CN103454213A - Method and device suitable for measuring fluffing and pilling amount and abrasion amount of textile - Google Patents

Method and device suitable for measuring fluffing and pilling amount and abrasion amount of textile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103454213A
CN103454213A CN2013103826911A CN201310382691A CN103454213A CN 103454213 A CN103454213 A CN 103454213A CN 2013103826911 A CN2013103826911 A CN 2013103826911A CN 201310382691 A CN201310382691 A CN 201310382691A CN 103454213 A CN103454213 A CN 103454213A
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friction
rotating cylinder
filoplume
cloth specimen
sample
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CN103454213B (en
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于伟东
万爱兰
刘洪玲
王婷
华新忠
陆卫国
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Donghua University
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Donghua University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device suitable for measuring the fluffing and pilling amount and abrasion amount of a textile. The device is composed of a cloth sample barrel for coiling and clamping the textile, a rubbing mechanism for fluffing and pilling a cloth sample, a mini-type dust collector for collecting fallen fibers and fuzzy balls, an electrostatic electrode for assisting filoplume to be vertical, a collector for shearing and collecting the fuzzy balls and the filoplume, an optical measurement system for observing the fuzzy balls of the cloth sample, an electronic scale for weighing the weight of the filoplume fuzzy balls, a data acquisition and control system and a computer. The measurement method comprises the following steps: after coiling the cloth sample by equal tension, immediately measuring the filoplume significance as well as the quantity, form, size and distribution of the fuzzy balls; rubbing, fluffing and pilling to prepare a sample and synchronously measuring the process and measuring the filoplume significance of a final rubbing sample, the fuzzy ball quantity, the abrasion to the filoplume fuzzy balls and the remaining amount. The device and the method are ingenious, practical, accurate and quantitative; in-situ measurement for one machine with a plurality of purposes and one measurement process with a plurality of indexes is realized; the device and the method can be used for preparing the sample by fluffing and pilling the textile, measuring the fluffing and pilling amount and abrasion amount of the textile, and carrying out comprehensive analysis and evaluation.

Description

A kind of measuring method and device that is suitable for fabric pilling amount and wear extent thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method and device that is suitable for fabric ball top and filoplume quality and wear extent, and the pilling resistance of prediction fabric and the evaluation method of wearer mass measurement, be the measurement mechanism that a tractor serves several purposes, is surveyed many indexs, belong to textile quality evaluation and technical field of measurement and test.
Background technology
Pilling is a large visible defect of fabric, in dress is used, exposes gradually.Fabric pilling device for measuring properties and instrument commonly used have: domestic YG511 type plays globe, Britain ICI balling-up tester, and the ultimate principle structure is identical.It will be to be tried fabric wrap on rubber rollers, put inwall into and be free to tumble in the hexahedron cylinder of cork sheet.Contrast photo standard specimen after regularly taking out, rating.The shortcoming of this kind of method is:
1,, during sapce charge, must be equipped with the knitting machine of various pins number, and need manually knit sheet.
2, adopt artificial visually examine's evaluation after the sample friction, error is large.
3, current organosilicon is in a large number for knitted fabric post-finishing, with after organosilyl cork sheet friction of knitting in sheet and cylinder, having stain cork sheet, make very soon cork sheet become smooth, friction force reduces gradually until disappear, and has a strong impact on the reappearance of test correctness and test.
Another kind of measurement mechanism commonly used is that the domestic YG401C type of Martindale (Martindale) fabric wear resistant instrument is tested, and its shortcoming is:
1,, during sapce charge, must be equipped with the knitting machine of various pins number, and need manually knit sheet.
2, the instrument fraction time is long, and the Area of Sample of being tested is little, representative poor.
3, estimate the error that grading or weighing appraise through comparison after the friction large.
4, the raw material of different fineness, different blending ratios, the knitting machine density difference with different, be difficult to work out feasible standard.
5, abrasive material used can only adopt the felt of Britain's import, price, and be difficult to adapt to the friction requirement of different material.
These are all industry member and detection department pilling measuring method and device commonly used, but are all to carry out the pilling evaluation without the source textile reference for the fabric after friction.In addition, by the friction media that can change, place rubber rollers, felt, etc. simulate production run or take process.
Owing to just fabric being carried out to the static state test and appraisal, and be the evaluation for the balling-up result, lack objectivity and intuitive.On the other hand, the instrument fraction time is long, tests littlely with knitting the sheet area, and the representativeness of sample is poor, after friction, be qualitatively ocular estimate or quantitative cutting filoplume and ball top weight method error all larger.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to seek the online in-situ measuring method of the online in site measurement of a kind of filoplume significance that integrates fabric and ball top quantity, form size and distribution thereof, wearer weight, and applicable to the exquisiteness of the actual detection of industrialization, practicality, precisely, quantitatively measuring device, to overcome defect in this type of assessment technique and the evaluation of internalise.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, principle of the present invention is to obtain initial sample by isostension package cloth specimen, measures immediately its filoplume significance and ball top quantity, form size and distribution thereof under the effect of electrostatic attraction electrode; With the reciprocal translation of the horizontal one direction of friction block, on rotating cylinder, cloth specimen is motionless or carry out back rotation and friction block is motionless or with the asymmetric or symmetrical reciprocal translation motion combination that comes back rotation and friction block of cloth specimen on rotating cylinder with cloth specimen on rotating cylinder asymmetric or symmetrical, realization, to the fabric pilling sample preparation, obtains the friction sample; Synchronously, be collected in filoplume and the ball top that in mill cloth process, wearing and tearing are dropped and weigh and forward filoplume and the ball top amount on the cloth specimen in the visual field to microscope camera system observation with the wearer gatherer, the friction sample after friction is done to whole apparent filoplume and ball top quantity, form and big or small measurement; Filoplume and ball top quantity, shape and sizes values and dynamic change and the end value of wear and tear value, ball top, pilling behavior and the pilling resistance thereof of comprehensive evaluation cloth specimen thus by the data of all collections and image input computing machine the initial sample of calculation and evaluation and friction sample.The principle of this measurement is original position, composite measurement, one machine is surveyed more, the many indexs of a survey, strong interference immunity, representative good, measurement mechanism and the calculating control system with this measuring principle, set up, delicate structure, practicality, measure precisely, conveniently, and fore-and-aft survey is independent, the nothing impact, can realize the comprehensive evaluation to fabric pilling amount, form, wear extent and pilling resistance thereof.
A concrete technical scheme of the present invention has been to provide a kind of measurement mechanism that is suitable for fabric pilling amount and wear extent thereof, it is characterized in that, comprise package and the cloth specimen cylinder that clamps tested fabric, be positioned at the friction mechanism of cloth specimen cylinder one side for institute's package cloth specimen is carried out to the pilling friction, be arranged in cloth specimen cylinder below and collect the drop micro-cleaner of fiber and ball top of friction, help the electrostatic attraction electrode that filoplume is holded up to cut and the filoplume ball top gatherer of collecting ball top and filoplume with shaving, be positioned at ball top quantity on the Observable cloth specimen of cloth specimen cylinder top and big or small optical measuring system, take the Precision Electronics Balance of filoplume and ball top quality, gather and analyze institute's data of surveying and control Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) and the computing machine formation that each mechanism moves.
Preferably, described cloth specimen cylinder by having strip groove and the rotating cylinder of being buckled by ratchet in both ends of the surface on the face of cylinder, bar is shaft-like and bending two ends inboard with ratchet for the side pressure bar of fixing cloth specimen head end, tail press strip, clamping cloth specimen tail end for fixedly cloth specimen tail end consistent with side pressure bar planform and realize the weight clip of isostension package cloth specimen, for the scalpel that cuts off cloth specimen, the rotaty step motor of the rotating drum shaft driver that through-drive is connected with rotaty step motor, the driving rotating cylinder rotation that is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) is formed; All there is ratchet the bending two ends section inboard of described side pressure bar and tail press strip, by the engagement with the ratchet button, realizes the compression clamping to cloth specimen, and it steps up the face of cylinder that height after sample does not exceed rotating cylinder;
Described rotaty step motor can drive rotating cylinder to do asymmetricly to come back rotation or symmetry to carry out back rotation, realize the package cloth specimen pivoting friction sample preparation vertically or with the friction sample preparation of Li Sharu curve of having matched that moves around of the level of described friction mechanism friction block; Described rotating cylinder is done asymmetricly to come back rotation to refer to that rotaty step motor asymmetricly carrys out back rotation, drives rotating cylinder to do back rotation and unidirectional progressive rotation simultaneously, when the progressive rotation of rotating cylinder reaches the friction n1 of setting during week, complete the package cloth specimen is done to carry out the back rotation pilling along rotating cylinder rotation direction asymmetric, describedly asymmetricly come the advancing angle θ a of back rotation to be greater than receding angle θ b, and θ a is 5 °～180 °, and described n1 is more than or equal to 1; Described rotating cylinder do symmetrical rotate back and forth the symmetry that refers to by described rotaty step motor back and forth the rotating drive rotating cylinder make the pivoting friction back and forth of symmetric angle θ, until set repeat to rub all number n2 or claim all number n2 of friction the time, complete the package cloth specimen is done to carry out the back rotation pilling along the symmetry of rotating cylinder rotation direction, described n2 is more than or equal to 10.
Preferably, described friction mechanism is comprised of friction block, translation mechanism, translation stepper motor, described translation stepper motor is made the back rotation of coming of symmetrical expression, drive translation mechanism to drive friction block and do back and forth translation back and forth, make friction block do the unidirectional reciprocal translation friction of level sample preparation to cloth specimen, or come back rotation or the symmetrical pilling friction sample preparation that comes the back rotation cooperative motion to complete the Li Sharu curve with described rotating cylinder asymmetric; Described translation stepper motor is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS).
Preferably, described micro-cleaner comprises having and the slit suction pipe and the suction cleaner that with slit suction pipe be connected of described rotating cylinder with width flat suction inlet, described slit suction pipe is under the swabbing action of suction cleaner, powerful suction filoplume fast and bonding ball top, realize filoplume and ball top that in the synchronous collection friction, wearing and tearing are dropped; Described suction cleaner is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS);
Described electrostatic attraction electrode comprises electrode and the negative high voltage source be comprised of bonding jumper and external insulation layer, and described electrode is divided into preposition electrode and rearmounted electrode; Described negative high voltage source provides negative electrostatic potential to bonding jumper, to help filoplume, with ball top, holds up and separates; Described negative high voltage source is controlled by Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS);
Described Precision Electronics Balance is that it is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) for taking that the friction that is collected in micro-cleaner is dropped and shaving filoplume and the ball top of cutting.
Preferably, described filoplume ball top gatherer comprises and cuts ball device, shaver, propulsive mechanism and propelling stepper motor; Described propelling stepper motor can be done at a slow speed forward and reversion fast, drives propulsive mechanism to drive to cut ball device and shaver to advance and shaves cropping plumage and ball top and retreat Rapid reset; Described propelling stepper motor is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS); The described ball device of cutting is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) with shaver; The described ball device of cutting is connected with suction cleaner and is controlled by Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) by aspiration channel with shaver.
Preferably, described optical measuring system by can the apparent filoplume of whole imaging observation package cloth specimen and the CCD image pick-up device of ball top form and quantity, side direction projection light according to and can regulate the projection lamp of projectional angle, fixing button that fixedly projection lamp also can slide on arc groove, form with the arc groove in the Xian Wei center of circle, point of contact of horizontal section on rotating cylinder; Described CCD image pick-up device is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS); Described projection lamp is controlled by Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS).
Preferably, described Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) comprises rotaty step motor control module, translation step motor control unit, propelling step motor control unit, projecting lamp brightness control unit, dust suction collection control module, static voltage switch and voltage control unit, cropping ball and shaves filoplume control module, image capture module and the value of weighing acquisition module; Described Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) is connected with data line with computing machine.
Another technical scheme of the present invention has been to provide a kind of method of applying the above-mentioned measurement mechanism that is suitable for fabric pilling amount and wear extent thereof, it is characterized in that, step is:
The first step, isostension package cloth specimen: first by the notch center line of one side parallel alignment rotating cylinder of cloth specimen, with the side pressure bar, be pressed in the rotating cylinder groove and the ratchet button at two ends is tightened, now, an end of cloth specimen is held down; After getting weight clip again and clamping the other end of cloth specimen and hang, clockwise rotate rotating cylinder one circle, cloth specimen, under the weight clip Action of Gravity Field, is evenly, is coated on rotating cylinder isostension; Then, get the tail press strip and be pressed in the rotating cylinder groove and make the ratchet at two ends buckle chucking, now the two ends of cloth specimen are secured in a press and keep some tension; Get scalpel, the cloth specimen that straight cuts tail press strip exposes, make the initial sample for the pilling experiment again;
Second step, initial sample are measured: first adjust projectional angle β and the irradiation brightness of projection lamp, open the suction cleaner of micro-cleaner and the negative high voltage source of electrostatic attraction electrode, and start rotaty step motor driving rotating cylinder with the observation rotational angle theta under measurement pattern 1rotate one by one and locate, adopt the CCD image pick-up device directly over the described initial sample of observation not the package cloth specimen of pilling this filoplume significance and ball top quantity, form size and distribute; Until the cloth specimen that moving rotating cylinder is package turns full one week, the suction cleaner of unlatching, negative high voltage source, projection lamp and rotaty step motor automatic stop, and take the weight that records initial floating fiber on cloth specimen with weighing apparatus; Acquired results is all inputted computing machine, calculates filoplume significance and ball top quantity, form size and the Distribution Value thereof of described cloth specimen, and as sample for reference;
The 3rd step, pilling sample preparation: first in computing machine, the operational mode of translation stepper motor and rotaty step motor is set to reciprocal translation friction, a kind of friction pattern in pivoting friction and the friction of Li Sharu curve back and forth; Again the friction block of friction mechanism is moved to left, with cloth specimen close contact on rotating cylinder or contact with certain pressure; Then, open the suction cleaner of micro-cleaner, negative high voltage source and the projection lamp of electrostatic attraction electrode, simultaneously:
Startup translation stepper motor carries out the relatively motionless cloth specimen of friction block and does the unidirectional reciprocal translation friction sample preparation of level, must set the process friction sample of reciprocal translation friction number of times Δ n, clockwise rotate rotating cylinder with 45 ° or 90 ° again, repeat described reciprocal translation friction sample preparation until all number n that set, be each turned position total degree N=n of repeating reciprocal translation friction * Δ n, obtain the sample that finally rubs;
Or the relatively motionless friction block of cloth specimen that the startup rotaty step motor carries out on rotating cylinder is done vertically unidirectional asymmetric or symmetrical pivoting friction back and forth sample preparation, must set the process friction sample of the progressive number of times Δ n1 of asymmetric pivoting friction back and forth, repeat the sample preparation of described asymmetric pivoting friction back and forth until all number n1 that set, be each turned position total degree N1=n1 of repeating asymmetric pivoting friction back and forth * Δ n1, obtain the sample that finally rubs; Maybe must set the process friction sample of symmetrical pivoting friction number of times Δ n2 back and forth, clockwise rotate rotating cylinder, when symmetry comes the symmetric angle θ of back rotation to be greater than 180 °, do not do any rotation and the measurement that pauses with symmetric angle θ when symmetry comes the symmetric angle θ of back rotation to be less than or equal to 180 °, then repeat described symmetry back and forth the pivoting friction sample preparation until all number n2 that set, be the repetition symmetry total degree N2=n2 of the pivoting friction * Δ n2 back and forth of each frictional position, obtain the sample that finally rubs;
Or the friction sample preparation of the Li Sharu curve friction track of the asymmetric or symmetrical reciprocal translation motion combination that comes back rotation and friction block that synchronously starts that translation stepper motor and rotaty step motor carry out cloth specimen on rotating cylinder, with the asymmetric or symmetrical Δ n1 of rotational parameters back and forth that sets or the Δ n2 process of the obtaining friction sample that rubs, with what set all number n1 or n2, repeat to rub the final friction sample of get Li Sharu curve friction track;
Described rotating cylinder is done asymmetricly to come back rotation to refer to that the asymmetric rotating drive back and forth of rotaty step motor rotating cylinder does back rotation and unidirectional progressive rotation simultaneously, when the progressive rotation of rotating cylinder reaches the n1 of setting during week, complete the package cloth specimen is done to carry out the back rotation pilling along rotating cylinder rotation direction asymmetric, describedly asymmetricly come the advancing angle θ a of back rotation to be greater than receding angle θ b, and θ a is 5 °～180 °, and described n1 is more than or equal to 1; Described rotating cylinder do symmetrical rotate back and forth the symmetry that refers to by described rotaty step motor back and forth the rotating drive rotating cylinder make the back rotation of coming of symmetric angle θ, θ is 45 °～360 °, carry out the symmetric angle θ of back rotation when the rotating cylinder symmetry and be less than or equal to 180 ° and when reaching symmetry and carrying out friction number of times Δ n2 that back rotation sets, rotating cylinder clockwise rotates rotating cylinder with symmetric angle θ, and reposition repeat symmetric angle θ be less than or equal to 180 ° symmetry back and forth pivoting friction until all number n2 that set; Carry out the symmetric angle θ of back rotation when symmetry and be greater than 180 ° and when reaching symmetry and carrying out friction number of times Δ n2 that back rotation sets, rotating cylinder is not done any rotation and the measurement that pauses, and repeat in situ symmetric angle θ be greater than 180 ° symmetry back and forth pivoting friction until set repeat all number n2 that rubs, be equivalent to rotating cylinder and rotate one week all number n2 of described rotation to former friction position, complete the package cloth specimen is done to carry out the back rotation pilling along the symmetry of rotating cylinder rotation direction, described n2 is more than or equal to 10;
The 4th step, friction sample are measured: it comprises to the measurement of process friction sample and/or to the measurement of final friction sample;
Measurements of described process friction sample refers to and completes the progressive number of times Δ n1 of described reciprocal translation friction number of times Δ n, asymmetric pivoting friction back and forth, symmetry back and forth after a kind of in pivoting friction number of times Δ n2, and when this friction position clockwise of package cloth specimen turns to the top of rotating cylinder, immediately by be positioned to directly over the CCD image pick-up device observe filoplume significance and ball top quantity, the form size of described process friction sample and distribute; Until on moving rotating cylinder, the package cloth specimen turns full one week, suspend the suction cleaner air draught, collect filoplume and ball top that wearing and tearing are dropped, and take with weighing apparatus the weight that filoplume and ball top collected in record; Acquired results is all inputted computing machine, calculate filoplume significance, ball top quantity, form size and the Distribution Value thereof of described process friction sample, and the filoplume that drops of wearing and tearing and mass area ratio value and the ball top content value of ball top, this is rub sample value of sample of process;
After the measurement of described final friction sample refers to a kind of in completing described reciprocal translation friction frequency n, asymmetric pivoting friction back and forth progressive all number n1, the symmetrical week of pivoting friction back and forth number n2, and when this friction position clockwise of package cloth specimen turns to the top of rotating cylinder, by be positioned to directly over the described final friction sample of CCD image pick-up device observation filoplume significance and ball top quantity, form size and distribute; Until on moving rotating cylinder, the package cloth specimen turns full one week, suspend the suction cleaner air draught, collect filoplume and ball top that wearing and tearing are dropped, and take with weighing apparatus the weight that filoplume and ball top collected in record; Acquired results is all inputted computing machine, calculates filoplume significance, ball top quantity, form size and the Distribution Value thereof of described final friction sample, and the filoplume that drops of wearing and tearing and mass area ratio value and the ball top content value of ball top; Then, start and cut ball device, shaver and propelling stepper motor, driving propulsive mechanism to drive to cut ball device and shaver to advance shaves cropping plumage and ball top and retreats Rapid reset, this shaves cropping plumage and ball top can 1～3 time, closes the suction cleaner air draught, collects and shave cropping plumage and ball top and take with weighing apparatus the weight that cropping plumage and ball top shaved in record; Acquired results is all inputted computing machine, the filoplume kept on the calculating cloth specimen and mass area ratio value and the ball top content value of ball top, this sample value that is final friction sample;
The 5th step, analysis-by-synthesis evaluation: the above-mentioned measurement result of last foundation is made comprehensive evaluation by computing machine to the pilling of cloth specimen, its triformed evaluation, measure and result of calculation according to the complete set of the first step to the four steps, can obtain the comprehensive evaluation to surveyed cloth specimen pilling process and final state performance thereof; According to measurement and the result of calculation of process friction sample in the first step to the three steps, can do quantitative evaluation to surveyed cloth specimen pilling process; According under same experimental conditions and the 4th pacing amount result of calculation under the impact of deduction first step package cloth specimen, the pilling complexity of different cloth specimens is done to comprehensive comparison test evaluation.
Another technical scheme of the present invention has been to provide the application of the measurement mechanism of a kind of above-mentioned fabric ball top and filoplume quality and wear extent, it is characterized in that, can be used for the measurement of fabric pilling sample preparation and pilling amount, form and wear extent and the comprehensive evaluation of pilling resistance thereof.
Another technical scheme of the present invention has been to provide the application of the measuring method of a kind of above-mentioned fabric ball top and filoplume quality and wear extent, it is characterized in that, can be used for the measurement of pilling sample preparation and fabric pilling amount, form and wear extent and the comprehensive evaluation of pilling resistance thereof.。
Before the present invention, the inventor has also applied for following patent: a kind of objective evaluation device (number of patent application: 201110142608.4 of yarn pilling situation, publication number: CN102305763A), a kind of apparatus and method (number of patent application: 201110142609.9 for yarn mill yarn pilling, publication number: CN102305764A) and the two yarn pilling evaluation methods of measuring of online turnover and device (number of patent application: 201110142607, publication number: CN102323120A) be the patent of invention that applicant is applied in the recent period.It mainly solves the measurement of pilling of single thread before and after the sample preparation of yarn sheet and wearing and tearing, and these are directly different with objective evaluation to the in situ quantitation measurement of the apparent filoplume before and after fabric pilling friction sample preparation and ball top quantity, form with the present invention.The present invention not only has typical difference on principle, method, device and the comprehensive evaluation of sample preparation and measurement, and on instant, online, the original position of measuring and substantivity, essential distinction is also arranged.
That device provided by the invention has is simple for structure, measure accurately, contain much information, the high characteristics of automaticity, can be used for fabric pilling sample preparation and woolen apparent filoplume and ball top form, quantity; The measurement of wearer quality and filoplume thereof and ball top amount and analysis-by-synthesis evaluation, also can doublely do the evaluation of fabric pilling grade.Be the measurement mechanism that a tractor serves several purposes, is surveyed many indexs, fill up the blank of the measurement aspect of fabric ball top and filoplume quality and wear extent, there is larger use value and economic implications.
Compared with prior art, the present invention includes following advantage:
1, be for fabric face filoplume and ball top amount, form and the original position of size thereof, quantitative, comprehensive instant measuring method, the pre-test and appraisal that integrate cloth specimen, sample preparation, online process measurement, final pilling is measured and aggregation of data comparative evaluation's measurement mechanism and method, be not only unique measurement mechanism and method, and really realized quick, accurate, objective, practical.
2, due to the corresponding measurement result that initial sample, process friction sample and final state friction sample are arranged, measurement and the result of its three's unification or combination in twos, the science that not only is suitable for theoretical research characterizes and experimental analysis, and is suitable for standard test and the industrialization detection of Product Quality Evaluation.
3, device is rational in infrastructure, exquisite, complete, the dress sample and the clamping that have solved the fabric sample, and the combination of friction translation and rotation realizes sample preparation and observation; The CCD image pick-up device has been realized fluffing, as filoplume significance and balling-up, as the integral body observation of ball top quantity, size and the ball top that comes off; Due to static napping and micro-cleaner realized filoplume hold up with wearer collect precisely, without losing, the measurement of realistic practicality; Measurement mechanism for a tractor serves several purposes, the many indexs of a survey.
4, measuring process science, reasonable, noiseless, first former state, after journey sample, rear wearing and tearing sample; First optics can't harm observation, rear friction is accurately measured, and to each measurement links, is all true, undamaged in site measurement, therefore measure accurate, reliable results.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is fabric ball top and filoplume quality and abrasion amount measuring schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is fabric ball top and filoplume quality and abrasion amount measuring device schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) graph of a relation;
Fig. 4 is the eigenwert of pilling process quantitative evaluation and the graph of relation of friction number of times;
Fig. 5 is the graph of relation of the comprehensive a complete set of eigenwert of estimating of pilling and friction number of times.
In figure:
The 11-rotating cylinder; 12-side pressure bar; 13-tail press strip; 14-ratchet button; The 15-weight clip; The 16-scalpel; The 17-driver; The 18-rotaty step motor.
The 2-friction mechanism, it comprises the 21-friction block; The 22-translation mechanism; 23-translation stepper motor.
The 3-micro-cleaner, it comprises 31-slit suction pipe; The 32-suction cleaner.
The 41-bonding jumper; The 42-external insulation layer; 43-negative high voltage source; The preposition electrostatic attraction electrode of 4A-; The rearmounted electrostatic attraction electrode of 4B-.
51-cuts the ball device; The 52-shaver; The 53-propulsive mechanism; 54-advances stepper motor.
The 6-optical measuring system, it comprises the 61-CCD image pick-up device; The 62-projection lamp; The 63-fixing button; The 64-arc groove.
The 7-Precision Electronics Balance.
The 8-Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS), it comprises 81-rotaty step motor control module; 82-translation step motor control unit; 83-advances the step motor control unit; 84-projecting lamp brightness control unit; Control module is collected in the 85-dust suction; 86-static voltage switch and voltage control unit; 87-cropping ball and shave the filoplume control module; The 88-image capture module; The 89-value of weighing acquisition module.
The 9-computing machine.
Embodiment
For the present invention is become apparent, hereby with preferred embodiment, and coordinate accompanying drawing to be described in detail below.Should be understood that these embodiment only are not used in and limit the scope of the invention for the present invention is described.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally.
Shown in Fig. 1～Fig. 3, following each embodiment all adopts the measurement mechanism that is suitable for fabric pilling amount and wear extent thereof of the present invention.
This device comprises package and the cloth specimen cylinder that clamps tested fabric, be positioned at cloth specimen cylinder 1 one sides for the friction mechanism 2 to institute's package cloth specimen pilling, the collection friction that the is arranged in cloth specimen cylinder below micro-cleaner 3 of fiber and ball top that drops, help the electrostatic attraction electrode that filoplume is holded up to cut and the filoplume ball top gatherer of collecting ball top and filoplume with shaving, be positioned at ball top quantity on cloth specimen cylinder 1 top Observable cloth specimen and big or small optical measuring system 6, take the Precision Electronics Balance 7 of filoplume and ball top quality, gather and analyze institute's data of surveying and control the Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) 8 that each mechanism moves, and computing machine 9.
The cloth specimen cylinder is by having strip groove and have ratchet to buckle 14 rotating cylinder 11 in both ends of the surface on the face of cylinder, bar is shaft-like and bending two ends is inboard is used for the fixedly side pressure bar 12 of cloth specimen head end with ratchet, consistent with side pressure bar 12 planforms the fixing tail press strip 13 of cloth specimen tail end, clamping cloth specimen tail end is also realized the weight clip 15 of isostension package cloth specimen, for cutting off the scalpel 16 of cloth specimen, by the rotating cylinder 11 axles driver 17 that 18 through-drive are connected with rotaty step motor, be connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) 8 and drive the rotaty step motor 18 that rotating cylinder 11 rotates to form, all there is ratchet the bending two ends section inboard of described side pressure bar 12 and tail press strip 13, by the engagement with ratchet button 14, realizes the compression clamping to cloth specimen, and it steps up the face of cylinder that height after sample does not exceed rotating cylinder 11,
Described rotaty step motor 18 can drive rotating cylinder 11 to do asymmetricly to come back rotation or symmetry to carry out back rotation, realize the package cloth specimen pivoting friction sample preparation vertically or with the friction sample preparation of Li Sharu curve of having matched that moves around of the level of described friction mechanism 2 friction blocks 21; Described rotating cylinder 11 is done asymmetricly to come back rotation to refer to that rotaty step motor 18 asymmetricly carrys out back rotation, drives rotating cylinder 11 to do back rotation and unidirectional progressive rotation simultaneously, when the progressive rotation of rotating cylinder 11 reaches the friction n1 of setting during week, complete the package cloth specimen is done to carry out the back rotation pilling along rotating cylinder 11 rotation directions asymmetric, describedly asymmetricly come the advancing angle θ a of back rotation to be greater than receding angle θ b, and θ a is 5 °～180 °, and described n1 is more than or equal to 1; Described rotating cylinder 11 do symmetrical rotate back and forth the symmetry that refers to by described rotaty step motor 18 back and forth rotating drive rotating cylinder 11 make the pivoting friction back and forth of symmetric angle θ, until set repeat to rub all number n2 or claim all number n2 of friction the time, complete the package cloth specimen is done to carry out the back rotation pilling along the symmetry of rotating cylinder 11 rotation directions, described n2 is more than or equal to 10.
Described friction mechanism 2 is comprised of friction block 21, translation mechanism 22, translation stepper motor 23, described translation stepper motor 23 is made the back rotation of coming of symmetrical expression, drive translation mechanism 22 to drive friction block 21 and do back and forth translation back and forth, make 21 pairs of cloth specimens of friction block do the unidirectional reciprocal translation friction of level sample preparation, or come back rotation or the symmetrical pilling friction sample preparation that comes the back rotation cooperative motion to complete the Li Sharu curve with described rotating cylinder 11 asymmetric; Described translation stepper motor 23 is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) 8.
Described micro-cleaner 3 comprises having and the slit suction pipe 31 and the suction cleaner 32 that with slit suction pipe 31 be connected of described rotating cylinder 11 with width flat suction inlet, described slit suction pipe 31 is under the swabbing action of suction cleaner 32, powerful suction filoplume fast and bonding ball top, realize filoplume and ball top that in the synchronous collection friction, wearing and tearing are dropped; Described suction cleaner 32 is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) 8;
Described electrostatic attraction electrode comprises electrode and the negative high voltage source 43 be comprised of bonding jumper 41 and external insulation layer 42, and described electrode is divided into preposition electrode 4A and rearmounted electrode 4B; Described negative high voltage source 43 provides negative electrostatic potential to bonding jumper 41, to help filoplume, with ball top, holds up and separates; Described negative high voltage source 43 is controlled by Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) 8;
Described Precision Electronics Balance 7 is that it is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) 8 for taking that the friction that is collected in micro-cleaner 3 is dropped and shaving filoplume and the ball top of cutting.
Described filoplume ball top gatherer comprises to be cut ball device 51, shaver 52, propulsive mechanism 53 and advances stepper motor 54; Described propelling stepper motor 54 can be done at a slow speed forward and reversion fast, drives propulsive mechanism 53 to drive to cut ball device 51 and shaver 52 to advance and shaves cropping plumage and ball top and retreat Rapid reset; Described propelling stepper motor 54 is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) 8; The described ball device 51 of cutting is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) 8 with shaver 52; Describedly cut that ball device 51 is connected with suction cleaner 32 by aspiration channel with shaver 52 and controlled by Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) 8.
Described optical measuring system 6 by can the apparent filoplume of whole imaging observation package cloth specimen and the CCD image pick-up device 61 of ball top form and quantity, side direction projection light according to and can regulate the projection lamp 62 of projectional angle, fixing button 63 that fixedly projection lamp 62 also can slide on arc groove 64, form with the arc groove 64 in the Xian Wei center of circle, point of contact of horizontal section on rotating cylinder 11; Described CCD image pick-up device 61 is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) 8; Described projection lamp 62 is controlled by Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) 8.
Described Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) 8 comprises rotaty step motor control module 81, translation step motor control unit 82, propelling step motor control unit 83, projecting lamp brightness control unit 84, dust suction collection control module 85, static voltage switch and voltage control unit 86, cropping ball and shaves filoplume control module 87, image capture module 88 and the value of weighing acquisition module 89; Described Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) 8 is connected with data line with computing machine 9.
The invention provides a kind of method of the above-mentioned measurement mechanism that is suitable for fabric pilling amount and wear extent thereof, the steps include:
The first step, isostension package cloth specimen:
First, by the notch center line of one side parallel alignment rotating cylinder 11 of cloth specimen, with side pressure bar 12, be pressed in rotating cylinder 11 grooves and the ratchet button 14 at two ends is tightened, now, an end of cloth specimen is held down; After getting weight clip 15 again and clamping the other end of cloth specimen and hang, clockwise rotate rotating cylinder 11 1 circles, cloth specimen, under weight clip 15 Action of Gravity Fields, is evenly, is coated on rotating cylinder 11 isostension; Then, get tail press strip 13 and be pressed in rotating cylinder 11 grooves and make the ratchet at two ends buckle 14 chuckings, now the two ends of cloth specimen are secured in a press and keep some tension; Get scalpel 16, the cloth specimen that straight cuts tail press strip 13 exposes, make the initial sample for the pilling experiment again.
Second step, initial sample are measured:
First adjust projectional angle β and the irradiation brightness of projection lamp 62, open the suction cleaner 32 of micro-cleaner 3 and the negative high voltage source 43 of electrostatic attraction electrode, and start rotaty step motor 18 driving rotating cylinders 11 with the observation rotational angle theta under measurement pattern 1rotate one by one and locate, adopt CCD image pick-up device 61 directly over the described initial sample of observation not the package cloth specimen of pilling this filoplume significance and ball top quantity, form size and distribute; Until the cloth specimen that moving rotating cylinder 11 is package turns full one week, the suction cleaner 32 of unlatching, negative high voltage source 43, projection lamp 62 and rotaty step motor 18 automatic stops, and take the weight that records initial floating fiber on cloth specimen with weighing apparatus 64; Acquired results is all inputted computing machine 9, calculates filoplume significance and ball top quantity, form size and the Distribution Value thereof of described cloth specimen, and as sample for reference.
The 3rd step, pilling sample preparation:
First in computing machine 9, the operational mode of translation stepper motor 23 and rotaty step motor 18 is set to reciprocal translation friction, a kind of friction pattern in pivoting friction and the friction of Li Sharu curve back and forth; Again the friction block of friction mechanism 2 21 is moved to left, with cloth specimen close contact on rotating cylinder 11 or contact with certain pressure; Then, open the suction cleaner 32 of micro-cleaner 3, negative high voltage source 43 and the projection lamp 62 of electrostatic attraction electrode, simultaneously:
Startup translation stepper motor 23 carries out the relatively motionless cloth specimen of friction block 21 and does the unidirectional reciprocal translation friction sample preparation of level, must set the process friction sample of reciprocal translation friction number of times Δ n, clockwise rotate rotating cylinder 11 with 45 ° or 90 ° again, repeat described reciprocal translation friction sample preparation until all number n that set, be each turned position times N=n of repeating reciprocal translation friction * Δ n, obtain the sample that finally rubs;
Or the relatively motionless friction block 21 of cloth specimen that startup rotaty step motor 18 carries out on rotating cylinder 11 is done vertically unidirectional asymmetric or symmetrical pivoting friction back and forth sample preparations, must set the process friction sample of the progressive number of times Δ n1 of asymmetric pivoting friction back and forth, repeat the sample preparation of described asymmetric pivoting friction back and forth until all number n1 that set, be the number of times that asymmetric pivoting friction is back and forth repeated in each turned position, obtain the sample that finally rubs; Maybe must set the process friction sample of symmetrical pivoting friction number of times Δ n2 back and forth, clockwise rotate rotating cylinder 11, when symmetry comes the symmetric angle θ of back rotation to be greater than 180 °, do not do any rotation and the measurement that pauses with symmetric angle θ when symmetry comes the symmetric angle θ of back rotation to be less than or equal to 180 °, then repeat described symmetry back and forth the pivoting friction sample preparation until all number n2 that set, be the repetition symmetry number of times of pivoting friction back and forth of each frictional position, obtain the sample that finally rubs;
Or the friction sample preparation of the Li Sharu curve friction track of the asymmetric or symmetrical reciprocal translation motion combination that comes back rotation and friction block 21 that synchronously starts that translation stepper motor 23 and rotaty step motor 18 carry out cloth specimen on rotating cylinder 11, with the asymmetric or symmetrical Δ n1 of rotational parameters back and forth that sets or the Δ n2 process of the obtaining friction sample that rubs, with what set all number n1 or n2, repeat to rub the final friction sample of get Li Sharu curve friction track.
Described rotating cylinder 11 is done asymmetricly to come back rotation to refer to that the asymmetric rotating drive back and forth of rotaty step motor 18 rotating cylinder 11 does back rotation and unidirectional progressive rotation simultaneously, when the progressive rotation of rotating cylinder 11 reaches the n1 of setting during week, complete the package cloth specimen is done to carry out the back rotation pilling along rotating cylinder 11 rotation directions asymmetric, describedly asymmetricly come the advancing angle θ a of back rotation to be greater than receding angle θ b, and θ a is 5 °～180 °, and described n1 is more than or equal to 1; Described rotating cylinder 11 do symmetrical rotate back and forth the symmetry that refers to by described rotaty step motor 18 back and forth rotating drive rotating cylinder 11 make the back rotation of coming of symmetric angle θ, θ is 45 °～360 °, carry out the symmetric angle θ of back rotation when rotating cylinder 11 symmetries and be less than or equal to 180 ° and when reaching symmetry and carrying out friction number of times Δ n2 that back rotation sets, rotating cylinder 11 clockwise rotates rotating cylinder 11 with symmetric angle θ, and reposition repeat symmetric angle θ be less than or equal to 180 ° symmetry back and forth pivoting friction until all number n2 that set; Carry out the symmetric angle θ of back rotation when symmetry and be greater than 180 ° and when reaching symmetry and carrying out friction number of times Δ n2 that back rotation sets, rotating cylinder 11 is not done any rotation and the measurement that pauses, and repeat in situ symmetric angle θ be greater than 180 ° symmetry back and forth pivoting friction until set repeat all number n2 that rubs, be equivalent to rotating cylinder 11 and rotate one week all number n2 of described rotation to former friction position, complete the package cloth specimen is done to carry out the back rotation pilling along the symmetry of rotating cylinder 11 rotation directions, described n2 is more than or equal to 10.
The 4th step, friction sample are measured:
It comprises to the measurement of process friction sample and/or to the measurement of final friction sample,
Measurements of described process friction sample refers to and completes the progressive number of times Δ n1 of described reciprocal translation friction number of times Δ n, asymmetric pivoting friction back and forth, symmetry back and forth after a kind of in pivoting friction number of times Δ n2, and when this friction position clockwise of package cloth specimen turns to the top of rotating cylinder 11, immediately by be positioned to directly over the described process friction of CCD image pick-up device 61 observation sample filoplume significance and ball top quantity, form size and distribute; Until on moving rotating cylinder 11, the package cloth specimen turns full one week, suspend suction cleaner 32 air draughts, collect filoplume and ball top that wearing and tearing are dropped, and take with weighing apparatus 64 weight that filoplume and ball top collected in record; Acquired results is all inputted computing machine 9, calculate filoplume significance, ball top quantity, form size and the Distribution Value thereof of described process friction sample, and the filoplume that drops of wearing and tearing and mass area ratio value and the ball top content value of ball top, this is rub sample value of sample of process;
After the measurement of described final friction sample refers to a kind of in completing described reciprocal translation friction frequency n, asymmetric pivoting friction back and forth progressive all number n1, the symmetrical week of pivoting friction back and forth number n2, and when this friction position clockwise of package cloth specimen turns to the top of rotating cylinder 11, by be positioned to directly over the described final friction sample of CCD image pick-up device 61 observation filoplume significance and ball top quantity, form size and distribute; Until on moving rotating cylinder 11, the package cloth specimen turns full one week, suspend suction cleaner 32 air draughts, collect filoplume and ball top that wearing and tearing are dropped, and take with weighing apparatus 64 weight that filoplume and ball top collected in record; Acquired results is all inputted computing machine 9, calculates filoplume significance, ball top quantity, form size and the Distribution Value thereof of described final friction sample, and the filoplume that drops of wearing and tearing and mass area ratio value and the ball top content value of ball top; Then, start and cut ball device 51, shaver 52 and advance stepper motor 54, driving propulsive mechanism 53 to drive to cut ball device 51 and shaver 52 to advance shaves cropping plumage and ball top and retreats Rapid reset, this shaves cropping plumage and ball top can 1～3 time, closes suction cleaner 32 air draughts, collects and shave cropping plumage and ball top and take with weighing apparatus 64 weight that cropping plumage and ball top shaved in record; Acquired results is all inputted computing machine 9, the filoplume kept on the calculating cloth specimen and mass area ratio value and the ball top content value of ball top, this sample value that is final friction sample;
The 5th step, analysis-by-synthesis evaluation:
The above-mentioned measurement result of last foundation is made comprehensive evaluation by the pilling of 9 pairs of cloth specimens of computing machine, its triformed evaluation, measure and result of calculation according to the complete set of the first step to the four steps, can obtain the comprehensive evaluation to surveyed cloth specimen pilling process and final state performance thereof; According to measurement and the result of calculation of process friction sample in the first step to the three steps, can do quantitative evaluation to surveyed cloth specimen pilling process; According under same experimental conditions and the 4th pacing amount result of calculation under the impact of deduction first step package cloth specimen, the pilling complexity of different cloth specimens is done to comprehensive comparison test evaluation.
Following specific embodiment 1～3rd, form and the fabrics different numbers to different yarns, under different measuring conditions and under the different tests process, obtain the measurement result of fabric pilling feature.Wherein:
Different measuring conditions mainly refer to: by weight clip 15, applied and the rotational angle theta of cloth specimen cylinder 1 one-directional rotation location when stable fabric wrapping tension force (cN), napping static voltage (kV) that electrostatic attraction electrode 4 applies, 61 observation of CCD image pick-up device 1, during the friction of Li Sharu curve, the asymmetric advancing angle θ a that carrys out back rotation of cloth specimen cylinder 1 and receding angle θ b or cloth specimen cylinder 1 symmetry are carried out the set angle θ of back rotation, reciprocal translation friction number of times Δ n, the all number n that set and total translation friction times N=n * Δ n, the number of times Δ n1 that asymmetric pivoting friction back and forth is progressive, asymmetricly carry out progressive all number n1 and the total asymmetric pivoting friction times N 1=n1 * Δ n1 of back rotation, symmetry is pivoting friction number of times Δ n2 back and forth, symmetry is carried out all number n2 and the total symmetrical pivoting friction times N 2=n2 * Δ n2 of back rotation, cloth specimen cylinder 1 carrys out the frequency (Hz) of back rotation, the traverse (mm) of friction block 21 reciprocal translations and frequency (Hz).
The different tests process refers to: from the complete set of second step to the five steps measure with calculate test, only second step to the four steps process measurement with calculate test and the first step and compare and measure with the 3rd step and calculate and test, these three kinds of forms.
The measurement result of fabric pilling feature mainly refers to: final state filoplume average length estimated value (mm) and final state filoplume concentration estimation value (filoplume closeness=filoplume silk spot territory area/observation domain area), final state filoplume significance (are divided into 0～5 grade, 0 is without filoplume, 5 is that filoplume is the most remarkable, according to filoplume average length and filoplume closeness, judges); The apparent ball top number (individual/cm of final state 2), final state ball top mean diameter d (mm) and diameter variation coefficient CVd (%); Final state wearer quality (mg), ball top number and quality percentage (%) drop; The grade of the anti-fluffing and anti-pilling of prediction, be accurate to 0.01.
Embodiment 1
Adopt device of the present invention, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, the pilling of all woolen woven fabric that is Nm48/2 to the count of yarn is done the measurement of the friction of process in the first step to the three steps sample, and the see the following form process measurement curve of embodiment 1 one hurdles and described the 3rd step of its measuring condition parameter and actual measured results is shown in Fig. 4.Adopt the asymmetric rotation back and forth of cloth specimen cylinder 1, advancing angle is that 60 °, receding angle are 55 °; Supporting moves back and forth distance for 6cm, makes the fabric on 21 pairs of cloth specimen cylinders 1 of friction block do progressive Li Sharu curve friction.From measured result, all woolen woven fabric final state friction sample fluffing after wearing and tearing is more obvious, filoplume average length 5.6mm, closeness are 0.175 and filoplume significance 3.5, and this is the result that can't provide during traditional pilling is measured, and more impossible is in site measurement to sample; And filoplume average length 1.1mm, the filoplume closeness of the initial sample of all woolen woven fabric be 0.002 and filoplume significance 0.5 be normality, apparent without fluffing, both compare, the fluffing of all woolen woven fabric is more remarkable, the filoplume average length increased 4.5mm, closeness increased by 0.173 and the filoplume significance increased by 3.0, the measurement that proves fluffing effectively, true and accurately.The balling-up of all woolen woven fabric final state after wearing and tearing friction sample is remarkable, and ball top quantity, ball top diameter and the coefficient of variation thereof are all larger, and the raw yarn sample is substantially without pilling effect, illustrate that the balling-up of all woolen woven fabric is because of due to repeatedly rubbing.Relatively the highest wearer quality 15.63mg and several 32 of the ball top that drops, illustrate that its balling-up is comparatively serious and be easy to come off, and prove and collect and weighing accurate; The quality percentage 18.8% of the lower ball top that drops, illustrate that the wearing and tearing loss mostly is filoplume, and the ball top structure is more loose.Ccd video camera 61 observed results and the ball top filoplume gatherer 5 of process friction sample are shown in Fig. 4 with the weighing result of Precision Electronics Balance 7, filoplume significance, apparent ball top number (individual/cm2), ball top diameter d (mm) and wearer quality (mg) be the monotone increasing with the increase of friction number of times all, four curve law is consistent, only the end point values difference; Wherein, the filoplume significance reaches balance very soon and wearer quality (mg) increases always, and the increase trend of apparent ball top number (individual/cm2) and ball top diameter d (mm) is more consistent.This proves dynamic, the online and accuracy of this measurement device.2.98 grades of comprehensive estimated values based on filoplume average height, filoplume closeness, ball top quantity, ball top diameter and the coefficient of variation thereof, drop ball top number and quality percentage fabric anti-fluffing anti-pilling, compare for 3～3.5 grades of the pilling resistance evaluation of this all woolen woven fabric of surveying with employing standard rolling case method, not only more accurate, stable and true, and precision is higher.The accurate of this measurement and computing method is described.
Embodiment 2
Adopt the method and apparatus same with example 1, the cashmere knit goods pilling that is Nm28/2 to the count of yarn is according to a complete set of measurement and calculation result of the first step to the four steps, obtain the difference of the pilling of initial sample, process friction sample and final state friction sample to surveyed cloth specimen, analyze the comprehensive evaluation reached net result one by one, the final state friction sample of its measuring condition parameter and actual measurement is the results detailed in following table embodiment 2 one hurdles.Symmetry in the reciprocating rotation of employing cloth specimen cylinder 1 is rotated, it is equal the to reverse rotation of receding angle of forward advancing angle, rotational angle is 270 °, supporting moves back and forth distance for 10cm, with this, make the cashmere knit goods on 21 pairs of cloth specimen cylinders 1 of friction block do constant Li Sharu curve friction, its friction times N 2 only has 2/3 of embodiment 1.From measured result, cashmere knit goods final state friction sample fluffing after wearing and tearing obviously, filoplume average length 4.4mm, closeness are 0.203 and filoplume significance 4.0, and this result is can't provide during traditional pilling is measured, and the more impossible in site measurement for sample; And filoplume average length 1.0mm, the filoplume closeness of the initial sample of cashmere knit goods be 0.002 and filoplume significance 0.5 belong to basic normality, apparent without fluffing.Both compare, and the fluffing of cashmere knit goods is remarkable, the filoplume average length increased 3.4mm, closeness increased by 0.201 and the filoplume significance increased by 3.5, the measurement that proves fluffing effectively, true and accurately.The balling-up of the cashmere knit goods final state friction sample after wearing and tearing is remarkable, and ball top quantity, ball top diameter and the coefficient of variation thereof are all larger, and the raw yarn sample illustrates the easier balling-up of the relative Hair-wool Woven Fabric of cashmere knit goods substantially without pilling effect.Relatively high wearer quality 14.25mg and several 28 of the ball top that drops illustrate that its balling-up is serious and are easy to come off that this proof is collected and weighing mechanism is accurately.The higher ball top quality percentage 21.4% that drops, illustrate that the main body that wearing and tearing come off is to be filoplume, tighter to the ball top structure.Ccd video camera 61 observed results of process friction sample and the weighing result of ball top filoplume gatherer 5 and Precision Electronics Balance 7 are as shown in Figure 5, filoplume significance, apparent ball top number (individual/cm2), ball top diameter d (mm) and wearer quality (mg) be the monotone increasing with the increase of friction number of times all, four curve law is consistent, only the end point values difference; Wherein, filoplume significance and apparent ball top number (individual/cm2) reach balance very soon and wearer quality (mg) increases always, the increase trend of the diameter d of apparent ball top (mm) and wearer quality (mg) trend are more consistent, this mutual card explanation ball top increases obviously, and dynamic, the online and accuracy of this measurement device.The comprehensive estimated value of fabric anti-fluffing anti-pilling based on filoplume average height, filoplume closeness, ball top quantity, ball top diameter and the coefficient of variation thereof, drop ball top number and quality percentage is 2.76 grades, compare for 3 grades of the pilling resistance evaluation of this cashmere knit goods of surveying with employing standard rolling case method, not only more accurate, stable and true, and precision is higher.The accurate of this measurement and computing method is described.
Embodiment 3
Adopt the method and apparatus same with example 1, the hair that is Nm32/2 on the count of yarn is washed the sweater pilling according under same experimental conditions and the 4th pacing amount and result of calculation under the impact of deduction first step package cloth specimen, obtains the comprehensive evaluation to surveyed cloth specimen pilling performance.Its measuring condition parameter and actual measured results embodiment 3 one hurdles that see the following form.Adopt that rotating cylinder 11 is motionless and friction block 21 is done reciprocal translation friction sample preparation, supporting moves back and forth distance for 2.5cm, every mill complete 50 times back and forth, just rotate 90 °, until totally 1000 frictions that turned 20 weeks, this is suitable with embodiment 1 number of times that rubs, but the track difference.From measured result, it is the most obvious that hair after wearing and tearing is washed the fluffing of sweater final state friction sample, filoplume average length 4.8mm, closeness are 0.228 and filoplume significance 4.5, and this is the result that can't provide during traditional pilling is measured, and more impossible is in site measurement to sample; And filoplume average length 0.8mm, filoplume closeness that hair is washed the initial sample of sweater be 0.001 and filoplume significance 0.5 for apparent without the fluffing normality, both compare, the fluffing of cashmere knit goods is remarkable, the filoplume average length increased 4.0mm, closeness increased by 0.227 and the filoplume significance increased by 4.0, proving that fluffing measures effectively, true and accurately.The balling-up of cashmere knit goods final state after wearing and tearing friction sample is remarkable, and ball top quantity and ball top diameter are all large and diameter variation coefficient is slightly little, and the raw yarn sample is without balling-up again, the balling-up that terylene is described more one make peace durable.Relatively low wearer quality 12.31mg and several 23 of the ball top that drops, should balling-up few, but terylene play large, the durable difficult drop-off of bulb diameter, this proof is collected and weighing mechanism is accurately.The quality percentage 26.7% of the higher ball top that drops, illustrate that terylene ball top structure is tighter.This proves dynamic, the online and accuracy of this measurement device.The comprehensive estimated value of fabric anti-fluffing anti-pilling based on filoplume average height, filoplume closeness, ball top quantity, ball top diameter and the coefficient of variation thereof, drop ball top number and quality percentage is 2.53 grades, compare for 2.5～3.0 grades of the pilling resistance evaluation of this cashmere knit goods of surveying with employing standard rolling case method, not only more accurate, stable and true, and precision is higher.The accurate of this measurement and computing method is described.
The measurement result of pilling amount, form and the wear extent of fabric under the differentiated friction mode

Claims (10)

1. a measurement mechanism that is suitable for fabric pilling amount and wear extent thereof, it is characterized in that, comprise package and the cloth specimen cylinder that clamps tested fabric, be positioned at cloth specimen cylinder one side for institute's package cloth specimen being carried out to the friction mechanism (2) of pilling friction, be arranged in cloth specimen cylinder below and collect the drop micro-cleaner (3) of fiber and ball top of friction, help the electrostatic attraction electrode that filoplume is holded up to cut and the filoplume ball top gatherer of collecting ball top and filoplume with shaving, be positioned at ball top quantity on the Observable cloth specimen of cloth specimen cylinder (1) top and big or small optical measuring system (6), take the Precision Electronics Balance (7) of filoplume and ball top quality, gather and analyze institute's data of surveying and control Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) (8) and computing machine (9) formation that each mechanism moves.
2. a kind of measurement mechanism that is suitable for fabric pilling amount and wear extent thereof according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cloth specimen cylinder is by having strip groove and have ratchet to buckle the rotating cylinder of (14) (11) in both ends of the surface on the face of cylinder, bar is shaft-like and bending two ends is inboard is used for the fixedly side pressure bar (12) of cloth specimen head end with ratchet, consistent with side pressure bar (12) planform the fixing tail press strip (13) of cloth specimen tail end, clamping cloth specimen tail end is also realized the weight clip (15) of isostension package cloth specimen, for cutting off the scalpel (16) of cloth specimen, by rotating cylinder (11) the axle driver (17) that through-drive is connected with rotaty step motor (18), be connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) (8) and drive the rotaty step motor (18) that rotating cylinder (11) rotates to form, all there is ratchet the bending two ends section inboard of described side pressure bar (12) and tail press strip (13), by the engagement with ratchet button (14), realizes the compression clamping to cloth specimen, and it steps up the face of cylinder that height after sample does not exceed rotating cylinder (11),
Described rotaty step motor (18) can drive rotating cylinder (11) to do asymmetricly to come back rotation or symmetry to carry out back rotation, realize the package cloth specimen pivoting friction sample preparation vertically or with the friction sample preparation of Li Sharu curve of having matched that moves around of the level of described friction mechanism (2) friction block (21); Described rotating cylinder (11) is done asymmetricly to come back rotation to refer to that rotaty step motor (18) asymmetricly carrys out back rotation, drives rotating cylinder (11) to do back rotation and unidirectional progressive rotation simultaneously, when the progressive rotation of rotating cylinder (11) reaches the friction n1 of setting during week, complete the package cloth specimen is done to carry out the back rotation pilling along rotating cylinder (11) rotation direction asymmetric, describedly asymmetricly come the advancing angle θ a of back rotation to be greater than receding angle θ b, and θ a is 5 °～180 °, and described n1 is more than or equal to 1; Described rotating cylinder (11) do symmetry rotate back and forth the symmetry that refers to by described rotaty step motor (18) back and forth rotating drive rotating cylinder (11) make the pivoting friction back and forth of symmetric angle θ, until set repeat to rub all number n2 or claim all number n2 of friction the time, complete the package cloth specimen is done to carry out the back rotation pilling along the symmetry of rotating cylinder (11) rotation direction, described n2 is more than or equal to 10.
3. a kind of measurement mechanism that is suitable for fabric pilling amount and wear extent thereof according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described friction mechanism (2) is by friction block (21), translation mechanism (22), translation stepper motor (23) forms, described translation stepper motor (23) is made the back rotation of coming of symmetrical expression, drive translation mechanism (22) to drive friction block (21) and do back and forth translation back and forth, make friction block (21) do the unidirectional reciprocal translation friction sample preparation of level to cloth specimen, or come back rotation or the symmetrical pilling friction sample preparation that comes the back rotation cooperative motion to complete the Li Sharu curve with described rotating cylinder (11) asymmetric, described translation stepper motor (23) is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) (8).
4. a kind of measurement mechanism that is suitable for fabric pilling amount and wear extent thereof according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described micro-cleaner (3) comprises having and the slit suction pipe (31) and the suction cleaner (32) that with slit suction pipe (31) be connected of described rotating cylinder (11) with width flat suction inlet, described slit suction pipe (31) is under the swabbing action of suction cleaner (32), powerful suction filoplume fast and bonding ball top, realize filoplume and ball top that in the synchronous collection friction, wearing and tearing are dropped; Described suction cleaner (32) is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) (8);
Described electrostatic attraction electrode comprises electrode and negative high voltage source (43) that are comprised of bonding jumper (41) and external insulation layer (42), and described electrode is divided into preposition electrode (4A) and rearmounted electrode (4B); Described negative high voltage source (43) provides negative electrostatic potential to bonding jumper (41), to help filoplume, with ball top, holds up and separates; Described negative high voltage source (43) is controlled by Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) (8);
Described Precision Electronics Balance (7) is that it is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) (8) for taking that the friction that is collected in micro-cleaner (3) is dropped and shaving filoplume and the ball top of cutting.
5. a kind of measurement mechanism that is suitable for fabric pilling amount and wear extent thereof according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described filoplume ball top gatherer comprises to be cut ball device (51), shaver (52), propulsive mechanism (53) and advances stepper motor (54); Described propelling stepper motor (54) can be done at a slow speed forward and reversion fast, drives propulsive mechanism (53) to drive to cut ball device (51) and shaver (52) to advance to shave cropping plumage and ball top and retreats Rapid reset; Described propelling stepper motor (54) is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) (8); The described ball device (51) of cutting is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) (8) with shaver (52); The described ball device (51) of cutting is connected with suction cleaner (32) and is controlled by Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) (8) by aspiration channel with shaver (52).
6. a kind of measurement mechanism that is suitable for fabric pilling amount and wear extent thereof according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described optical measuring system (6) by can the apparent filoplume of whole imaging observation package cloth specimen and the CCD image pick-up device (61) of ball top form and quantity, side direction projection light according to and can regulate the projection lamp (62) of projectional angle, fixedly projection lamp (62) and can the upper fixing button (63) slided of arc groove (64), with rotating cylinder (11) above the arc groove (64) in the Xian Wei center of circle, point of contact of horizontal section form; Described CCD image pick-up device (61) is connected with Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) (8); Described projection lamp (62) is controlled by Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) (8).
7. a kind of measurement mechanism that is suitable for fabric pilling amount and wear extent thereof according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) (8) comprises rotaty step motor control module (81), translation step motor control unit (82), propelling step motor control unit (83), projecting lamp brightness control unit (84), dust suction collection control module (85), static voltage switch and voltage control unit (86), cropping ball and shaves filoplume control module (87), image capture module (88) and the value of weighing acquisition module (89); Described Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) (8) is connected with data line with computing machine (9).
8. an application method that is suitable for the measurement mechanism of fabric pilling amount and wear extent thereof as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step is:
The first step, isostension package cloth specimen: first by the notch center line of one side parallel alignment rotating cylinder (11) of cloth specimen, be pressed in rotating cylinder (11) groove and the ratchet button (14) at two ends is tightened with side pressure bar (12), now, an end of cloth specimen is held down; After getting weight clip (15) again and clamping the other end of cloth specimen and hang, clockwise rotate rotating cylinder (11) one circles, cloth specimen, under weight clip (15) Action of Gravity Field, is evenly, is coated on rotating cylinder (11) isostension; Then, get tail press strip (13) and be pressed in rotating cylinder (11) groove and the ratchet at two ends is buckled (14) chucking, now the two ends of cloth specimen are secured in a press and keep some tension; Get scalpel (16), the cloth specimen that straight cuts tail press strip (13) exposes, make the initial sample for the pilling experiment again;
Second step, initial sample are measured: projectional angle β and the irradiation brightness of first adjusting projection lamp (62), open the suction cleaner (32) of micro-cleaner (3) and the negative high voltage source (43) of electrostatic attraction electrode, and start rotaty step motor (18) driving rotating cylinder (11) with the observation rotational angle theta under measurement pattern 1rotate one by one and locate, adopt CCD image pick-up device (61) directly over the described initial sample of observation not the package cloth specimen of pilling this filoplume significance and ball top quantity, form size and distribute; Until the cloth specimen that moving rotating cylinder (11) is package turns full one week, suction cleaner (32), negative high voltage source (43), projection lamp (62) and rotaty step motor (18) automatic stop of opening, and take the weight that records initial floating fiber on cloth specimen with weighing apparatus (64); Acquired results is all inputted computing machine (9), calculates filoplume significance and ball top quantity, form size and the Distribution Value thereof of described cloth specimen, and as sample for reference;
The 3rd step, pilling sample preparation: first in computing machine (9), the operational mode of translation stepper motor (23) and rotaty step motor (18) is set to reciprocal translation friction, pivoting friction and the Li Sharu curve a kind of friction pattern in rubbing back and forth; Again the friction block of friction mechanism (2) (21) is moved to left, with cloth specimen close contact on rotating cylinder (11) or contact with certain pressure; Then, open the suction cleaner (32) of micro-cleaner (3), negative high voltage source (43) and the projection lamp (62) of electrostatic attraction electrode, simultaneously:
Startup translation stepper motor (23) carries out the relatively motionless cloth specimen of friction block (21) and does the unidirectional reciprocal translation friction sample preparation of level, must set the process friction sample of reciprocal translation friction number of times Δ n, clockwise rotate rotating cylinder (11) with 45 ° or 90 ° again, repeat described reciprocal translation friction sample preparation until all number n that set, be each turned position total degree N=n of repeating reciprocal translation friction * Δ n, obtain the sample that finally rubs;
Or the relatively motionless friction block (21) of cloth specimen that startup rotaty step motor (18) carries out on rotating cylinder (11) is done vertically unidirectional asymmetric or symmetrical pivoting friction back and forth sample preparation, must set the process friction sample of the progressive number of times Δ n1 of asymmetric pivoting friction back and forth, repeat the sample preparation of described asymmetric pivoting friction back and forth until all number n1 that set, be each turned position total degree N1=n1 of repeating asymmetric pivoting friction back and forth * Δ n1, obtain the sample that finally rubs; Maybe must set the process friction sample of symmetrical pivoting friction number of times Δ n2 back and forth, clockwise rotate rotating cylinder (11), when symmetry comes the symmetric angle θ of back rotation to be greater than 180 °, do not do any rotation and the measurement that pauses with symmetric angle θ when symmetry comes the symmetric angle θ of back rotation to be less than or equal to 180 °, then repeat described symmetry back and forth the pivoting friction sample preparation until all number n2 that set, be the repetition symmetry total degree N2=n2 of the pivoting friction * Δ n2 back and forth of each frictional position, obtain the sample that finally rubs;
Or the friction sample preparation of the Li Sharu curve friction track of the asymmetric or symmetrical reciprocal translation motion combination that comes back rotation and friction block (21) that synchronously starts that translation stepper motor (23) and rotaty step motor (18) carry out cloth specimen on rotating cylinder (11), with the asymmetric or symmetrical Δ n1 of rotational parameters back and forth that sets or the Δ n2 process of the obtaining friction sample that rubs, with what set all number n1 or n2, repeat to rub the final friction sample of get Li Sharu curve friction track;
Described rotating cylinder (11) is done asymmetricly to come back rotation to refer to that rotaty step motor (18) asymmetric rotating drive back and forth rotating cylinder (11) does back rotation and unidirectional progressive rotation simultaneously, when the progressive rotation of rotating cylinder (11) reaches the n1 of setting during week, complete the package cloth specimen is done to carry out the back rotation pilling along rotating cylinder (11) rotation direction asymmetric, describedly asymmetricly come the advancing angle θ a of back rotation to be greater than receding angle θ b, and θ a is 5 °～180 °, and described n1 is more than or equal to 1; Described rotating cylinder (11) do symmetry rotate back and forth the symmetry that refers to by described rotaty step motor (18) back and forth rotating drive rotating cylinder (11) make the back rotation of coming of symmetric angle θ, θ is 45 °～360 °, carry out the symmetric angle θ of back rotation when rotating cylinder (11) symmetry and be less than or equal to 180 ° and when reaching symmetry and carrying out friction number of times Δ n2 that back rotation sets, rotating cylinder (11) clockwise rotates rotating cylinder (11) with symmetric angle θ, and reposition repeat symmetric angle θ be less than or equal to 180 ° symmetry back and forth pivoting friction until all number n2 that set; Carry out the symmetric angle θ of back rotation when symmetry and be greater than 180 ° and when reaching symmetry and carrying out friction number of times Δ n2 that back rotation sets, rotating cylinder (11) is not done any rotation and the measurement that pauses, and repeat in situ symmetric angle θ be greater than 180 ° symmetry back and forth pivoting friction until set repeat all number n2 that rubs, be equivalent to rotating cylinder (11) and rotate one week all number n2 of described rotation to former friction position, complete the package cloth specimen is done to carry out the back rotation pilling along the symmetry of rotating cylinder (11) rotation direction, described n2 is more than or equal to 10;
The 4th step, friction sample are measured: it comprises to the measurement of process friction sample and/or to the measurement of final friction sample;
Measurements of described process friction sample refers to and completes the progressive number of times Δ n1 of described reciprocal translation friction number of times Δ n, asymmetric pivoting friction back and forth, symmetry back and forth after a kind of in pivoting friction number of times Δ n2, and when this friction position clockwise of package cloth specimen turns to the top of rotating cylinder (11), immediately by be positioned to directly over CCD image pick-up device (61) observe filoplume significance and ball top quantity, the form size of described process friction sample and distribute; Until the upper package cloth specimen of moving rotating cylinder (11) turns full one week, suspend suction cleaner (32) air draught, collect filoplume and ball top that wearing and tearing are dropped, and take with weighing apparatus (64) weight that filoplume and ball top collected in record; Acquired results is all inputted computing machine (9), calculate filoplume significance, ball top quantity, form size and the Distribution Value thereof of described process friction sample, and the filoplume that drops of wearing and tearing and mass area ratio value and the ball top content value of ball top, this is rub sample value of sample of process;
After the measurement of described final friction sample refers to a kind of in completing described reciprocal translation friction frequency n, asymmetric pivoting friction back and forth progressive all number n1, the symmetrical week of pivoting friction back and forth number n2, and when this friction position clockwise of package cloth specimen turns to the top of rotating cylinder (11), by be positioned to directly over CCD image pick-up device (61) observe the filoplume significance of described final friction sample and ball top quantity, form size and distribute; Until the upper package cloth specimen of moving rotating cylinder (11) turns full one week, suspend suction cleaner (32) air draught, collect filoplume and ball top that wearing and tearing are dropped, and take with weighing apparatus (64) weight that filoplume and ball top collected in record; Acquired results is all inputted computing machine (9), calculates filoplume significance, ball top quantity, form size and the Distribution Value thereof of described final friction sample, and the filoplume that drops of wearing and tearing and mass area ratio value and the ball top content value of ball top; Then, start and cut ball device (51), shaver (52) and advance stepper motor (54), drive propulsive mechanism (53) to drive to cut ball device (51) and shaver (52) to advance to shave cropping plumage and ball top and retreat Rapid reset, this shaves cropping plumage and ball top can 1～3 time, closes suction cleaner (32) air draught, collects and shave cropping plumage and ball top and take with weighing apparatus (64) weight that cropping plumage and ball top shaved in record; Acquired results is all inputted computing machine (9), the filoplume kept on the calculating cloth specimen and mass area ratio value and the ball top content value of ball top, this sample value that is final friction sample;
The 5th step, analysis-by-synthesis evaluation: the above-mentioned measurement result of last foundation is made comprehensive evaluation by computing machine (9) to the pilling of cloth specimen, its triformed evaluation, measure and result of calculation according to the complete set of the first step to the four steps, can obtain the comprehensive evaluation to surveyed cloth specimen pilling process and final state performance thereof; According to measurement and the result of calculation of process friction sample in the first step to the three steps, can do quantitative evaluation to surveyed cloth specimen pilling process; According under same experimental conditions and the 4th pacing amount result of calculation under the impact of deduction first step package cloth specimen, the pilling complexity of different cloth specimens is done to comprehensive comparison test evaluation.
9. the application of the measurement mechanism of a fabric ball top as claimed in claim 1 and filoplume quality and wear extent, is characterized in that, can be used for the measurement of fabric pilling sample preparation and pilling amount, form and wear extent and the comprehensive evaluation of pilling resistance thereof.
10. the application of the measuring method of a fabric ball top as claimed in claim 8 and filoplume quality and wear extent, it is characterized in that, can be used for the measurement of pilling sample preparation and fabric pilling amount, form and wear extent and the comprehensive evaluation of pilling resistance thereof.
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