CN1111000C - Selective cultivation method for hybridized Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto and B. tuberhybrida Voss - Google Patents
Selective cultivation method for hybridized Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto and B. tuberhybrida Voss Download PDFInfo
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- CN1111000C CN1111000C CN99118691A CN99118691A CN1111000C CN 1111000 C CN1111000 C CN 1111000C CN 99118691 A CN99118691 A CN 99118691A CN 99118691 A CN99118691 A CN 99118691A CN 1111000 C CN1111000 C CN 1111000C
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Abstract
In the present invention, begonia semperflorens link et otto is used as a maternal plant for artificial hybridization with B. tuberhybrida voss, the difficult that the cross-compatibility is low (the percentage of fertile fruit is only 1.1%) is overcome, and a hybrid cherry Chinese small apple is obtained. Through the identification of morphology and the chromosome analysis, the cherry Chinese small apple is confirmed to be the first hybrid generation of begonia semperflorens link et otto and B. tuberhybrida voss. The cherry Chinese small apple has the characteristics of the maternal plant that adaptability is strong, the florescence is long, the cultivation and the reproduction are easy, and the cherry Chinese small apple does not easy to fall down and the characteristics of a paternal plant that the flowers are large, the color is gorgeous, the flower colors are rich (B light scarlet, deep pink, pink and white are separated), the flower number on the inflorescence and the petal number are obviously more than the parent plants, and the properties for viewing and admiring are enhanced. Through the cutting propagation and the tissue culture, the stability is kept after a plurality of years of selection, and the cherry Chinese small apple comes onto the market in mass.
Description
Begonia (Begonia) is one of famous ornamental flower, and it is of a great variety, is distributed widely in the torrid zone and the subtropical zone in Asia, Africa and America.This genus whole world is had an appointment 1000 kinds according to statistics, begonia has long cultivation history, 1770, Europe greenhouse culture first kind of begonia Begonia minor, 1909, " Pu Limadongna " that the Ai Erfute Benelli has been bred first real F1 Hybrid one Impatiens Hybriden (Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto) in the flowers (Primadonna).But because compatibility is low between the begonia kind, each capsule generally contains the seed of thousands of rates, has increased the difficulty of breeding, and therefore, prior art is reported seldom about the work of begonia breeding.
The objective of the invention is in order to obtain a kind of adaptability widely that has, the begonia Hybrid (being named as the cherry Malus spectabilis) that proterties is stable, ornamental value is high.
In order to realize purpose of the present invention, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of selection of begonia Hybrid, (Begonia semperflorensLink et Otto) is female parent with Impatiens Hybriden, napiform root Malus spectabilis (B.tuberhybrida Voss) hybridizes for male parent, gets blade then behind the planting seed and carries out tissue culture and cottage propagation.
The present invention further provides the concrete selection of above-mentioned begonia Hybrid, promptly be to gather pollen from male parent napiform root Malus spectabilis male flower to invest on the gynoecium style of maternal Impatiens Hybriden, every flower repeats to pollinate 5-7 time, in fruit, take out seed then, sowing according to a conventional method, get plant leaf, according to a conventional method after the sterilization, stripping and slicing is inoculated, and medium is minimal medium with MS, sucrose, agar consumption is respectively 30.0g/l and 6.0g/l, the differential medium supplementary element is BA1.0mg/l+NAA0.2mg/l 1., 2. BA1.0mg/l+1.0NAAmg/l, and the root media supplementary element is 3. NAA0.2mg/l.25 ± 3 ℃ of cultivation temperature, intensity of illumination 1500-2000Lx, light application time 10h; Adopting the sprout tillers bar for transplanting a cutting, is matrix with perlite+peat (1: 1), without chemicals treatment, at temperature 15-25 ℃, carries out cottage propagation under the condition of relative air humidity 80-90%.
Further specify essentiality content of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiments of the invention, but content of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment:
1 materials and methods
Father, the maternal begonia of test are the different flowering plant of monoecism, and maternal Impatiens Hybriden (Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto) is a Begonia fibrous root class, and plant type is short and small, it is strong that the stem branch is sprouted power, and the blade pale red has all throughout the year that the flowers are in blossom puts, breeding is easy, but the flower number is less on the inflorescence, and flower is little, each epicorolline petal number is few, and winter cold resistance strong inadequately, pollen redness, polyphyll, the whole lobeizations of stamen do not have the possibility of pollination self.Male parent napiform root Malus spectabilis (B.tuberhybrida Voss) is a Begonia napiform root class, safflower, and large flower and brilliant color, the lobe number is more, and pattern is abundant, and cold resistance is stronger.1-1 gathers pollen from open half double napiform root Malus spectabilis male flower and invests on the gynoecium style of Impatiens Hybriden, and every flower repeats to pollinate 5-7 time, pollinates 180 altogether, observes the growth of cross compatibility and fruit simultaneously.But most of prematurity just comes off naturally, only receives 2 capsules at last.The seed of two pieces of fruits that 1-2 will receive takes out, sowing according to a conventional method, and seedling 725 strains, normal management seedling are transplanted in the back of emerging; When blooming, observe variation situation and the morphological feature of statistics plant.1-3 tissue culture: get the plant leaf that did not water liquid manure morning, the blade of different patterns, various position leaves is respectively charged into paper bag, after the sterilization, blade is cut into 1cm according to a conventional method
2Inoculate.Medium is minimal medium with MS, and sucrose, agar consumption are respectively 30.0g/l and 6.0g/l, and the differential medium supplementary element is BA1.0 mg/l+NAA0.2 mg/l 1., 2. BA1.0mg/l+1.0NAAmg/l, and the root media supplementary element is 3. NAA0.2mg/l.25 ± 3 ℃ of cultivation temperature, intensity of illumination 1500-2000Lx, light application time 10h.The 1-4 cottage propagation: adopt the sprout tillers bar for transplanting a cutting on good plant, 3 joints are stayed in each cutting, remove the blade of base portion two joints.With perlite+peat (1: 1) is matrix, without chemicals treatment, at temperature 15-25 ℃, carries out cottage propagation under the condition of relative air humidity 80-90%, gathers father, female parent cutting carrying out cuttage simultaneously relatively, observes their situation of taking root and the stability of blooming.1-5 chromosome analysis: cut the plant tip of a root, behind 0.1% colchicine preliminary treatment 3h, use ethanol: the fixer of glacial acetic acid (3: 1) is fixed 30 minutes, the hydrolysis 6 minutes under 60 ℃ of constant temperature of the hydrochloric acid of using 1N again, with 1% aceto-orcein dyeing compressing tablet, observe chromosome at last.2 results and analysis 2.1 cross compatibilities and fruit development
From polyphyll Impatiens Hybriden and napiform root Malus spectabilis hybridisation events, although 180 female flowers have only 10 ovary to begin to expand after repeatedly repeating to pollinate .15 days, and the setting number after 30 days has only 2, fruit does not just come off from maternal plant voluntarily to maturation, and not full, the outward appearance of fruit is grown and is presented abnormality.The seed that takes out has the empty grain of part, and seed is little than male parent or maternal selfing, and the contained seed number of each capsule also wants much less (be approximately normal north fruit 15%), after planting only obtains F
1Seedling 725 strains, this shows that a large amount of female flowers can not be fertilized or be fertilized undesired, the cross compatibility of father and mother between this is very low.Though polyphyll Impatiens Hybriden and napiform root Malus spectabilis belong to Begonia together, on form, there is bigger difference, adhere to fibrous root group and napiform root group separately, its affiliation is far away.In general, affiliation is far away more on the taxonomy, and affinity phenomenon is not serious more.2.2 hybrid F
1The morphological feature of plant
Hybrid F
1Tangible separation has taken place in flower behind the plant blossom.From flower lobe type, plant has been divided into three types: (1) simple flower, account for 65.0% of total strain number, and (2) half double flowers, its petal number obviously is less than female parent, and ratio is 22.5%, (3) double flower, the petal number accounts for 12.5% of total strain number apparently higher than female parent.Its ratio is approximately 5: 2: 1, does not meet the ratio number of Mendelian inheritance, and the ratio number of simple flower is obvious higher, and half double than number deficiency.About the diversity that the heredity of double flower is learned owing to existence, genetic behavior is very complicated, does not prove its hereditary basis so far not yet fully aware ofly, and in general, polyphyll is a kind of recessive character, but also exactly so.From the origin mode of double flower, accumulation origin, female stamen origin, inflorescence origin are arranged usually, repeat to originate from four kinds, polyphyll Impatiens Hybriden * napiform root Malus spectabilis F
1Belong to the double flower of inflorescence origin, every is spent actual is a little inflorescence.Hybrid F
1Pattern separation has also taken place, dark red, pink, light pink, 4 kinds of colors of white that three kinds of colored types have all occurred, ratio approximately is 5: 7: 3: 1, the also ratio number of non-Mendelian heredity.Many researchs think that the forming process of pattern controlled by a sequence gene, and the behavior of gene is highly specially changed, and some Gene Handling the content of cyanine rope, thereby may control the depth of pattern.It is unexistent light pink and white to have occurred parents in this hybrid combination, has also shown the complexity of pattern heredity.Impatiens Hybriden, napiform root Malus spectabilis are originally as the gardening crossbreed, and its fertility is not high, F
1Fertility more reduce, red, light pink and white ovary is also acted normally, and certain fertility is arranged, and pink plant female flower is abnormal, the pollination back finds that ovary breaks, and exposes petal, dissects the back and finds also comprising a Xiao Hua in the ovary.Above-mentioned phenomenon occurring may be because two garden-variety hereditary factors has complicated heterozygosity to produce.
Eliminate single-lobe and half polyphyll plant, stay 12.5% polyphyll plant and organize training and cottage propagation, and further screening, carry out genetic stability and identify and expanding propagation.
Father and mother's basis and F have been listed in the table 1
1The main morphological feature of good plant finds that hybrid combines some peculiar proterties of polyphyll Impatiens Hybriden and napiform root Malus spectabilis substantially, and some The Characters go out parents' mid-parent, and as flower diameter, plant height etc., some proterties then surpasses father and mother originally, as the petal number.Generally speaking, its ornamental value obviously is better than female parent, the increase, flower diameter that mainly shows individual plant flower quantity increase and characteristic such as bloom in the anniversary on.Simultaneously, F
1Under ground portion the Xiao Jiang bulk obviously occurred and expanded, this is that Impatiens Hybriden is unexistent, like this under winter lower temperature situation, shows than female parent and has stronger cold tolerance.
Table 1 F
1Plant and father and mother morphological feature originally relatively
2.3 hybrid F
1Chromosome identify
| Project Impatiens Hybriden napiform root Malus spectabilis F 1 Items B.semperflorens B.tuberhybrida ouble F 1 | |
| Pattern is pink red: pink: light pink: white lower color pink red Red, pink, light ink, white flower number/inflorescence (4-5+1-2 1-2+1-2 5-0+0-3 lower No.Per florensence of ♂+♀) | |
| Male flower male lowe | The single flower of flower diameter (cm) 2-3 7-12 4-6 flower size petal is counted long (cm) 2-4 7-15 of 100-180 90-120 400-600 Petal No.Per flower sprays 5-9 Length of flower stem |
| Blade Leaf | The green bright green of leaf look pale red; Edge slightly red leaf color light red green bright green, long (cm) 1-2 5-8 of oblique avette oval leaf pattern egg-round oblique-round egg-roumd length+wide (cm) 10-15 20-60 20-25 length+width petiole of red edge blade profile oval 3-4 length ofpetiole |
| The strong and weak strong prouting ability strongest weak ore stronger of plant height (cm) plant high 20-35 40-70 0-60 under ground portion fibrous root ball stem tubercle nderground part fibrous root corm mall tuber branch pumping ability | |
Because the chromosome of Begonia (Begonia) is irregular polyploid, its number is 2n=32,33,34,50,51,66,68, and chromosome is especially little, is difficult to organize type analysis, thereby only its chromosome number is observed.Observed result shows that the chromosome number of Impatiens Hybriden is 2n=32 ± 2, and the chromosome number of napiform root Malus spectabilis is 2n=52, F
1Chromosome number be 40 ± 2, be about half of this sum of father and mother; F
1Cell and chromosome size approach female parent, male parent is then relatively large.Therefore can think the F that obtains from cytological angle
1Generation is the hybrid F of polyphyll Impatiens Hybriden * napiform root Malus spectabilis really
12.4 F
1The tissue culture of plant
The pink F of table 2
1The differentiation reaction of plant Different Leaf-position Leaf Blades
| Various position leaves *different leaf position | The dedifferentiation time (my god) again between differentiation phase (my god) number of seedling (strain/bottle) dedifferntiation time redifferntiation time seedling No. | |
| The 1st leaf first leaf | Blade tip leaf apex phyllopodium leaf base | 28 20 15 21 20 31 |
| The 2nd leaf second leaf | Blade tip leaf apex phyllopodium leaf base | 30 21 15 24 20 25 |
| The 3rd leaf third leaf | Blade tip leaf apex phyllopodium leaf base | 35 21 12 21 20 20 |
*From top to bottom
As can be seen from Table 2, than the easy cultivation of blade tip, it is few to break up the required time than Lao Ye, phyllopodium for spire, and the seedling quantity that differentiates is many.Reason has two aspects, and the one, the hormone in the plant corpus distributes not only inhomogeneous up and down, and the different parts of same blade also there are differences.In addition, the age of spire and phyllopodium is relative lighter, and its cell activity is stronger.We find simultaneously, and along with the increase of successive transfer culture algebraically, the differentiation rate of explant improves gradually, and four generations are later on basicly stable.From the differentiation difference of various pattern explants, peach differentiation rate is the highest, and red minimum.2.5 F
1The cottage propagation of plant
Table 3 hybrid F
1Compare with parent's cottage propagation
Project Impatiens Hybriden napiform root Malus spectabilis F
1
Items B.semperflorens B.tuberhybrida cutting time (day/month) 9/4 9/49/4Cutting date (day/month) control time (day/month) 29/4 29/429/4Investigation date (day/month) cuttage quantity, the 200 200200No.Of cutting quantity 200 124200No.Of rooted cutting rooting rates 100 62100Rate of rooted cutting several 9.2 6.58.8Average root amount/cutting modes of taking root of on average taking root of taking root save the position Form of rooting roots at stem node Roots at callusRoots at stem of taking root on the stem of taking root on the spherical callus of taking root
Parent and F
1The result of the test of transplanting a cutting shows (table 3), F
1The same available cottage propagation mode with the parent enlarges quantity, during cottage propagation, and F
1With the cuttage of Impatiens Hybriden only 7 days, rooting rate just reached 100%, and this moment, the napiform root Malus spectabilis only began to form callus, did not see root of hair.After the cuttage when 20 days (29/4) rooting rate of napiform root Malus spectabilis also only be 62%, and have part to transplant a cutting to begin to addle.This shows that napiform root Malus spectabilis cuttage root-taking is slow, rooting rate is low, and this is relevant with the mode of taking root of just taking root after it will form callus.F
1The situation of taking root and female parent comparatively approaching.
The cuttage test also shows, is carrying out F
1Cottage propagation the time, note and can not be bud or not have the branch of bud to do cutting with terminal bud, bloom soon after potted plant otherwise take root for transplanting a cutting, be difficult to grow up to stalwartness and the luxuriant plant of branches and leaves, perhaps transplant a cutting and be difficult to sprout shoot.
Through continuous more than ten years observation, the hybrid F of different patterns
1By tissue culture and cottage propagation, proterties such as the plant type of its apogamic seedling, pattern do not have to change substantially, and 98% tree characteristics is stable, and the petal number of 2% plant reduces to some extent, proves F
1Proterties stable, can promote cultivation.
To sum up, can find out the present invention compared with prior art, its excellent benefit is: the present invention by to Begonia not on the same group two garden-variety kinds of (section) carry out distant hybridization, overcome the difficulty of compatibility difference, obtained F1, really be the hybrid F of Impatiens Hybriden * napiform root Malus spectabilis through morphology, Chromosome Identification1 Its ornamental value is higher than Impatiens Hybriden, and proterties is stable, and this has the certain significance to enriching the begonia garden-variety. There is the begonia resource than horn of plenty on complete also boundary, but mostly only limit at present introducing and planting research, the work of relevant begonia breeding aspect is rarely reported, the present invention has obtained success, it is low to have overcome simultaneously between the begonia kind compatibility, each capsule generally contains thousands of seed, the difficulty that breeding work is difficult to.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of selection of begonia Hybrid, it is characterized in that with Impatiens Hybriden (Begoniasemperflorens Link et Otto) be female parent, napiform root Malus spectabilis (B.tuberhybrida Voss) hybridizes for male parent, gets blade then behind the planting seed and carries out tissue culture and cottage propagation.
2, the selection of begonia Hybrid according to claim 1, it is characterized in that gathering pollen from male parent napiform root Malus spectabilis male flower invests on the gynoecium style of maternal Impatiens Hybriden, every flower repeats to pollinate 5-7 time, in fruit, take out seed then, sowing according to a conventional method, get plant leaf, according to a conventional method after the sterilization, stripping and slicing is inoculated, and medium is minimal medium with MS, sucrose, agar consumption is respectively 30.0g/l and 6.0g/l, the differential medium supplementary element is BA1.0mg/l+NAA0.2mg/l 1., 2. BA1.0mg/l+NAA1.0mg/l, and the root media supplementary element is 3. NAA0.2mg/l.Cultivation temperature 25+3 ℃, intensity of illumination 1500-2000Lx, light application time 10h; Adopting the sprout tillers bar for transplanting a cutting, is matrix with perlite+peat (1: 1), without chemicals treatment, at temperature 15-25 ℃, carries out cottage propagation under the condition of relative air humidity 80-90%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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| CN99118691A CN1111000C (en) | 1999-09-03 | 1999-09-03 | Selective cultivation method for hybridized Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto and B. tuberhybrida Voss |
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| CN1111000C true CN1111000C (en) | 2003-06-11 |
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| CN102919034A (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-02-13 | 金陵科技学院 | Cutting method of chaenomeles cathayensis or chaenomeles speciosa |
| CN107699615B (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-11-06 | 山东省林木种质资源中心 | A method of identifying Malus spectabilis kind using DNA sequence dna structure nucleic acid molecule formula |
| CN111480574B (en) * | 2020-04-25 | 2021-09-03 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Tissue culture method for rapid seedling formation of sweet cherry intraspecific hybridization F1 generation |
| CN117413772B (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2024-09-10 | 安徽农业大学 | Induction method for chromosome doubling of malus haliotidis |
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| 仲恺农业技术学院学报 1998-01-01 铁十字海棠的组织培养和快速繁殖 * |
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