CN111096136A

CN111096136A - Water chestnut harvester and harvesting method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111096136A
Application number: CN201911372208.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张铁民; 黄林
Original assignee: South China Agricultural University
Current assignee: South China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-12-27
Filing date: 2019-12-27
Publication date: 2020-05-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a water chestnut harvester and a harvesting method thereof, wherein the water chestnut harvester comprises a frame, a driving mechanism, an excavating device, a transmission device and a separation device, wherein the excavating device comprises an upper excavating shovel and a lower excavating shovel, the surface of the upper excavating shovel and the ground are obliquely arranged at an acute angle and used for shoveling the soil without fruits on the surface, and the surface of the lower excavating shovel and the ground are obliquely arranged at an acute angle and used for shoveling the soil mixture of fruits on the bottom layer; the conveying device comprises an upper layer soil conveying device used for conveying the fruit-free soil to the rear end of the water chestnut harvester and a lower layer fruit soil conveying device used for conveying the fruit soil mixture to the separating device; the separating device comprises a first belt transmission separating device and a second belt transmission separating device which are arranged up and down, and fruit and soil mixture passes through the separating device to realize fruit and soil separation. The invention has the advantages of good separation effect and high efficiency through the mutual matching of the digging device, the transmission device and the separation device.

Description

Water chestnut harvester and harvesting method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop harvesting, in particular to a water chestnut harvester and a harvesting method thereof.

Background

The water chestnut as a food has sweet meat flavor and rich nutrition, and is popular with people. However, the water chestnut is hard and brittle in skin, and is usually seriously damaged by adopting common mechanical harvesting, so the prior water chestnut harvesting mainly depends on manual operation. The labor intensity of manual harvesting operation is high, the working environment is severe, time and labor are wasted, a large number of water chestnuts are lost, the living standard of people is improved along with social development, fewer people willing to harvest are needed, and the harvesting cost is higher and higher.

The water chestnut grows in the sticky field soil, and because the soil contains more moisture in the season of harvesting, when the water chestnut is harvested, the frictional resistance between the mechanism and the soil is very large, and the water chestnut is difficult to drop from the soil in the separation process, so the design of the water chestnut harvester which can enable the water chestnut to be more easily dug and separated from the soil has important research significance and practical value.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the water chestnut harvester and the harvesting method thereof, which have the advantages of good separation effect and high efficiency.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a water chestnut harvester comprises a frame, a driving mechanism, an excavating device, a transmission device and a separation device, wherein the excavating device comprises an upper excavating shovel and a lower excavating shovel, the shovel surface of the upper excavating shovel and the ground are obliquely arranged at an acute angle and used for shoveling soil without fruits on the surface, and the shovel surface of the lower excavating shovel and the ground are obliquely arranged at an acute angle and used for shoveling a mixture of fruits and soil on the bottom layer; the conveying device comprises an upper layer soil conveying device used for conveying the fruit-free soil to the rear end of the water chestnut harvester and a lower layer fruit soil conveying device used for conveying the fruit soil mixture to the separating device; the separating device comprises a first belt transmission separating device and a second belt transmission separating device which are arranged up and down, and fruit and soil mixture passes through the separating device to realize fruit and soil separation. The invention greatly improves the harvesting efficiency of the water chestnut harvester by the mutual matching of the digging device, the transmission device and the separating device.

Preferably, the upper and lower digging shovels each include a tine and a face, the tine of the upper digging shovel being shorter than the tine of the lower digging shovel, and the two tine planes remaining substantially parallel. Thereby reducing the resistance of the upper digging shovel and being convenient for quickly conveying the above fruitless soil to the rear.

Preferably, two sides of the shovel surfaces of the upper digging shovel and the lower digging shovel are provided with mud guards, and the tail parts of the shovel surfaces are provided with rotatable mud scraping sheets.

Furthermore, the shovel teeth of the upper digging shovel are 15-25cm above the shovel teeth of the lower digging shovel, and protrusions are distributed on the shovel teeth, so that the resistance of loosening the soil is reduced; the angle of inclination of the upper digging shovel surface to the horizontal plane is about 45 degrees and the angle of inclination of the lower digging shovel surface to the horizontal plane is about 30 degrees.

Preferably, upper earth transmission device installs at last digger blade's rear, and upper earth transmission device includes conveyer belt, cylinder, rotation axis and supporting roll, and the cylinder is equallyd divide with the supporting roll and is do not fixed on the rotation axis, and the belt pulley is installed to rotation axis one side, and the belt pulley drives the cylinder and supports the cylinder rotation through the power that is provided by power input device, and then drives the conveyer belt rotation. The conveyer belt continuously moves backwards to convey soil to the tail part of the harvester.

Preferably, the lower layer fruit soil conveying device comprises a chain wheel, a chain, a shifting rod and a shifting tooth fixed on the shifting rod, wherein a belt pulley is arranged on a rotating shaft of the chain wheel, and the belt pulley drives the chain wheel to rotate through power provided by the power input device so as to drive the chain to rotate; two ends of each deflector rod are respectively fixed on the chains, and the distance between every two adjacent deflector rods is smaller than the minimum diameter of the horseshoe. The lower layer fruit soil conveying device can be used for separating the fruit soil mixture for the first time, and soil falling from the fruit soil mixture falls onto the ground surface from a gap between the two driving levers.

Preferably, the first belt transmission separation device is arranged behind the lower-layer fruit and soil conveying device and comprises a first convex plate, a first roller mechanism, a first separation belt and a first through hole, the first roller mechanism comprises two rollers, the two rollers are coated with the first separation belt, a roller is arranged at the center of each roller, and the two rollers are driven by a belt pulley to rotate. When the fruit soil mixture passes through the two belt-driven separating devices, the separation is realized through stirring the convex plate, and the separated soil is scattered to the ground surface through the first through hole.

Preferably, the second belt transmission separation device is arranged right above the first belt transmission separation device and behind the stirring device, the second belt transmission separation device comprises a second convex plate, a second roller mechanism and a second separation belt, the second roller mechanism comprises two rollers, the second separation belt is wrapped on the two rollers, a roller is arranged at the center of each roller, and the two rollers are driven by a belt pulley to rotate.

Furthermore, the first convex plate and the second convex plate are made of elastic materials. Thereby avoiding the damage to the hoof in the rolling separation process.

Preferably, the separating device further comprises a stirring device, the stirring device is arranged above the tail end of the lower layer fruit and soil conveying device and comprises a stirring roller and a plurality of separating teeth arranged on the stirring roller. The stirring device is used for carrying out corresponding soil and fruit separation operation on the soil mixture of the water chestnut fruits transported on the lower layer soil and fruit conveying device and stirring the soil mixture to the rear belt transmission separation device.

Furthermore, the stirring device is evenly distributed with a plurality of rows of separating tooth structures along the axial direction of the stirring roller, each row of separating tooth structures comprises 3 separating teeth, each separating tooth is in a hook shape, one end of each separating tooth is fixed on the roller, the other end of each separating tooth is suspended, and the roller is driven to rotate by the belt pulley.

Preferably, the separating device comprises a vibrating screen and an eccentric wheel, the eccentric wheel is arranged behind the first belt transmission separating device, the vibrating screen is a four-bar mechanism, all the bars are hinged, one end of a first connecting bar is connected with the eccentric wheel, the other end of the first connecting bar is hinged with a second connecting bar, a vibrating screen body is arranged on the second connecting bar, a plurality of screening pipes are arranged on the vibrating screen body, one end of each of a third connecting bar and a fourth connecting bar is fixed on the excavating rack, and the other end of each of the third connecting bar and the fourth connecting bar is hinged with the second connecting. The fruit soil mixture separated by the two belt-driven separating devices is conveyed to the vibrating screen body, the eccentric wheel rotates to drive the four-bar mechanism to rock, and then the vibrating screen body does reciprocating swing ceaselessly, so that the fruit soil mixture is separated again.

Furthermore, the screening pipes are uniformly welded on the vibrating screen body, and the distance between the two screening pipes is smaller than the minimum diameter of the horseshoe.

Preferably, the horseshoe harvester further comprises a rotary wheel fork mechanism, the rotary wheel fork mechanism is arranged in front of the excavating device and comprises rotary supporting wheels and a roller, the rotary supporting wheels are arranged on two sides of the roller, all the rotary supporting wheels and the roller are fixed on the same rotary shaft, a plurality of wheel forks are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotary supporting wheels, and a plurality of antifriction shovel teeth are arranged along the axial direction of the roller.

Furthermore, the rotary supporting wheel consists of a hub and wheel forks distributed in a radial shape, and protrusions with triangular cross sections are distributed on the surface of the wheel forks.

Preferably, follow the cylinder axis direction is equipped with the antifriction forming relieved tooth mechanism that the multiunit is parallel to each other, and every antifriction forming relieved tooth mechanism of group all includes a plurality of antifriction forming relieved tooth that evenly sets up along cylinder circumference, and the tooth space between each antifriction forming relieved tooth is greater than the minimum cross-section diameter of a hoof.

Furthermore, two groups of adjacent antifriction relieving teeth arranged along the circumferential direction of the roller are arranged at 90 degrees, and when the roller rotates at 90 degrees, the tail ends of the relieving teeth just cut into soil; the tail end of the antifriction shovel tooth is obliquely bent at a certain angle, and the bending direction is consistent with the rotating direction of the rotating shaft. To reduce the resistance of the fork to penetration.

Preferably, the surface of the antifriction shovel tooth is provided with a bulge with a semicircular section shape so as to realize the antifriction and soil removal effects.

Furthermore, the length of the antifriction relieving teeth is between 35 and 40 cm. The depth of the soil is deep enough, and the phenomenon of omission during the harvest of the water chestnut is avoided.

A harvesting method based on the horseshoe harvester comprises the following steps:

when harvesting is carried out, an upper digging shovel in the digging device shovels soil without fruits on the surface, and a lower digging shovel shovels soil mixture of fruits on the bottom layer; an upper layer soil conveying device in the conveying device conveys the soil without fruits to the rear end of the water chestnut harvester, and a lower layer soil conveying device conveys the mixture of fruits and soil to the separating device; the fruit and soil mixture passes through the first belt-driven separating device and the second belt-driven separating device in the separating device to separate the fruit from the soil.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. the invention can realize the digging, transporting and separating operation of the horseshoe at the same time, the shoveled non-fruit soil layer can be directly transported to the tail end of the horseshoe harvester through the upper soil transporting device, and the shoveled fruit soil mixture can be transported to the separating device of the horseshoe harvester for separation through the lower fruit soil transporting device; the combined action of the conveying device and the separating device greatly improves the efficiency of the water chestnut harvesting.

2. The invention is provided with the upper digging shovel and the lower digging shovel to construct the linkage double-shovel mechanism, can simultaneously cut off surface soil which is 15cm below the ground surface and fruit soil mixture which is 30cm below the surface soil, and greatly reduces the friction resistance between the mechanism and the soil when the mechanism harvests the water chestnut by excavating and cutting the surface soil and the fruit mixture of the soil in a layered manner, thereby improving the harvesting efficiency of the water chestnut. Meanwhile, the mechanism is simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost and convenient to install and maintain.

3. The invention also arranges the mud guards at the two sides of the shovel surface, and the rotatable mud scraping piece is arranged at the tail part of the shovel surface, so that the shoveled soil or fruit soil is stably mixed and transmitted to the rear part, and can not slide or be blocked.

4. The separating device comprises a double-layer belt transmission separating device, a stirring device, a vibrating screen and an eccentric wheel, the fruit and soil mixture is separated through continuous turning or swinging, the fruit is finally conveyed to a rear collecting box for storage, and soil leaks to the ground through gaps of various mechanisms to realize separation.

5. According to the invention, the rotary wheel fork mechanism can crush and cut the soil into blocks before the excavating device excavates, so that the friction force between the excavating device and the soil is overcome, the soil and fruit mixture is divided into small blocks for subsequent operation, and the horseshoe separation efficiency is greatly improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a rotary fork mechanism of the present embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the shovel of the present embodiment;

fig. 4 is an appearance diagram of a part of the structure of the present embodiment.

Fig. 5 is an internal schematic view of a portion of the structure shown in fig. 4.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an upper soil transfer device according to the present embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the lower fruit and soil transporting device of this embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of an agitating apparatus according to the present embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a second belt driven release mechanism of the present embodiment;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the vibrating screen of the present embodiment.

The names and sequence numbers in the figure are: an excavating machine frame 1, an upper excavating shovel 2, shovel teeth 2-1, a mud guard 2-2, shovel surfaces 2-3, mud scraping sheets 2-4, bolt holes 2-5, a lower excavating shovel 3, a lower layer fruit soil conveying device 4, a shifting tooth 4-1, a shifting rod 4-2, a chain wheel 4-3, a chain 4-4, a chain wheel rotating shaft 4-5, a stirring device 5, a second belt transmission and separation device 6, a rubber convex plate 6-1, a rolling shaft 6-2, a roller 6-3, a separation belt 6-4, a square hole 6-5, a first belt transmission and separation device 7, a vibrating screen 8, a vibrating screen body 8-1, a connecting rod 8-2, a steel pipe 8-3, an upper layer soil conveying device 9, a conveying belt 9-1, a roller 9-2, a rotating shaft 9-3 and a supporting roller 9-4, the device comprises a triangular belt 10, a rotary supporting wheel 11-1, a wheel fork 11-2, a rotary shaft 11-3, a roller 11-4 and antifriction shovel teeth 11-5.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Examples

Referring to fig. 1 to 10, the embodiment provides a water chestnut harvester, which includes a frame, a driving mechanism, a rotary wheel fork mechanism, an excavating device, a transmission device and a separation device, wherein the driving mechanism can be an existing tractor, the frame is fixed at the rear end of the tractor, the tractor drives the frame to move when operating, the rotary wheel fork mechanism, the excavating device, the transmission device and the separation device are sequentially fixed on the frame, and along with the movement of the frame, all the devices synchronously act to realize water chestnut harvesting. Since the frame and the driving mechanism are conventional means, the present invention will not be further described, focusing on the detailed description of the device for performing the functions of digging, transporting and separating.

In this embodiment, the rotating wheel fork mechanism is arranged at the foremost part of the whole frame and is used for crushing, cutting and blocking soil, so that a rear excavating device can conveniently excavate the soil. The structure of the water chestnut harvester is shown in figure 2, and the water chestnut harvester comprises two rotary supporting wheels 11-1, a roller 11-4 is arranged between the two rotary supporting wheels, the two rotary supporting wheels 11-1 and the roller 11-4 are fixed on the same rotary shaft 11-3, two ends of the rotary shaft 11-3 are connected with a frame of the water chestnut harvester, and a bearing can be arranged at the connection position. In the embodiment, 8 wheel forks 11-2 are arranged along the circumferential direction of each rotary supporting wheel 11-1, the wheel forks 11-2 are fixed with the wheel hub through welding or bolts, the cross section of each wheel fork 11-2 is triangular, the width of the top end is smaller than that of the end connected with the wheel hub, and surface bulges with triangular cross sections are distributed on the surface of each wheel fork. 4 groups of antifriction relieving teeth mechanisms which are parallel to each other are arranged along the axial direction of the roller 11-4, the intervals between each group are equal, and each group of antifriction relieving teeth mechanism comprises 4 antifriction relieving teeth 11-5 which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the roller 11-4. The antifriction shovel teeth 11-5 and the roller 11-4 are fixedly connected through welding or bolts. The antifriction shovel teeth 5 are distributed with surface bulges with semicircular cross sections, and the tooth space is larger than the minimum cross section diameter of the horseshoe. The tail end of each antifriction relieving tooth 11-5 is designed to be inclined and bent at a certain angle, the bending direction is consistent with the rotating direction of the rotating shaft 11-3, so that soil can be cut conveniently, the roller 11-4 drives the antifriction relieving teeth 11-5 to continuously rotate, and then the mixture of the water chestnut fruits and soil is cut and partitioned. The rotating shaft 11-3 is driven by a rotating motor or a hydraulic motor with a speed reducer, and when the rotating shaft 11-3 rotates, the wheel fork 11-2 and the antifriction shovel teeth 11-5 are driven to rotate, so that the function of rotary shoveling and digging soil is realized. In the operation process, the rotary supporting wheels 11-1 arranged on two sides of the roller 11-4 can continuously do rotary motion through power provided by a hydraulic motor, the distance between the two rotary supporting wheels is 400mm, the mechanism can divide the soil to be excavated into ridges in the operation process, so that the water chestnut harvester can conveniently perform ordered operation according to a certain distance and length in the operation process, the water chestnut grows in the sticky soil, the friction resistance between the mechanism and the soil is large in the harvesting process, the rotary supporting wheels 11-1 drive the wheel forks 11-2 to perform continuous rotary cutting on the soil to be excavated, the integrity of the soil is broken, the shearing force between the excavating mechanism and the soil is reduced, and the working efficiency of the excavating mechanism is improved.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in the present embodiment, the excavating device includes an excavating machine frame 1, an upper excavating blade 2, and a lower excavating blade 3. The upper digging shovel 2 and the lower digging shovel 3 are identical in structure and respectively comprise shovel teeth 2-1, a mudguard 2-2, a shovel surface 2-3 and a mud scraping piece 2-4. The tail end of a mud guard of the upper digging shovel 2 is provided with two bolt holes 2-5 which are respectively connected and fixed with a digging frame 1 of the horseshoe harvester by two bolts, the face of the upper digging shovel is inclined to the ground by about 45 degrees and is used for shoveling a soil layer which is about 15cm below the ground surface, and the shoveled soil layer is transported to the tail end of the horseshoe harvester by a surface soil transporting device arranged behind the upper digging shovel. The shovel surface of the lower digging shovel is inclined to the ground by about 30 degrees, the tail end of the fender is provided with a bolt hole, the lower digging shovel is respectively connected and fixed with the digging frame of the horseshoe harvester by two bolts, and the lower digging shovel is arranged at a position about 20cm below the upper digging shovel body. The lower digging shovel is used for shoveling off fruit soil mixture about 30cm below the ground surface, the shoveled fruit soil mixture is transported to a separating device of the horseshoe harvester through a lower layer conveying device arranged behind the lower digging shovel for soil and fruit separation, the separated soil directly leaks to the ground surface, and the rest fruits are transported to a collecting device of the harvester for storage. In this embodiment, the teeth of the upper shovel are shorter than the teeth of the lower shovel, the two teeth are kept substantially parallel, and the teeth are provided with protrusions to reduce the resistance to loosening the soil. The distances among the tooth parts of the single shovel teeth on the same digging shovel are equal, and the equal distances ensure that the antifriction shovel teeth of the rotary wheel fork mechanism arranged in front can smoothly cross and stagger and pass through gaps of all the tooth parts on the digging shovel. The tail ends of the upper digging shovel and the lower digging shovel are respectively provided with a movable mud scraping piece 2-4, and the mud scraping pieces are used for scraping off soil adhered to the conveying device in the process of conveying the soil, so that the conveying device is prevented from being blocked by the soil.

In this embodiment, the mud guards 2-2 function to prevent soil or fruit soil mixture from sliding off the face of the shovel during upward transport. And the mud guards on the two sides of the upper digging shovel and the lower digging shovel are provided with coaxial round holes, one ends of the two supporting rods are fixedly connected with the digging shovel by bolts, and the other ends of the supporting rods are fixedly connected with the digging rack of the water chestnut harvester by bolts.

Referring to fig. 1 and 4-7, in the embodiment, the conveying device includes an upper soil conveying device 9 and a lower soil conveying device 4, and two sides of the frame are provided with baffles, and the conveying devices are fixed in the two baffles.

Referring to fig. 6, an upper soil transmission device 9 is arranged behind a digging shovel 2 on a water chestnut harvester, the upper soil transmission device 9 is composed of a conveying belt 9-1, a roller 9-2, a rotating shaft 9-3 and a supporting roller 9-4, the roller 9-2 and the supporting roller 9-4 are respectively fixed on the rotating shaft 9-3, one side of the rotating shaft 9-3 is provided with a belt pulley, and the belt pulley drives the roller 9-2 and the supporting roller 9-4 to rotate through power provided by a power input device so as to drive the conveying belt 9-1 to rotate. The conveyer belt 9-1 moves backwards continuously to convey the surface layer fruitless soil shoveled by the upper digging shovel to the tail part of the harvester.

Referring to fig. 7, the lower layer fruit and soil conveying device is arranged behind a lower digging shovel of the water chestnut harvester and comprises a shifting tooth 4-1, a shifting rod 4-2, a chain wheel 4-3, a chain 4-4 and a chain wheel rotating shaft 4-5, wherein the shifting tooth 4-1 is welded on the shifting rod 4-2, the chain wheel rotating shaft 4-5 is provided with a belt pulley, and the belt pulley drives the chain wheel 4-3 to rotate through power provided by a power input device so as to drive the chain 4-4 to rotate; two ends of the deflector rod 4-2 are respectively welded on the chain 4-4, and the distance between two adjacent deflector rods is smaller than the minimum diameter of the horseshoe. The lower layer fruit soil transmission device is mainly used for transporting a fruit soil mixture shoveled by the lower digging shovel to a separation device of the water chestnut harvester to separate water chestnut fruits from soil, the lower layer fruit soil transmission device can separate the fruit soil mixture for the first time, and the soil falling off from the fruit soil mixture leaks to the ground surface from a gap between the two shift levers.

Referring to fig. 1, 4 and 5, the separating device in the embodiment is arranged behind the lower fruit and soil conveying device and is also fixed in the baffle plates at two sides of the frame. A plurality of fixed shafts are arranged on the outer side of the baffle, belt pulleys are mounted on the fixed shafts, and all parts inside the belt pulleys can be driven to move through the belt. The separating apparatus comprises a stirring apparatus 5, a first belt driven separating apparatus 7, a second belt driven separating apparatus 6, a vibrating screen 8 and an eccentric.

Referring to fig. 8, agitating unit 5 installs in the top of lower floor's fruit soil transmission device tail end, is provided with the separation tooth that the distance equals on agitating unit's the cylinder, and every separation tooth becomes collude the form, and one end is fixed on the cylinder, and the other end is unsettled, and the belt pulley is installed to one side of cylinder, and power drive that provides through the belt rotates it, and the forward rotation that agitating unit does not stop can carry out corresponding earth fruit separation operation to the horse hoof fruit earth mixture of transporting on lower floor's fruit soil transmission device.

Referring to fig. 9, the first belt-driven separating device and the second belt-driven separating device 6 in the present embodiment are both shown in the drawings. The first belt transmission separation device is arranged behind the lower layer fruit soil conveying device. The first belt transmission separating device comprises a first convex plate, a first roller mechanism, a first separating belt and a first through hole, the first roller mechanism comprises two rollers, the two rollers are coated with the first separating belt, a roller is arranged at the center of each roller, and the two rollers are driven by a belt pulley to rotate. The second belt transmission separation device is arranged right above the first belt transmission separation device and behind the stirring device, the second belt transmission separation device comprises a second convex plate 6-1, a second roller mechanism and a second separation belt 6-4, the second roller mechanism comprises two rollers 6-3, the second separation belt 6-4 is coated on the two rollers 6-3, a roller 6-2 is arranged in the center of each roller, and the two rollers are driven by a belt pulley to rotate. The rotation directions of the first belt-driven separating device and the second belt-driven separating device are opposite, when the horseshoe fruit soil mixture conveyed by the lower layer fruit soil conveying device 2 flows between the first belt-driven separating device and the second belt-driven separating device, the horseshoe fruit soil mixture can be separated again, the separated fruit and soil fruit mixture continuously flows to a subsequent operation device, and the separated soil is scattered to the ground surface through the square holes 6-5.

Referring to fig. 10, the vibrating screen 8 comprises a vibrating screen body 8-1, connecting rods and a steel pipe 8-3, the vibrating screen is installed behind the first belt transmission separation device, the vibrating screen is a four-rod mechanism, all the rods are hinged, one end of each first connecting rod is connected with the eccentric wheel, the other end of each first connecting rod is hinged with the second connecting rod, the vibrating screen body 8-1 is arranged on the second connecting rod 8-2, the steel pipe 8-3 is arranged on the vibrating screen body 8-1, one end of each of the third connecting rod and the fourth connecting rod is fixed on the frame, and the other end of each third connecting rod and the other end of each fourth connecting. The vibrating screen is continuously driven to do reciprocating swing by the continuous rotation of the eccentric wheel, the steel pipes 8-3 are uniformly welded on the vibrating screen body 8-1, the distance between the two steel pipes is smaller than the minimum diameter of the horseshoe, the fruits separated by the vibrating screen flow into a collecting box arranged at the back to be stored, and the separated soil leaks to the ground through a gap between the two steel pipes, so that the mixture of the fruit and the soil can be separated again. A receiving box is arranged behind the vibrating screen body 8-1 and is used for receiving the fruits which are successfully separated finally.

In this embodiment, the harvesting method based on the horseshoe harvester includes the steps of: when harvesting is carried out, an upper digging shovel in the digging device shovels soil without fruits on the surface, and a lower digging shovel shovels soil mixture of fruits on the bottom layer; an upper layer soil conveying device in the conveying device conveys the soil without fruits to the rear end of the water chestnut harvester, and a lower layer soil conveying device conveys the mixture of fruits and soil to the separating device; the fruit and soil mixture passes through the first belt-driven separating device and the second belt-driven separating device in the separating device to separate the fruit from the soil.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water chestnut harvester comprises a frame and a driving mechanism, and is characterized by further comprising a digging device, a transmission device and a separation device, wherein the digging device comprises an upper digging shovel and a lower digging shovel, the surface of the upper digging shovel and the ground are obliquely arranged at an acute angle and used for shoveling soil without fruits on the surface, and the surface of the lower digging shovel and the ground are obliquely arranged at an acute angle and used for shoveling a mixture of fruits and soil on the bottom layer; the conveying device comprises an upper layer soil conveying device used for conveying the fruit-free soil to the rear end of the water chestnut harvester and a lower layer fruit soil conveying device used for conveying the fruit soil mixture to the separating device; the separating device comprises a first belt transmission separating device and a second belt transmission separating device which are arranged up and down, and fruit and soil mixture passes through the separating device to realize fruit and soil separation.

2. The horseshoe harvester of claim 1, wherein the upper and lower digging shovels each comprise a tine and a shovel surface, the tine of the upper digging shovel being shorter than the tine of the lower digging shovel, and the two tine planes remaining substantially parallel; mud guards are arranged on two sides of the shovel surfaces of the upper digging shovel and the lower digging shovel, and a rotatable mud scraping piece is arranged at the tail of the shovel surface.

3. The horseshoe harvester of claim 1, wherein the upper soil transfer device is mounted behind the upper digging shovel, the upper soil transfer device comprises a conveyor belt, a roller, a rotating shaft and a supporting roller, the roller and the supporting roller are respectively fixed on the rotating shaft, a belt pulley is mounted on one side of the rotating shaft, and the belt pulley drives the roller and the supporting roller to rotate by power supplied by the power input device, so that the conveyor belt is driven to rotate.

4. The horseshoe harvester of claim 1, wherein the lower fruit soil conveying device comprises a chain wheel, a chain, a shifting rod and a shifting tooth fixed on the shifting rod, a belt pulley is mounted on a rotating shaft of the chain wheel, and the belt pulley drives the chain wheel to rotate by power provided by the power input device, so as to drive the chain to rotate; two ends of each deflector rod are respectively welded on the chains, and the distance between every two adjacent deflector rods is smaller than the minimum diameter of the horseshoe.

5. The horseshoe harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the first belt-driven separating device is arranged behind the lower fruit-soil conveying device, the first belt-driven separating device comprises a first protruding plate, a first roller mechanism, a first separating belt and a first through hole, the first roller mechanism comprises two rollers, the first separating belt is wrapped on the two rollers, a roller is arranged in the center of each roller, and the two rollers are driven by a belt pulley to rotate.

6. The horseshoe harvester of claim 1, wherein the second belt-driven separating device is arranged directly above the first belt-driven separating device and behind the stirring device, the second belt-driven separating device comprises a second convex plate, a second roller mechanism and a second separating belt, the second roller mechanism comprises two rollers, the second separating belt is wrapped on the two rollers, a roller is arranged in the center of each roller, and the two rollers are driven by a belt pulley to rotate.

7. The horseshoe harvester of claim 1, wherein the separating means further comprises an agitation means mounted above the trailing end of the lower soil transfer means, comprising an agitation drum and a plurality of separating tines mounted on the agitation drum;

stirring device, along stirring cylinder axis direction evenly distributed a plurality of rows of separation tooth structures, each row of separation tooth structure includes 3 separation teeth, and every separation tooth becomes the form of colluding, and one end is fixed on the cylinder, and the other end is unsettled, and the cylinder is driven by the belt pulley and is rotatory.

8. The horseshoe harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating device comprises a vibrating screen and an eccentric wheel, the eccentric wheel is arranged behind the first belt-driven separating device, the vibrating screen is a four-bar mechanism, the bars are hinged with each other, one end of a first connecting bar is connected with the eccentric wheel, the other end of the first connecting bar is hinged with a second connecting bar, a vibrating screen body is arranged on the second connecting bar, a plurality of screening pipes which are uniformly arranged are arranged on the vibrating screen body, one end of each of a third connecting bar and a fourth connecting bar is fixed on the frame, and the other end of each of the third connecting bar and the fourth connecting bar is hinged with the; the distance between the two screening tubes is less than the minimum diameter of the horseshoe.

9. The horseshoe harvester according to claim 1, further comprising a rotary wheel fork mechanism, wherein the rotary wheel fork mechanism is arranged in front of the digging device and comprises a rotary supporting wheel and a roller, the rotary supporting wheel is arranged on two sides of the roller, all the rotary supporting wheel and the roller are fixed on the same rotary shaft, a plurality of wheel forks are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotary supporting wheel, and a plurality of anti-friction shovel teeth are arranged along the axial direction of the roller;

the rotary supporting wheel consists of a hub and wheel forks distributed in a radial shape, and protrusions with triangular cross sections are distributed on the surface of the wheel forks;

follow the cylinder axis direction is equipped with the antifriction forming relieved tooth mechanism that the multiunit is parallel to each other, and every antifriction forming relieved tooth mechanism of group all includes a plurality of antifriction forming relieved tooth along the even setting of cylinder circumference, and the tooth pitch between each antifriction forming relieved tooth is greater than the minimum cross-section diameter of a hoof, is equipped with the cross sectional shape on antifriction forming relieved tooth surface and is semicircular arch.

10. A harvesting method based on the horseshoe harvester according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: