CN111101483A - Construction method of anti-seepage ecological channel of farmland - Google Patents
Construction method of anti-seepage ecological channel of farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN111101483A CN111101483A CN201911351121.XA CN201911351121A CN111101483A CN 111101483 A CN111101483 A CN 111101483A CN 201911351121 A CN201911351121 A CN 201911351121A CN 111101483 A CN111101483 A CN 111101483A
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- channel
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
- E02B5/02—Making or lining canals
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
- E02B5/08—Details, e.g. gates, screens
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a construction method of a farmland seepage-proofing ecological channel, which comprises the following construction steps: 1) designing a longitudinal trend route of a channel according to original topographic conditions of a farmland, excavating to the design size of the cross section of the channel by adopting a manual or mechanical mode, and carrying out leveling and tamping operation on the excavated channel bottom and side slopes on two sides; 2) sequentially laying grid cloth, a waterproof film, a cotton linen layer and a plastic grid in the channel after the leveling and tamping operation is finished, wherein the edges of the two sides of the grid cloth, the waterproof film, the cotton linen layer and the plastic grid respectively extend to the top slopes of the side slopes on the two sides of the channel, and the excavated earthwork is used for covering and compacting; 3) after the grid cloth, the waterproof film, the cotton linen layer and the plastic grid are laid in the channel, transition inclined plates are arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the channel, and two adjacent transition inclined plates are arranged in a crossed mode. The channel of the invention has an anti-seepage effect, and simultaneously maintains the integrity of the ecosystem in the channel and in the whole farmland area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of irrigation channels, in particular to a construction method of a farmland seepage-proofing ecological channel.
Background
China is a country with serious shortage of water resources, but the waste of agricultural irrigation water is serious. Due to the reasons of low standards, incompatibilities, aging, backward irrigation modes, poor management and the like of the irrigation and water conservancy facilities, the effective utilization rate of the national agricultural irrigation water is only about 40 percent and is only half of that of developed countries. Therefore, the anti-seepage requirement of the farmland irrigation channel is an important task, particularly in arid areas where water resources are scarce.
However, the problems of reduced biodiversity, serious agricultural non-point source pollution, reduced self-purification capacity of water bodies and the like in irrigation district channels are increasingly prominent, and people are more and more concerned whether the traditional irrigation district engineering measures meet the ecological health requirements or not. For semi-arid and arid region channels, on one hand, the water resource loss caused by infiltration is considered, on the other hand, a proper aquatic organism growth environment is created, the integrity of an ecological system in the channel is maintained, and a certain self-cleaning capacity is kept.
The existing agricultural irrigation seepage-proofing channel is generally made of concrete and only has a seepage-proofing function, moreover, the concrete channel is easy to crack after being used for a period of time, so that the seepage-proofing function is influenced, meanwhile, the ecological system of the channel is damaged, and particularly, the landscape function of the suburb joint area is greatly reduced. Along with the implementation and promotion of ecological policies, the construction of ecological irrigation areas and the urgent need of urban ecological landscape construction, the construction of the anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction of the channels for farmland irrigation is a future technical development trend.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a construction method of a farmland seepage-proofing ecological channel, which has the seepage-proofing effect and simultaneously maintains the integrity of an ecological system in the channel and in the whole farmland area.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the construction method of the anti-seepage ecological channel of the farmland comprises the following construction steps:
1) designing a longitudinal trend route of a channel according to original topographic conditions of a farmland, excavating to the design size of the cross section of the channel by adopting a manual or mechanical mode, and carrying out leveling and tamping operation on the excavated channel bottom and side slopes on two sides;
2) sequentially laying grid cloth, a waterproof film, a cotton linen layer and a plastic grid in the channel after the leveling and tamping operation is finished, wherein the cotton linen layer is formed by overlapping 3-5 layers of cotton linen, loam is filled between every two layers of cotton linen, the total thickness of the cotton linen layer is 60-80 mm, edges on two sides of the grid cloth, the waterproof film, the cotton linen layer and the plastic grid respectively extend to the tops of slopes on two side slopes of the channel, and the excavated earthwork is used for covering and compacting;
3) after the grid cloth, the waterproof film, the cotton linen layer and the plastic grid are laid in the channel, the transition inclined plates are arranged at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the channel, the two adjacent transition inclined plates are arranged in a crossed manner, the lower ends of the transition inclined plates are placed on the plastic grid at the bottom of the channel, and the upper ends of the transition inclined plates are abutted against the plastic grid on the side slope on one side;
4) measuring the longitudinal distance a between two adjacent transition inclined plates, and sequentially marking the transition inclined plates in the channel to finish the calibration operation of mapping the length of the ecological channel;
5) emergent aquatic plants are planted on the side slopes on the two sides of the channel, lawns are planted on the tops of the side slopes on the two sides, and submerged plants are planted on the bottom of the channel, so that the ecological channel is constructed.
By adopting the technical scheme, the grid cloth, the waterproof film, the cotton linen layer and the plastic grid are sequentially laid in the channel, the waterproof film is tightly attached to the bottom and the side slopes on two sides of the channel through the double supporting effect of the plastic grid and the grid cloth, meanwhile, the cotton linen layer and the plastic grid play a role in protecting the waterproof film, and the waterproof film can effectively prevent the channel from leaking; the cross-distributed transition inclined plates are respectively supported on the side slopes on the two sides of the channel, so that the side slopes on the two sides of the channel can withstand water erosion without generating a landslide phenomenon, and the two ends of the transition inclined plates can be used for supporting and fixing grid cloth, a waterproof film, a cotton linen layer and a plastic grid; aquatic plants planted in the plastic grids in the channel and the cavity structures of the plastic grids provide growing environments and inhabitation places for the micro organisms, also provide biofilm formation conditions, and can purify pollutants through the effects of interception, absorption, degradation and the like, so that the water quality of a conveying water body is improved. The transition inclined plates are arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the channel, and if small animals fall into the channel carelessly, the transition inclined plates can cross the channel to break away from danger, so that the phenomenon that the channel exists to cause biological isolation of the farmland is avoided, and a complete aquatic organism system is formed.
The invention is further set that the cross section of the channel is a trapezoidal section, the depth of the channel is 0.8-1 m, the width of the channel bottom is 0.5-1 m, and the width of the channel top is 1.2-1.8 m.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the cross section of channel is trapezoidal section, and the channel adopts suitable size simultaneously for the channel flowing water is more smooth and easy, and the phenomenon of landslide is difficult for appearing in the side slope of channel simultaneously.
The invention is further arranged in that a plurality of water through holes are formed in the transition inclined plate along the width direction of the transition inclined plate, and a plurality of step surfaces are formed on the upper surface of the transition inclined plate along the length direction of the transition inclined plate.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the swash plate that passes through has a plurality of limbers, is convenient for on the one hand the running water to pass through from the limbers, and on the other hand the limbers also can provide growing environment and habitat for miniature living beings, and a plurality of step faces of swash plate upper surface of transition are as the passageway of crossing the channel to complete farmland ecosystem has been constituted.
The invention is further provided that the surface of the transition sloping plate is of a porous structure.
By adopting the technical scheme, the porous structure on the surface of the crossing plate provides a growth environment and a habitat for the microorganisms and also provides conditions for biofilm formation.
The invention is further configured that the waterproof membrane is a PVC waterproof breathable membrane, a polyethylene waterproof membrane or a polyurethane waterproof membrane.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, adopt PVC waterproof ventilated membrane, polyethylene waterproof membrane or polyurethane waterproof membrane to have higher bulk strength, the use cost reduction of ventilated membrane simultaneously.
The invention is further arranged in that cultivating bags are inserted into the meshes of the plastic grid, and the cultivating bags are filled with nutrient soil doped with plant seeds.
By adopting the technical scheme, the meshes of the plastic grid are used as the cultivation space of the cultivation bag, and the cotton linen layer has the water storage function, so that necessary water can be provided for plants in dry seasons.
The invention is further set that after the edges of the two adjacent waterproof membranes in the step 2) are mutually overlapped, the edges of the two adjacent waterproof membranes are hermetically connected by adopting a hot melting connection mode.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, adopt hot melt connected mode to realize the edge looks sealing connection of two adjacent water proof membrane for the water proof membrane in the channel forms wholly, in order to play the prevention of seepage function.
The invention is further set that the hot melting temperature of the hot melting connection between the edges of the two waterproof films is controlled to be 250-280 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, the edges of the two waterproof films are positioned in the temperature interval to carry out hot melting process, and the joint is tighter.
In conclusion, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the grid cloth, the waterproof membrane, the cotton linen layer and the plastic grid are sequentially laid in the channel, the waterproof membrane is tightly attached to the bottom and the side slopes on two sides of the channel through the double supporting functions of the plastic grid and the grid cloth, meanwhile, the cotton linen layer and the plastic grid play a role in protecting the waterproof membrane, and the waterproof membrane can effectively prevent the channel from leaking; the cross-distributed transition inclined plates are respectively supported on the side slopes on the two sides of the channel, so that the side slopes on the two sides of the channel can withstand water erosion without generating a landslide phenomenon, and the two ends of the transition inclined plates can be used for supporting and fixing grid cloth, a waterproof film, a cotton linen layer and a plastic grid; aquatic plants planted in the plastic grids in the channel and the cavity structures of the plastic grids provide growing environments and inhabitation places for the micro organisms, also provide biofilm formation conditions, and can purify pollutants through the effects of interception, absorption, degradation and the like, so that the water quality of a conveying water body is improved. Transition inclined plates are arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the channel, and if small animals fall into the channel carelessly, the transition inclined plates can cross the channel to break away from danger, so that the phenomenon of biological isolation of farmlands caused by the existence of ditches is avoided, and a complete aquatic organism system is formed;
the transition sloping plate is provided with a plurality of water through holes, so that on one hand, flowing water can conveniently pass through the water through holes, on the other hand, the water through holes can also provide a growing environment and a habitat for micro organisms, and a plurality of step surfaces on the upper surface of the transition sloping plate are used as channels for crossing channels, so that a complete farmland ecosystem is formed;
the meshes of the plastic grid are used as a cultivation space of the cultivation bag, and the cotton linen layer has a water storage function, so that necessary water can be provided for plants in dry seasons.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an anti-seepage ecological canal for farmland according to the invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the anti-seepage ecological canal for farmland of the invention.
Reference numerals: 1. the water-proof construction method comprises the following steps of a channel, 2, a channel bottom, 3, a side slope, 4, a slope top, 5, grid cloth, 6, a waterproof film, 7, a cotton linen layer, 8, a plastic grid, 9, a transition inclined plate, 91, a water through hole, 92, a step surface, 10 and earthwork.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the method for constructing an impermeable ecological channel of a farmland disclosed by the invention comprises the following construction steps:
1) designing a longitudinal direction route of a channel 1 according to original topographic conditions of a farmland, excavating to the design size of the cross section of the channel 1 by adopting a manual or mechanical mode, wherein the cross section of the channel 1 is a trapezoidal section, the depth of the channel 1 is 0.8-1 m, the width of a channel bottom 2 is 0.5-1 m, the width of a channel top is 1.2-1.8 m, and flattening and tamping operation is carried out on the excavated channel bottom 2 and side slopes 3 on two sides;
2) sequentially paving a mesh cloth 5, a waterproof film 6, a cotton linen layer 7 and a plastic mesh 8 in the channel 1 after the leveling and tamping operation is finished, wherein the cotton linen layer 7 is formed by superposing 3-5 layers of cotton linen, loam is padded between every two layers of cotton linen, the total thickness of the cotton linen layer 7 is 60-80 mm, the edges of two sides of the mesh cloth 5, the waterproof film 6, the cotton linen layer 7 and the plastic mesh 8 respectively extend to the slope tops 4 of side slopes 3 on two sides of the channel 1, and the excavated earthwork 10 is used for covering and compacting, and the waterproof film 6 is a PVC waterproof breathable film, a polyethylene waterproof film or a polyurethane waterproof film;
3) after the grid cloth 5, the waterproof membrane 6, the cotton cloth layer 7 and the plastic grids 8 are laid in the channel 1, the transition inclined plates 9 are arranged at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the channel 1, the two adjacent transition inclined plates 9 are arranged in a cross mode, the lower ends of the transition inclined plates 9 are placed on the plastic grids 8 of the channel bottom 2, the upper ends of the transition inclined plates 9 are abutted against the plastic grids 8 of the side slopes 3 on one side, a plurality of water through holes 91 are formed in the transition inclined plates 9 along the width direction of the transition inclined plates, a plurality of step surfaces 92 are formed in the upper surfaces of the transition inclined plates 9 along the length direction of the transition inclined plates, and the surfaces of the transition inclined plates 9;
4) measuring the longitudinal distance a between two adjacent transition inclined plates 9, and sequentially marking the transition inclined plates 9 in the channel 1 to finish the calibration operation of the length surveying and mapping of the ecological channel 1;
5) emergent aquatic plants are planted on the side slopes 3 on the two sides of the channel 1, lawns are planted on the slope tops 4 of the side slopes 3 on the two sides, submerged plants are planted on the channel bottom 2 of the channel 1, cultivation bags are filled in meshes of the plastic grids 8, and the cultivation bags are filled with nutrient soil doped with plant seeds, so that the ecological channel 1 is constructed.
Wherein, after the edges of the two adjacent waterproof membranes 6 in the step 2) are mutually overlapped, the edges of the two adjacent waterproof membranes 6 are mutually connected in a hot-melt connection mode, and the hot-melt temperature of the hot-melt connection between the edges of the two waterproof membranes 6 is controlled to be 250-280 ℃.
The implementation principle of the embodiment is as follows: the waterproof membrane 6 is tightly attached to the channel bottom 2 and the side slopes 3 on two sides of the channel 1 through the double supporting function of the plastic grids 8 and the grid cloth 5, meanwhile, the cotton-linen layer 7 and the plastic grids 8 play a role in protecting the waterproof membrane 6, and the waterproof membrane 6 can effectively prevent the leakage phenomenon of the channel 1; the cross-arranged transition inclined plates 9 are respectively supported on the side slopes 3 on the two sides of the channel 1, so that the side slopes 3 on the two sides of the channel 1 can withstand the washing of running water, the landslide phenomenon cannot be generated, and meanwhile, the two ends of the transition inclined plates 9 can be used for supporting and fixing the grid cloth 5, the waterproof membrane 6, the cotton linen layer 7 and the plastic grid 8; aquatic plants planted in the plastic grids 8 in the channel 1 and the cavity structures of the plastic grids 8 provide growing environments and inhabitation places for micro organisms, also provide conditions for biofilm formation, and can purify pollutants through the effects of interception, absorption, degradation and the like, so that the water quality of a conveying water body is improved. The transition sloping plates 9 are arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the channel 1, and if small animals fall into the channel 1 carelessly, the transition sloping plates 9 can cross the channel 1 to break away from danger, so that the biological isolation phenomenon of a farmland caused by the existence of ditches is avoided. The transition sloping plate 9 is provided with a plurality of water through holes 91, on one hand, the flowing water can conveniently pass through the water through holes 91, on the other hand, the water through holes 91 can also provide a growing environment and a habitat for the micro organisms, and a plurality of step surfaces 92 on the upper surface of the transition sloping plate 9 are used as channels for crossing the channel 1, so that a complete aquatic organism system and a farmland ecosystem are formed.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The construction method of the anti-seepage ecological channel of the farmland is characterized by comprising the following construction steps:
1) designing a longitudinal direction route of the channel (1) according to original topographic conditions of a farmland, excavating to the design size of the cross section of the channel (1) by adopting a manual or mechanical mode, and carrying out leveling and tamping operation on the excavated channel bottom (2) and the side slopes (3) on the two sides;
2) sequentially laying grid cloth (5), a waterproof film (6), a cotton linen layer (7) and plastic grids (8) in the channel (1) after finishing leveling and tamping operations, wherein the cotton linen layer (7) is formed by overlapping 3-5 layers of cotton linen, loam is filled between every two layers of cotton linen, the total thickness of the cotton linen layer (7) is 60-80 mm, and the edges of the two sides of the grid cloth (5), the waterproof film (6), the cotton linen layer (7) and the plastic grids (8) respectively extend to the slope tops (4) of the slopes (3) on the two sides of the channel (1) and are covered and compacted by excavated earthwork (10);
3) after the grid cloth (5), the waterproof film (6), the cotton linen layer (7) and the plastic grids (8) are paved in the channel (1), transition inclined plates (9) are arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the channel (1), the two adjacent transition inclined plates (9) are arranged in a cross mode, the lower ends of the transition inclined plates (9) are placed on the plastic grids (8) of the channel bottom (2), and the upper ends of the transition inclined plates (9) are abutted against the plastic grids (8) of the side slopes (3) on one side;
4) measuring the longitudinal distance a between two adjacent transition inclined plates (9), and sequentially marking the transition inclined plates (9) in the channel (1) to finish the calibration operation of mapping the length of the ecological channel (1);
5) emergent aquatic plants are planted on the side slopes (3) on the two sides of the channel (1), lawns are planted on the slope tops (4) of the side slopes (3) on the two sides, and submerged plants are planted on the channel bottom (2) of the channel (1), so that the ecological channel (1) is constructed.
2. The method for constructing an anti-seepage ecological channel for farmlands according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cross section of the channel (1) is a trapezoidal section, the depth of the channel is 0.8-1 m, the width of the channel bottom (2) is 0.5-1 m, and the width of the channel top is 1.2-1.8 m.
3. The method for constructing an anti-seepage ecological channel for farmlands according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: a plurality of limber holes (91) have been seted up along its width direction in transition swash plate (9), and the upper surface of transition swash plate (9) is equipped with a plurality of step faces (92) along its length direction.
4. The method for constructing an anti-seepage ecological channel for farmlands according to claim 3, characterized in that: the surface of the transition sloping plate (9) is of a porous structure.
5. The method for constructing an anti-seepage ecological channel for farmlands according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the waterproof membrane (6) is a PVC waterproof breathable membrane, a polyethylene waterproof membrane or a polyurethane waterproof membrane.
6. The method for constructing an anti-seepage ecological channel for farmlands according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the meshes of the plastic grid (8) are stuffed with cultivation bags, and the cultivation bags are filled with nutrient soil doped with plant seeds.
7. The method for constructing the anti-seepage ecological channel for the farmland as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that: after the edges of the two adjacent waterproof films (6) in the step 2) are mutually overlapped, the edges of the two adjacent waterproof films (6) are in sealing connection in a hot melting connection mode.
8. The method for constructing an anti-seepage ecological channel for farmlands according to claim 7, characterized in that: the hot melting temperature of the hot melting connection between the edges of the two waterproof films (6) is controlled to be 250-280 ℃.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911351121.XA CN111101483A (en) | 2019-12-24 | 2019-12-24 | Construction method of anti-seepage ecological channel of farmland |
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| CN201911351121.XA CN111101483A (en) | 2019-12-24 | 2019-12-24 | Construction method of anti-seepage ecological channel of farmland |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112064569A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-11 | 野趣生境环境设计（成都）研究院（有限合伙） | Method for constructing pond suitable for frog inhabitation in green land |
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| KR20020039797A (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-30 | 국천표,오의진 | U-shaped water-channel having a passage for amphibia to move through |
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| CN203247544U (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-10-23 | 高邮市水务局 | Creature passageway of concrete-lined channel |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112064569A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-11 | 野趣生境环境设计（成都）研究院（有限合伙） | Method for constructing pond suitable for frog inhabitation in green land |
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