CN215301753U - Ecological restoration structure for hydro-fluctuation belt in reservoir area - Google Patents
Ecological restoration structure for hydro-fluctuation belt in reservoir area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及消落带的生态修复技术领域，具体涉及一种库区消落带生态修复结构。包括反坡种植平台、挡土墙、水平种植槽、土工格栅，所述反坡种植平台是沿等高线进行水平阶整地，形成水平阶位外高内低的平台；沿反坡种植平台的前侧面修砌所述挡土墙，形成挡土坎，所述反坡种植平台上至少形成一道挡土坎，在所述挡土坎内开挖形成水平种植槽，在水平种植槽两侧设置土工格栅；所述挡土墙与挡土坎的界面之间铺设防水土工膜。本发明建立了库区消落带生态修复综合体系，阐明了消落带植物配置模式和不同坡度保水固土的工程措施，提出了适用于库区消落带生态修复结构。
The utility model relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of a fluctuating zone, in particular to an ecological restoration structure of a fluctuating zone in a reservoir area. It includes a reverse slope planting platform, a retaining wall, a horizontal planting trough, and a geogrid. The reverse slope planting platform is a horizontal step soil preparation along the contour line to form a platform with a horizontal step that is high on the outside and low on the inside; the planting platform along the reverse slope is The front side of the ridge is built with the retaining wall to form a retaining ridge, at least one retaining ridge is formed on the reverse slope planting platform, and a horizontal planting trough is excavated in the retaining ridge, on both sides of the horizontal planting trough A geogrid is arranged; a waterproof geomembrane is laid between the interface between the retaining wall and the retaining ridge. The invention establishes a comprehensive system of ecological restoration in the ebb and flow zone of the reservoir area, clarifies the plant configuration mode in the ebb and flow zone and the engineering measures for water conservation and soil retention at different slopes, and proposes an ecological restoration structure suitable for the ebb and flow zone in the reservoir area.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of hydro-fluctuation belts, in particular to an ecological restoration structure of a hydro-fluctuation belt in a reservoir area.
Background
The hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir area is a transition zone of an aquatic ecosystem and a terrestrial ecosystem, and ecological restoration is an important measure for improving the environment of the reservoir area, stabilizing a slope and protecting a bank and reducing pollutants. In recent years, ecological management of hydro-fluctuation belts is mostly concentrated in three gorges reservoir areas, and various arbors, shrubs and herbs with strong flooding capacity are screened out through flooding-resistant plant selection and cultivation and seasonal flooding tests. According to the landform characteristics of the hydro-fluctuation belt, engineering measures such as water retention, soil fixation and the like are assisted, the ecological environment of the reservoir area is improved to a certain extent, and a reservoir bank ecological barrier is established. However, the dry and hot river valley is dry and rainless, the soil in the hydro-fluctuation belt is deficient in water, the vegetation degradation is serious, the water and soil loss is aggravated, and the method is a difficult area for ecological restoration in the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze river in China. After the hot and dry valley hydro-fluctuation belt is flooded, original local plants are difficult to adapt to the flooding environment and die gradually. The vegetation suitable for the growth of the hydro-fluctuation belt in the reservoir areas of the three gorges and the like has general drought tolerance, and the successful mode of plant restoration of the hydro-fluctuation belt in the reservoir areas of the three gorges faces huge challenges when being used in dry and hot valleys. Based on the special climatic environment of the dry and hot valley hydro-fluctuation belt, the species suitable for phytoremediation should have amphibious habits of drought resistance and flooding resistance, and the species selection and cultivation still has great defects at present. In addition, the gully development in the dry-hot valley reservoir area, the gravity erosion effects of collapse, landslide, debris flow and the like are strong, the water and soil loss is serious, and great difficulty is brought to ecological restoration. The main technical problems facing the ecological restoration of the hydro-fluctuation belt in the reservoir area of the dry-hot valley hydropower station comprise: (1) selecting drought-resistant and flooding-resistant plants; (2) the factors influencing the implementation of engineering measures are more, and the influence by the relief of the terrain is larger; (3) and relatively few cases can be used for referencing the ecological restoration mode. On the premise of mainly plant restoration, the water retention and soil fixation engineering measures are adopted to be an important guarantee for smoothly carrying out ecological reconstruction of the hydro-fluctuation belt in the dry-hot valley reservoir area.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide an ecological restoration structure of a hydro-fluctuation belt in a reservoir area, which is mainly based on plant restoration, is matched with water and soil conservation engineering measures, is combined with the characteristics of the hydro-fluctuation belt in the reservoir area to establish a comprehensive restoration thought, and is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: the ecological restoration structure of the hydro-fluctuation belt in the reservoir area comprises a reverse slope planting platform, a retaining wall, horizontal planting grooves and geogrids, wherein the reverse slope planting platform is a platform with high outside and low inside along a contour line for horizontal step soil preparation; building the retaining wall along the front side surface of the reverse slope planting platform to form a soil retaining bank, forming at least one soil retaining bank on the reverse slope planting platform, excavating in the soil retaining bank to form a horizontal planting groove, and arranging geogrids on two sides of the horizontal planting groove; and a waterproof geomembrane is laid between the interfaces of the retaining wall and the retaining bank.
Preferably, as an improvement, a corresponding soil retaining bank is formed on the reverse slope planting platform through a soil retaining wall.
Preferably, as an improvement, the horizontal planting groove is formed by continuously excavating along a central axis of the retaining bank.
Preferably, as an improvement, the cross section of the horizontal planting groove is in an inverted trapezoid shape, the width of the upper part is 0.45m-0.65m, the width of the bottom part is 0.25-0.35m, and the depth is 0.45m-0.55 m.
Preferably, as an improvement, the retaining wall is formed by building a dry masonry retaining wall or driving imitated wood piles in a continuous row shape, and the retaining wall is at least 10cm higher than the retaining bank; the waterproof geomembrane is continuously laid in the horizontal direction, and the waterproof geomembrane is flush with the retaining wall in the height direction.
Preferably, as an improvement, the waterproof geomembrane is overlapped at the interval in the horizontal direction by adopting a joint.
Preferably, as a modification, the height of the geogrid is 130mm-160mm, and the grid size is 270mm × 270 mm.
Preferably, as an improvement, arbors and shrubs are planted in the horizontal planting grooves, and shrubs and herbs are planted in the geogrids; the planting ratio of arbors, shrubs and herbs is 1:2:3, the distance between arbors is 2.5-3.5 m, and the distance between shrubs is 0.5-1.5 m.
Preferably, as an improvement, the arbor is sequoia, birch, Chinese ash, mulberry, neem and bamboo willow; the shrub is Salix chevalieri, pyracantha fortuneana, Phyllostachys pubescens and Petasites euphorbia; the herbs are Bermuda grass, radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata, and herba Cymbopogonis Citrari.
Preferably, as an improvement, the soil dug out by the horizontal planting grooves is exposed to the sun and backfilled before the rainy season comes, and the surface of the backfilled soil is 12cm-18cm lower than the soil retaining ridge; adding water-retaining agent, compound fertilizer and bagasse into the backfill soil, wherein the application concentration of the water-retaining agent is 1.0%.
The utility model provides an ecological restoration structure for a hydro-fluctuation belt in a reservoir area, provides important technical guidance for ecological restoration of the hydro-fluctuation belt in the reservoir area, and comprises a reservoir area hydro-fluctuation belt ecological restoration thought, reservoir area hydro-fluctuation belt plant restoration comprehensive configuration, water retention and soil fixation engineering measures and a hydro-fluctuation belt comprehensive restoration mode. The method comprises the following steps: 1. building a hydro-fluctuation belt ecological restoration defense line in the reservoir area to form a hydro-fluctuation belt restoration belt, an ecological buffer belt and a water and soil conservation belt; 2. the method has the advantages that the applicable conditions of water retention and soil fixation and water retention and water saving engineering measures are clarified, the horizontal step land preparation and the geogrid are suitable for being carried out in a slope area with the gradient of 15-35 degrees, the retaining wall has a good effect in a steep slope area with the gradient of 25-35 degrees, the waterproof mulching film and the horizontal planting groove are suitable for playing an optimal role in an area with the gradient less than or equal to 45 degrees, and pebble coverage can be used for various gradients; 3. selecting and configuring plants in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir area, wherein arbors and shrubs can be planted in the upper end area with short flooding time of the hydro-fluctuation belt, and herbs can be planted in the lower end area with long flooding time; 4. the comprehensive restoration mode of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir area is a mode matched with plant measures and engineering measures, so that the water and soil loss and the non-point source pollution can be reduced, and the ecological environment of the reservoir area is improved.
The utility model establishes an ecological restoration comprehensive system of the hydro-fluctuation belt in the reservoir area, clarifies plant configuration modes of the hydro-fluctuation belt and engineering measures for retaining water and fixing soil at different slopes, and provides an ecological restoration structure suitable for the hydro-fluctuation belt in the reservoir area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of four types of ecological restoration structures of a hydro-fluctuation belt in a reservoir area according to an embodiment of the utility model.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view effect diagram of the ecological restoration structure of the hydro-fluctuation belt in the reservoir area according to the embodiment of the utility model.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
in fig. 1, 1 and 1 ' are horizontal step soil preparation, 2 and 2 ' are retaining walls, 3 and 3 ' are geogrids, 4 ' and 4 ' are horizontal planting grooves, 5 ' and 5 ' are waterproof mulching films, and 6, 6 ' and 6 ' are pebble covering.
In fig. 2, 7 and 8 are tree planting grooves, 9 is shrub planting grooves, 10 and 11 are herb planting grooves, 12 is a wood-like pile, and 13 is a geogrid.
1. Ecological restoration thought for hydro-fluctuation belt in reservoir area
Taking a dry and hot valley reservoir area as an example, the reservoir bank is sequentially a reservoir inundation area, a hydro-fluctuation belt exposure area, a reservoir influence area and an ecological fragile area from bottom to top. A long and narrow linear ecological buffer zone with water front is arranged in the reservoir influence zone along the upper part of the exposure zone of the hydro-fluctuation belt. Arbor or bush are planted in ecological buffer zone, adjust and filter the surface runoff to slow down the water conservancy of high altitude area rainwater confluence and erode, firm bank slope. And a water and soil conservation zone with a certain area range is planned at the upper part of the ecological buffer zone, so that the habitat at the upper part of the bank slope is improved, and the overall landscape is improved.
2. Method for configuring plants in hydro-fluctuation belt of reservoir area
The arbor disposed in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the dry-hot valley reservoir area comprises Chinese fir, birch, Chinese ash, mulberry, neem, bamboo willow and the like, the shrub comprises salix cacumen cheiloti, pyracantha fortuneana, phyllostachys pubescens, morinda officinalis and the like, and the herb comprises bermuda grass, radix glycyrrhizae uralensis, wild citronella and the like. Horizontally configuring and selecting mixed tree species with strong stress resistance and complementary ecological niches, and performing row-to-row mixed cross, strip-shaped mixed cross or random mixed cross with original seedlings; the vertical configuration builds a tree, shrub and grass three-dimensional restoration system according to the behavior of the plant holy hall.
3. Water-retaining engineering measure selecting and matching method
The engineering measures mainly comprise horizontal step soil preparation, retaining walls, geogrids (or self-locking building blocks), horizontal planting grooves, waterproof mulching walls, pebble covering and the like. In a hydro-fluctuation belt area with the gradient less than or equal to 15 degrees, 3 engineering measures such as planting grooves, waterproof mulching films and pebble mulching are suitable to be selected; 5 engineering measures of horizontal step soil preparation, geogrids, planting grooves, waterproof mulching films and pebble covering are properly selected in a hydro-fluctuation belt area of 15-25 degrees; in the hydro-fluctuation belt area of 25-35 degrees, 6 engineering measures of horizontal step soil preparation, retaining walls, geogrids, planting grooves, waterproof mulching films and pebble covering are selected suitably; in the 35-45-degree falling zone area, pebble coverage is preferably selected, and 3 engineering measures of retaining walls, geogrids and waterproof mulching films can be selected and matched; pebble covering engineering measures are only carried out in the hydro-fluctuation belt area of more than 45 degrees.
And arranging an ecological buffer zone combining arbor, shrub and grass in the elevation range of 3-10m on the falling zone of the hot and dry valley reservoir area. According to the gradient distribution condition, ecological restoration configuration is carried out on different hydro-fluctuation belts, 4 restoration modes such as I, II, III and IV in the table 1 are covered, and the ecological restoration plane effect of the hydro-fluctuation belts is shown in figure 2. Taking a steep slope area (mode III) restoration mode as an example (fig. 1c), the specific embodiment is as follows:
1. horizontal land preparation: and carrying out horizontal step soil preparation along the contour lines to form a reverse slope planting platform with a horizontal step position high outside and low inside. The horizontal step height is set to 1 m. The horizontal leveling should be implemented in a partitioned mode according to the original bank slope terrain, and the surface disturbance caused by earth and stone excavation is reduced as much as possible. Before land preparation, surface soil should be peeled and stored at fixed points according to the thickness distribution of the surface soil layer.
2. Retaining wall and waterproof plastic film: and building a dry masonry retaining wall along the front side surface of the step or driving the retaining wall consisting of wood-like piles into the retaining wall in a continuous row manner to form a retaining bank. The retaining wall or the wood-like pile should be 10cm higher than the retaining ridge and the depth should reach the plough bottom layer. The waterproof plastic film is arranged by depending on the retaining wall, namely a layer of waterproof geomembrane is laid between the retaining wall and the interface of the retaining bank. In the height direction, the waterproof geomembrane should be flush with the retaining wall. In the horizontal direction, the waterproof geomembrane should be laid continuously, and the joints should be overlapped at the discontinuous parts.
3. Horizontal planting tank: and continuously excavating planting grooves along the central axis of the soil blocking ridge. The cross section of the planting groove is excavated into an inverted trapezoid, the widths of the upper part and the bottom part are respectively 0.5m and 0.3m, and the depth is 0.5 m. The excavated soil is solarized firstly, and then backfilled before the rainy season comes, wherein the backfilling surface is 15cm lower than the horizontal step surface. And (3) preparing the land in the 11-12 month period, exposing the dug soil to the sun in 1-4 months in the next year, backfilling the exposed soil before the rainy season comes, and temporarily starting planting in the 6-7 month rainy season. The backfill soil surface is about 10cm lower than the horizontal step surface, the horizontal interface width is 1m, and the backfill soil surface is in a reverse slope shape. The length is determined according to the terrain, the curve is continuously realized as much as possible, the excavation depth is 0.5m, and the step interval is 3 m.
4. Geogrid: and laying geogrids on two sides of the horizontal planting groove. The height of the geogrid is 150mm, and the grid size is 270mm multiplied by 270 mm. On the basis of the supporting measures of the geogrid engineering, the size and the height of the cells are adjusted by considering the vertical distribution rule of the water content of the soil, and the water-saving measures of adding the underground mulching film partition walls can be fused. The water-retaining agent is applied to the soil to inhibit the evaporation of the soil water and maintain the soil water, and the application concentration is preferably 1.0%.
5. Planting plants: and planting trees and shrubs in the planting tank. The arbor is mainly selected from Sequoia zhongshanensis, Betula platyphylla, Pterocarya stenoptera, mulberry, Azadirachta indica, bamboo willow, Albizia julibrissin, Sapium sebiferum, Broussonetia papyrifera, etc.; the shrub mainly comprises Salix cacumen Myricariae Germanicae, pyracantha fortunei, Phyllostachys pubescens, Rumex japonicus, Chinese mosquito tree, Cornus walteri, and fructus Zanthoxyli; the herbs mainly comprise Bermuda grass, radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata, herba Cymbopogonis Citrari, pennisetum hydridum, and herba Xanthii. The planting ratio of the arbor to the shrub is 1:2:3, the plant spacing of the arbor is 3m, and the plant spacing of the shrub is 1 m. The backfill soil can be properly added with a water-retaining agent. The water and fertilizer control measures mainly include covering gravel, applying compound fertilizer and bagasse, and applying fertilizer once again in the next year after planting. And planting small shrubs and herbs in the geogrid. In addition, the planting holes are covered with pebbles to inhibit the water evaporation of the soil.
Table 1: application condition of ecological restoration engineering measures for hydro-fluctuation belt in dry-hot valley reservoir area
(√ as configuration,. smallcircle. times. optional. times. non-configuration)
The utility model integrates the land standing characteristics and the topographic distribution rule of the hydro-fluctuation belt in the dry and hot valley reservoir area, integrates plant restoration measures and water-retention and soil-fixation engineering measures, divides 5 slope ecological restoration modes suitable for the hydro-fluctuation belt in the dry and hot valley reservoir area, enriches the ecological restoration technical system of the hydro-fluctuation belt, and provides technical guidance for the ecological reconstruction of the dry and hot valley reservoir area.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge in the art of designing and/or characterizing particular aspects and/or features is not described in any greater detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in the present application shall be determined by the contents of the specification, and the descriptions of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the specification.
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| CN112970469A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-06-18 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Ecological restoration structure for hydro-fluctuation belt in reservoir area |
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