CN114097602B - Ternary hybridization seed production method for ornamental sunflower - Google Patents
Ternary hybridization seed production method for ornamental sunflower Download PDFInfo
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- CN114097602B CN114097602B CN202111382535.6A CN202111382535A CN114097602B CN 114097602 B CN114097602 B CN 114097602B CN 202111382535 A CN202111382535 A CN 202111382535A CN 114097602 B CN114097602 B CN 114097602B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ternary hybrid seed production method for ornamental sunflower, which comprises the following steps: s1: selecting a monochromatic flower sterile line A as a female parent, carrying out test cross on maintainer lines B and C which have larger difference with flower colors respectively to construct a sterile line combination A x B and a sterile line combination A x C, then selecting single plants similar to male parents B and C in test cross progeny groups of each generation respectively to carry out backcross with the B and the C, and carrying out continuous backcross for more than 5 generations to form 2 new sterile line combinations D and E. S2: and (3) carrying out test crossing on the sterile line combination D and the maintainer line C to produce a hybrid D x C, or carrying out test crossing on the sterile line combination E and the maintainer line B to produce a hybrid E x B. The method can produce more and better seeds of the novel ornamental sunflower variety in a relatively short time, improve the variability of the flower color and the flower type of the ornamental sunflower variety, and simultaneously can strengthen the protection and the utilization of the hybrid seeds of the novel ornamental sunflower variety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fine crop seed breeding, and particularly relates to a ternary hybrid seed production method for ornamental sunflower.
Background
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus l.) is a composite sunflower (Helianthus) family, native to north america, and introduced into our country at the end of the 16 th century or at the beginning of the 17 th century. For a long time, sunflowers have been used mainly in our country as oil crops and leisure foods. In recent years, with the national economic development and the improvement of the living standard of people, people begin to pay more attention to the enjoyment of mental life, and sunflower is deeply loved by people due to the characteristics of multiple flower colors, enthusiasm and the like and has stronger ornamental value. At present, new ornamental sunflower varieties with various flower types and flower colors are bred.
Sunflower is a cross-pollinated plant, and homozygous seeds of the sunflower are usually stored by adopting a selfing line, so that the sunflower is only suitable for a breeder to perform field tests, and the seed consumption is very low. Years of practice shows that generally 800-1500 seeds can be produced in one medium-sized oil sunflower or edible sunflower disc, each ornamental sunflower plant generally has 10-15 flower discs, the top flower generally has 800-1200 seeds, the lateral branch flower disc generally has 300-500 seeds, each plant can harvest 4000-5000 seeds or even more seeds, and the propagation coefficient is higher. The planting density of ornamental sunflower is generally low, and each 667m 2 About 1500-2000 plants are needed to be planted, the amount needed in unit area is small, the oil sunflower and the edible sunflower are usually produced into hybrid commercial varieties by adopting a sterile line, a maintainer line and a restorer line, usually (a sterile line X maintainer line) X restorer line, and fertile commercial varieties are produced by 2 times of hybridization. The ornamental sunflower is different from the traditional oil sunflower and edible sunflower in that high-yield hybridization combination needs to be selected, the specificity of flower color and flower type is considered, the stability of sterility is considered, and the safety of fresh cut flowers or potted flowers to people is ensured. At present, there is a need for a seed production method which can produce more and better seeds of new variety of ornamental sunflower in a faster time, improve the diversity of flower color and flower type of ornamental sunflower, and enhance the hybrid seeds of new variety of ornamental sunflowerProtection and utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing and breeding ornamental sunflower seeds with a certain variety self-protection function.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a ternary hybrid seed production method for ornamental sunflower comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a single-color flower sterile line A as a female parent, respectively carrying out test cross with maintainer lines B and C to construct a sterile line combination A x B and a sterile line combination A x C, then respectively selecting single plants similar to male parents B and C from test cross progeny groups of each generation, carrying out backcross with B and C, and continuously backcrossing for more than 5 generations to form 2 new sterile line combinations D and E.
S2: and (3) carrying out test crossing on the sterile line combination D and the maintainer line C to produce a hybrid D x C, or carrying out test crossing on the sterile line combination E and the maintainer line B to produce a hybrid E x B.
As the optimization of the invention, the male parent inbred line selects the new ornamental sunflower variety (line) seed which is bred by multi-generation inbred breeding and is suitable for ornamental and has stable and consistent characters.
As the optimization of the invention, the original sterile line female parent must select the single-color flower sterile line which is subjected to more than 5 times of test cross and backcross.
As the optimization of the invention, each hybrid combination has not less than 30 male parents and not less than 15 female parents.
As the optimization of the invention, the field planting, the same combination must plant the male parent and the female parent in the same net shed, the row number of the male parent and the female parent is configured according to 1-3 or 2.
As the optimization of the invention, the hybrid seeds harvested in each generation of the hybrid combination of A x B and A x C must be sorted, abnormal seeds and heterochromatic seeds are removed, and single plants with similar plant height, plant type, leaf type, flower type and flower color are selected to form a relatively consistent group;
as the optimization of the invention, the male parent of the hybrid combination of AxB and AxC must be bagged, selfed and kept pure, or the male parent is initially stored in a large amount in a low-temperature warehouse and is taken out for use year by year.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the same sterile line and different maintainer lines for test cross, then adopts a continuous backcross method to obtain a plurality of new ornamental sunflower sterile lines, and can create a plurality of ornamental sunflower ternary combinations by test cross of 1 maintainer line and a plurality of new sterile lines, thereby effectively increasing the new sterile line change types of the ornamental sunflower. In addition, after the sterile line of ornamental sunflower cultivated by binary hybrid combination is backcrossed for multiple generations, the characters of the sterile line are basically similar to those of the maintainer line, the hybrid vigor and resistance are obviously weakened, a new ornamental sunflower hybrid combination required in production can be effectively provided through ternary hybridization, and meanwhile, the resistance and hybrid vigor are obviously increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of ternary hybrid seed production according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flower type chart of the sterile line A of the single-colored flower of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a flower pattern of the solid color flower maintainer B of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a flower pattern of the solid color flower maintainer C of example 1;
FIG. 5 is a flower type of sterile line combination D of example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A ternary hybrid seed production method for ornamental sunflower comprises the following steps;
1) Selecting a male parent inbred line: selecting new ornamental sunflower seeds (line) which are bred by multi-generation selfing and are suitable for ornamental and have stable and consistent characters;
2) Selecting a female parent sterile line, namely selecting a monochromatic flower sterile line which is subjected to test cross and backcross for more than 5 times as a female parent;
3) Planting in the field, planting male parents and female parents in the same net shed for the same combination, and configuring the line number of the male parents and the female parents according to 1: 3;
4) Artificial pollination in a net shed or bee pollination is used for producing seeds, firstly, the male parent is subjected to artificial impurity removal and purification before flowering, high abnormal plants and particularly short plants are removed, similarly, plants with relatively consistent height, leaf type, leaf color, flower type and flower color are selected for the female parent according to the quantity of required seeds, abnormal plants with larger difference are removed, the fertility of the female parent needs to be checked after flowering, fertile plants in the female parent need to be removed, and if the proportion of fertile plants in the female parent of filial generations is too large, the fertile plants need to be discarded;
5) Some plants have a half-sterile phenomenon after the female parent blooms, pollen can not be generated at the periphery of a flower disc possibly, a small amount of pollen can be generated in the middle of the flower disc, or the flower disc at the lower part can generate the pollen, the flower disc at the middle upper part does not generate the pollen and other conditions, so that the flower disc with the pollen needs to be checked in time to prevent the variation of filial generation and ensure the purity and consistency of the filial generation;
6) And (3) cross pollination, wherein artificial pollination is performed every 3-5 days, and each cross combination needs pollination for 3-5 times.
7) Selecting 3-5 typical plants from the male parent in the net shed, bagging, and artificially pollinating the bagged plants every 3-5 days to improve the maturing rate;
8) As shown in FIG. 1, after the sterile line combination A x B is backcrossed with the maintainer line B for 5 times continuously, a new sterile line, hereinafter referred to as D, is obtained, and the new sterile line basically keeps the flower color and flower type of the maintainer line B; similarly, after the sterile line combination AxC is backcrossed with the maintainer line C for 5 times continuously, a new sterile line E is obtained, which is hereinafter referred to as E, and the new sterile line E basically keeps the flower color and the flower type of the maintainer line C;
9) And (3) testing and crossing the new sterile line D and the maintainer line C to obtain a new ternary hybrid D x C, and testing and crossing the new sterile line E and the maintainer line B to obtain a new ternary hybrid E x B.
Example 2
A ternary hybrid seed production method for ornamental sunflower comprises the following steps;
1) Selecting a male parent inbred line: selecting new ornamental sunflower seeds (line) which are bred by multi-generation selfing and are suitable for ornamental and have stable and consistent characters;
2) Selecting a female parent sterile line, namely selecting a monochromatic flower sterile line which is subjected to test cross and backcross for more than 5 times as a female parent;
3) Planting in the field, planting male parents and female parents in the same net shed for the same combination, and configuring the number of lines of the male parents and the female parents according to 2: 2;
4) Artificial pollination in a net shed or seed production by bee pollination, wherein before blooming, firstly, the male parent must be subjected to artificial impurity removal and purification to remove high heterotypic plants and particularly short plants, and similarly, the female parent should be selected and retained according to the quantity of required seeds to remove the heterotypic plants with larger differences, and the fertility of the female parent must be checked after blooming, and fertile plants in the female parent must be removed, and if the ratio of the fertile plants in the female parent of the filial generation is too large, the fertile plants must be discarded;
5) Some plants have a half-sterile phenomenon after the female parent blooms, pollen can not be generated at the periphery of a flower disc possibly, a small amount of pollen can be generated in the middle of the flower disc, or the flower disc at the lower part can generate the pollen, the flower disc at the middle upper part does not generate the pollen and other conditions, so that the flower disc with the pollen needs to be checked in time to prevent the variation of filial generation and ensure the purity and consistency of the filial generation;
6) And (3) cross pollination, wherein artificial pollination is performed every 3-5 days, and each cross combination needs pollination for 3-5 times. Or a plurality of pollination insects or bees are placed in each net shed for pollination.
7) Selecting 3-5 typical plants from the male parent in the net shed, bagging, and artificially pollinating the bagged plants every 3-5 days to improve the maturing rate;
8) As shown in fig. 1-5, after the sterile line combination a x B is backcrossed with the maintainer line B for 5 times continuously, a new sterile line, hereinafter referred to as D, is obtained, which basically maintains the flower color and flower type of the maintainer line B; similarly, after the sterile line combination A x C is backcrossed for 5 times continuously by the maintainer line C, a new sterile line E is obtained, which is called E for short, and the new sterile line E basically keeps the flower color and the flower type of the maintainer line C;
9) And (3) testing and crossing the new sterile line D and the maintainer line C to obtain a new ternary hybrid D x C, and testing and crossing the new sterile line E and the maintainer line B to obtain a new ternary hybrid E x B.
The binary hybrid combination is simpler in technical aspect and is easy to copy, but the ternary hybrid combination has more configurable production combination changes, so that at present, the inventor has bred 10 maintainer lines of different colors of ornamental sunflower and bred 10 sterile lines of ornamental sunflower, and according to the sightseeing requirement, a new sterile line and a new maintainer line are selected in a targeted manner for test cross so as to cultivate a new ornamental sunflower hybrid combination. In theory, new hybridization combinations can achieve at least 100 new hybridization combination variation types.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, principal features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The ternary hybrid seed production method for ornamental sunflower is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting a single-color flower sterile line A as a female parent, respectively carrying out test cross with maintainer lines B and C to construct a sterile line combination A x B and a sterile line combination A x C, then respectively selecting single plants similar to male parents B and C from test cross progeny groups of each generation, carrying out backcross with B and C, and continuously backcrossing for more than 5 generations to form 2 new sterile line combinations D and E;
s2: and (3) carrying out test crossing on the sterile line combination D and the maintainer line C to produce a hybrid D x C, or carrying out test crossing on the sterile line combination E and the maintainer line B to produce a hybrid E x B.
2. The ternary hybrid seed production method for ornamental sunflower as claimed in claim 1, wherein the male parent inbred line selects new species (line) of ornamental sunflower which is bred by multi-generation inbred breeding and has stable and consistent characters and is suitable for appreciation.
3. The ternary hybrid seed production method for ornamental sunflower as claimed in claim 1, wherein the original sterile line female parent must be a single-color flower sterile line which is subjected to test crossing and backcrossing for more than 5 times.
4. The ternary hybrid seed production method for ornamental sunflower seeds according to claim 1, wherein each hybrid combination has not less than 30 male parents and not less than 15 female parents.
5. The ternary hybrid seed production method for ornamental sunflower seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the male parent and the female parent of the same combination must be planted in the same net shed, and the number of rows of the male parent and the female parent is 1-3 or 2.
6. The ternary hybrid seed production method for ornamental sunflower as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein hybrid seeds harvested at each generation of hybrid combination of AxB and AxC must be sorted, heterozygote and heterozygote removed, and single plants with similar plant height, plant type, leaf type, flower type and flower color are selected to form a relatively uniform population.
7. The ternary hybrid seed production method for ornamental sunflower as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the male parent of the hybrid combination of AxB and AxC must be bagged for self-crossing and purity preservation every generation, or the male parent is initially preserved in large quantities in a low temperature warehouse and taken out year by year for use.
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 向日葵杂交制种技术;王天文等;《种子世界》;20150110(第01期);全文 * |
| 观赏向日葵品种龙赏葵1号及栽培技术;王文军等;《中国种业》;20210731(第7期);全文 * |
| 观赏向日葵新品种‘闽葵1号’的选育;吴建设等;《热带作物学报》;20121125(第11期);全文 * |
| 雄性不育系"NEWFREE"的特点及其在观赏向日葵中的利用;刘公社等;《作物学报》;20061125(第11期);全文 * |
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