collected on the filter cloth with a fiber dropping grade sample, and evaluating the fiber dropping performance grade of the textile.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention discloses a method for testing and evaluating the fiber dropping performance of a textile, which aims at providing the method for testing and evaluating the fiber dropping performance of the textile.
2. The method overcomes the defects that the existing hair falling test methods for testing fur, towels, sanded products and the like are not suitable for light and thin products with short fiber hair, provides a method basis for testing the fiber falling performance of textiles, and fills the blank of the corresponding field.
3. The method selects proper filter cloth, and ensures the filtering speed and the filtering quality of the liquid of the fallen fibers after washing.
4. The method has reasonable flow, simple operation, convenience and easy learning, and is suitable for popularization and use in laboratories of various detection institutions and various enterprises.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The specific examples are only intended to illustrate the invention in further detail and do not limit the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.
The invention provides a method for measuring fiber dropping performance of a textile (method for short), which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a combined sample: the front side of one textile sample is attached to the back side of the other textile sample, then the edges of the samples are sewn and reserved, and the sewing is used for avoiding the influence of fiber falling at the cut and the edges on the measurement result and simultaneously limiting the effective test area of the combined sample; then, turning over the front side and the back side of the sewed sample through the reserved opening, and sewing the reserved opening to obtain a combined sample, wherein the combined sample can simulate the front side and the back side of a fabric; making at least two combined samples; when the combined sample has both dark and light colors, at least four combined samples need to be made.
Preferably, the sample is a textile of size (110 ± 2) mm x (110 ± 2) mm; the effective test area of the combined sample may be 100cm2、200cm2Or 400cm2And the like.
(2) Sample washing: adding 10-100 (preferably 50) corrosion-resistant stainless steel balls with the diameter of 4-8mm (preferably 6mm), a combined sample and enough tertiary water for fully washing the combined sample into a sealed container at room temperature, pressing by a glass rod to fully wet the combined sample, fixing the sealed container on a circular inner wall which is arranged inside a washing device and is 35-55mm away from the central axis of the washing device, and washing for 20-100min at the rotating speed of 20-120r/min (preferably 40 +/-2 r/min); maintaining constant temperature of 30-60 deg.C (preferably 40 + -2 deg.C) in the sealed container during washing process;
the sealed container is a cylindrical stainless steel container with the capacity of 500-600mL, the diameter of 70-80mm and the height of 115-135 mm; when the effective test area of the combined sample is more than 400cm2The stainless steel container has a capacity of at least 1L.
The washing device adopts a water bath with a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is in a radial shape and uniformly supports a plurality of stainless steel containers.
The tertiary water meets the regulations in the national standard GB/T6682-2008, namely the pH value is 5.0-7.5 under the condition of 25 ℃, the conductivity is less than or equal to 0.50mS/m, and the content of oxidizable substances is less than or equal to 0.40 mg/L;
(3) fiber filtration: after washing is finished, taking out the combined sample and the stainless steel balls from the sealed container, clamping the combined sample by using two glass rods, extruding three-level water on the combined sample from top to bottom into the sealed container at one time, and obtaining a washing solution; preparing filter cloths with the same quantity as the combined samples; clamping the filter cloth on a filter device in a horizontal state and ensuring that the filter cloth is completely unfolded, so that fibers collected on the filter cloth can be uniformly distributed, pouring out the washing liquid at a constant speed, and uniformly collecting the fibers falling in the washing liquid on a filter area of the filter cloth, wherein the shape of the filter area is the same as that of a fiber falling grade sample; taking down the filter cloth, and naturally spreading and airing;
the filter cloth is made of standard cotton lining fabric which meets the national standard GB/T7568.2-2008, and the size of the filter cloth is larger than 50mm multiplied by 50 mm; the color of the combined sample is white or light, and a dark color filter cloth is used; the color of the combined sample is dark, and light color filter cloth is used; when the combined sample has a dark color and a light color, selecting two kinds of filter cloths of the light color and the dark color; the definition of dark color and light color refers to the specification of national standard GB/T4841.3-2006, and the dark color is a deep color card with the color larger than 1/12 dye dyeing standard;
(4) grading: putting the filter cloth and the fiber-falling rating sample photo obtained in the step 3) into a rating lamp box, wherein the included angle between incident light and the surfaces of the filter cloth and the fiber-falling rating sample photo is 40-50 degrees (preferably 45 degrees), and the observation direction is vertical to the surfaces of the filter cloth and the fiber-falling rating sample photo; and (3) comparing the coverage condition of the fibers collected on the filter cloth, namely the distribution condition of the fibers on the filter cloth with a fiber dropping grade sample, and evaluating the fiber dropping performance grade of the textile.
The grading lamp box is a D65 light source, and the illumination of the light source is more than or equal to 600 lx.
The fiber dropping grade sample photo consists of five grades of standard sample photos; the rating scale is from 1 to 5, the half scale is a step, the number of the grades is 9, and the higher the rating scale is, the textile has good fiber dropping performance, namely, the fibers are not easy to drop. Grade 5 standard control: the coverage rate of the fibers to the filter cloth is 0-5%, and at the moment, a little amount of fibers or no fibers are distributed on the filter cloth; grade 4 standard control: the coverage rate of the fibers to the filter cloth is 10-20%, and a small amount of fibers are distributed on the filter cloth; grade 3 standard control: the coverage rate of the fiber on the filter cloth is 25-35%, and at the moment, more fibers are distributed on the filter cloth; grade 2 standard control: the coverage rate of the fibers to the filter cloth is 45-55%, and a large amount of fibers are distributed on the filter cloth at the moment; grade 1 standard control: the coverage rate of the fibers to the filter cloth is 70-80%, and the filter cloth has a great amount of fibers distributed;
when the grade is evaluated, at least two graders respectively select standard sample photographs of corresponding grades which are closest to the covering condition of the fibers collected on the filter cloth; if the fiber is considered to be between two grades, the half grade is taken, particularly the condition between a 4-grade standard sample control and a 5-grade standard sample control is evaluated as 4.5 grade, namely the coverage rate of the fiber to the filter cloth is 5-10 percent and two end points are not included; a rating of 3.5 between the 3-grade and 4-grade standards, i.e., 20-25% fiber coverage to the filter cloth and not both endpoints; a rating of 2.5 between the class 2 and class 3 standards, i.e., fiber coverage of 35-45% to the filter cloth and not both endpoints; a rating of 1.5 between the class 1 and class 2 standards, i.e., 55-70% fiber coverage to the filter cloth and not both endpoints; the condition of the standard sample is rated as 0.5 grade under the condition of 1 grade standard sample, namely the coverage rate of the fiber to the filter cloth is more than 80 percent;
recording the rating grade of each combined sample by all the raters, wherein the rating result of each combined sample is the average value of the rating grade of all the raters; when the rating result is not an integer, comparing the rating result with the average value of two grades with half-grade range difference; and when the rating result is larger than the average value of the two grades, taking the high grade, and when the rating result is smaller than the average value, taking the low grade. For example, if the average rating is 4.16, the two grades with half-grade difference are respectively 4 grades and 4.5 grades, the average rating is 4.25, and 4.16 is less than 4.25, the low rating, i.e. 4 grades, are taken, i.e. the textile fiber loss performance is rated as 4 grades. For another example, if the average value of the rating grades is 3.76, the two grades with half-grade range difference are respectively 4 grades and 3.5 grades, the average value of the two grades is 3.75, and 3.76 is more than 3.75, the high grade, i.e. 4 grade, is taken, i.e. the grade for evaluating the fiber dropping performance of the textile is 4 grade.
And when only two graders and the difference of the two graders in the evaluation levels of the same combined sample is more than 0.5 level, increasing the third grader for grading, wherein the grading result is the average value of the evaluation levels of the three graders.
When the combined sample has both the dark color and the light color, so that the dark color filter cloth and the light color filter cloth are used, the dark color filter cloth and the light color filter cloth need to be graded respectively, and the grading result of the combined sample is the lower grade of the two grading grades.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring the fiber dropping performance of textiles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a combined sample: the front side of one textile sample is attached to the back side of the other textile sample, and then the textile sample is combined along the edge of the sample and a port is reserved; then turning over the front and back sides of the combined sample through the reserved opening, and then closing the reserved opening to obtain a combined sample;
(2) sample washing: adding a stainless steel ball, a combined sample and tertiary water into a sealed container, fixing the sealed container on the circular inner wall of a washing device, and washing for 20-100min under the condition of the rotating speed of 20-120 r/min; maintaining the constant temperature condition of 30-60 ℃ in the sealed container in the washing process;
(3) fiber filtration: after washing is finished, taking out the combined sample and the stainless steel balls from the sealed container to obtain a washing solution; clamping the filter cloth on a filter device, pouring out the washing liquid, and uniformly collecting fibers falling in the washing liquid on a filter area of the filter cloth, wherein the shape of the filter area is the same as that of a fiber falling grade sample; taking down the filter cloth, and spreading and airing;
(4) grading: putting the filter cloth and the fiber-falling rating sample photo obtained in the step 3) into a rating lamp box, wherein the included angle between incident light and the surfaces of the filter cloth and the fiber-falling rating sample photo is 40-50 degrees, and the observation direction is vertical to the surfaces of the filter cloth and the fiber-falling rating sample photo; and (4) comparing the coverage condition of the fibers collected on the filter cloth with a fiber dropping grade sample, and evaluating the fiber dropping performance grade of the textile.
2. A method for determining fiber drop performance of a textile according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), at least two combined samples are prepared; when the combined sample has both dark and light colors, at least four combined samples need to be made.
3. The method for measuring the fiber dropping performance of the textile according to claim 1, wherein the stainless steel balls in the step 2) are corrosion-resistant stainless steel balls with the diameter of 4-8mm, and the number of the stainless steel balls is 10-100.
4. A method for measuring fiber dropping performance of a textile according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2), the sealed container is a cylindrical stainless steel container; the washing device adopts a water bath with a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft uniformly supports a plurality of sealed containers in a radial shape; the sealed container is fixed on the circular inner wall which is 35-55mm away from the central axis of the washing device.
5. A method for measuring fiber dropping performance of textile according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the filter cloth is clamped on the filter device in a horizontal state and is completely unfolded, and the washing liquid is poured out at a constant speed, so that the fibers collected on the filter cloth can be uniformly distributed.
6. A method for measuring fiber dropping performance of a textile according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 3), the filter cloth uses a standard cotton lining fabric; the color of the combined sample is light, and a dark color filter cloth is used; the color of the combined sample is dark, and light color filter cloth is used; when both dark and light colors are present on the combined sample, both light and dark color filter cloths are selected.
7. The lighting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4), the rating light box is a D65 light source with an illumination intensity of 600lx or more.
8. A method of determining the fiber drop performance of a textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the drop rating panel consists of five rating standards panels; grade 5 standard control: the coverage rate of the fiber to the filter cloth is 0-5%; grade 4 standard control: the coverage rate of the fiber to the filter cloth is 10-20%; grade 3 standard control: the coverage rate of the fiber to the filter cloth is 25-35%; grade 2 standard control: the coverage rate of the fiber to the filter cloth is 45-55 percent; grade 1 standard control: the coverage rate of the fiber to the filter cloth is 70-80%;
when the grade is evaluated, at least two graders respectively select standard sample photographs of corresponding grades which are closest to the covering condition of the fibers collected on the filter cloth; if the standard sample is considered to be between two grades, taking a half grade, and evaluating the condition between a 4-grade standard sample photo and a 5-grade standard sample photo as a 4.5 grade, the condition between a 3-grade standard sample photo and a 4-grade standard sample photo as a 3.5 grade, the condition between a 2-grade standard sample photo and a 3-grade standard sample photo as a 2.5 grade, the condition between a 1-grade standard sample photo and a 2-grade standard sample photo as a 1.5 grade, and the condition less than the 1-grade standard sample photo as a 0.5 grade;
recording the rating grade of each combined sample by all the raters, wherein the rating result of each combined sample is the average value of the rating grade of all the raters; when the rating result is not an integer, comparing the rating result with the average value of two grades with half-grade range difference; when the rating result is larger than the average value of the two grades, the high grade is selected, and when the rating result is smaller than the average value of the two grades, the low grade is selected.
9. The method for determining fiber dropping performance of textile products according to claim 8, wherein when only two graders have different rating series of more than 0.5 grade, the third grader is added to perform grading, and the grading result is the average value of the rating series of the three graders.
10. A method for determining the fiber shedding performance of a textile according to claim 8, wherein when both dark and light color filters are used in the combined sample, the dark color filter and the light color filter are rated separately, and the combined sample is rated as the lower of the two ratings.
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