CN114651588B - Automatic double-screen Chinese yam excavating equipment and use method thereof - Google Patents
Automatic double-screen Chinese yam excavating equipment and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114651588B CN114651588B CN202210226879.6A CN202210226879A CN114651588B CN 114651588 B CN114651588 B CN 114651588B CN 202210226879 A CN202210226879 A CN 202210226879A CN 114651588 B CN114651588 B CN 114651588B
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- 235000002722 Dioscorea batatas Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 240000001811 Dioscorea oppositifolia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 235000003416 Dioscorea oppositifolia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 235000006536 Dioscorea esculenta Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000004879 dioscorea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000281702 Dioscorea villosa Species 0.000 description 64
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005903 Dioscorea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000000504 Dioscorea villosa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000234272 Dioscoreaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013402 health food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D15/00—Digging machines with sieve graters but without conveying mechanisms
- A01D15/04—Digging machines with sieve graters but without conveying mechanisms with moving or vibrating grates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
- A01D33/08—Special sorting and cleaning mechanisms
Abstract
The application discloses double-screen-body Chinese yam automatic excavating equipment and a using method thereof, wherein the double-screen-body Chinese yam automatic excavating equipment comprises an excavating frame, an excavating mechanism, a double-screen-body mechanism and a discharging mechanism, the excavating mechanism comprises an excavating shovel and a hydraulic mechanism, the double-screen-body mechanism comprises a first screen body and a second screen body, the discharging mechanism comprises a cleaning mechanism and a scraper device, and the method using the equipment is also disclosed; the equipment of the application digs soil at a specific angle and then digs soil layers downwards respectively so that the Chinese yam is easier to separate from the soil layers, the soil is upwards discharged so that the Chinese yam is directly transferred into the equipment, and the double screen bodies are arranged in the equipment to separate the Chinese yam from the attached soil.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to agricultural harvesting machinery, in particular to double-screen-body automatic Chinese yam excavating equipment and a using method thereof.
Background
The Dioscorea is Dioscorea of Dioscoreaceae, dioscorea opposita, and is perennial herbaceous vining plant. As an ancient crop used as both medicine and food, the cultivation history of over 2000 has been known, and Chinese yam is a medicine in mountain and a medicine in food. Can be made into health food, and has medicinal value for regulating diseases. The Chinese yam has very high nutritive value and huge market potential.
The yam is an underground product, has a rod-shaped rhizome and is 33-66 cm long, the traditional yam harvesting mode mainly adopts manual excavation, the harvesting is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the efficiency is low, and the yam is easy to break, so that in order to improve the yam harvesting efficiency, the development of efficient mechanical equipment for assisting and harvesting is urgently needed. The key points to be considered in the process of digging the Chinese yam by mechanical equipment are that the Chinese yam is brittle and long and is easy to break, the mechanical equipment must consider the completeness of digging the Chinese yam when digging, which is the difficult problem to be solved by the existing Chinese yam digging equipment at present, and secondly, a large number of transverse root hairs of the Chinese yam are main structures for supporting the Chinese yam to absorb in the growth stage, and the root hairs are different from the Chinese yam body, are mainly fibers and lignin and are not easy to digest by human bodies, so the root hairs are generally required to be removed in the cleaning stage.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the prior art, the application aims to provide the double-screen automatic Chinese yam excavating equipment, which is used for excavating and separating Chinese yams by arranging the excavating equipment with a special structure, so that the Chinese yams are ensured not to be directly contacted with the Chinese yams during excavation, and the problems of breakage of the Chinese yams caused by excavation and damage of the Chinese yams are avoided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme: automatic excavating equipment of two screen frame chinese yam, its characterized in that: the device comprises an excavating machine frame, an excavating mechanism, a double-screen mechanism and a discharging mechanism, wherein the excavating mechanism comprises an excavating shovel which obliquely extends out to the obliquely lower side and is movable, and a hydraulic mechanism for driving the excavating shovel; the double-screen mechanism comprises a first screen body and a second screen body, wherein the first screen body and the second screen body are arranged behind the digging shovel, the first screen body is arranged close to the digging shovel, the first screen body is arranged in a frame type and hinged and swinging mode relative to the second screen body, the second screen body is provided with a mud discharging mechanism towards the tail direction of the equipment, the mud discharging mechanism comprises a mud disc arranged below the second screen body and a mud scraping plate used for cleaning the mud disc, the second screen body is further provided with a vibrating mechanism, and one end, far away from the first screen body, of the second screen body is connected with a discharging mechanism;
the discharging mechanism comprises a cleaning mechanism and a scraper device, the scraper device comprises a conveying belt and an elastic scraper, the elastic scraper is provided with two layers in an opening-closing shape in an annular mode, the elastic scraper is provided with an elastic telescopic shaft which is radially connected to the inner wall of the scraper device, the elastic scraper is arranged in a rotating mode relative to the circumference, the conveying belt is connected with the elastic scraper, the cleaning mechanism comprises a water washing device and a drying device, the water washing device is arranged in the front and the rear of the scraper device, and the drying device is arranged at the downstream of the water washing device which is arranged at the rear of the scraper device.
Further, the excavator frame is provided with a crawler wheel, the crawler wheel is arranged below the cleaning mechanism, and the water outlet of the water washing device and the air outlet of the drying device are both opposite to the crawler wheel.
Further, the first screen body and the second screen body comprise a fixed upper screen and a lower screen which is staggered relative to the upper screen and is relatively movable.
Further, the upper screen is in a net-shaped arrangement, the lower screen is in a plurality of Chinese character 'ji' shaped structures, and the upward protrusions are opposite to the mesh openings of the upper screen.
Further, the digging shovel comprises a digging part for digging the bottom and a shovel blade part for digging the Chinese yam, wherein the digging part moves relative to the shovel blade part, the digging part is arranged below the shovel blade part for operation, and the shovel blade part can extend relative to the digging part.
Further, the washing device comprises a sediment filtering device, a flushing part and a net-thinning brush for brushing the Chinese yam, the sediment filtering device comprises a sediment filter cylinder and a filter cylinder brush, the flushing part comprises a flushing spray head and a transmission device, and the net-thinning brush is arranged in the transmission device.
The application method of the double-screen-body automatic Chinese yam excavating equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprising
Step one: a yam array planting area is determined in advance, a ditch for the digging shovel to extend into is dug in the yam planting area by an excavator, cleaning water required by a cleaning mechanism is filled in the equipment, and then an excavating machine frame is started to move to an area to be excavated;
step two: the hydraulic mechanism is started to drive the digging shovel to extend into a pre-dug ditch, the side edge of the Chinese yam is dug obliquely downwards along the bottom of the Chinese yam, the hydraulic mechanism drives the digging part and the shovel blade part to be simultaneously inserted into a soil layer, the inclination is about 40-50 degrees, and the depth is 60-80cm;
step three: after the digging shovel penetrates into a preset position, the hydraulic mechanism drives the digging part to swing downwards to scrape soil, the supporting soil layer at the bottom of the yam is dug, the shovel blade part swings upwards to drive the yam and the soil layer nearby to fall off, and the yam and the soil layer nearby fall into the first screen body along the shovel blade part;
step four: the lower screen of the first screen body is started to be continuously ejected upwards relative to the upper screen, the Chinese yam and the soil layer are continuously ejected and fall down, so that the Chinese yam and the soil layer are relatively separated and fall down through the meshes of the first screen body;
step five: the Chinese yam and part of soil layers passing through the first screen body fall into the second screen body through the swing of the first screen body, and the mud removing operation of the Chinese yam is continuously carried out under the action of the repeated first screen body matched with the vibration mechanism;
step six: the yam and a small amount of soil after passing through the second screen body fall into a cleaning mechanism of the unloading mechanism, and when the yam and the small amount of soil pass through the cleaning mechanism, the screen-thinning brush and the flushing part of the cleaning mechanism are used for carrying out sediment adhesion treatment;
step seven: the yam after the first flushing falls into a scraper device, the direction of the yam is adjusted by a conveying belt, the yam vertically moves through an elastic scraper, the root hair on the surface of the yam is cut off by the elastic scraper, and then the yam enters a cleaning mechanism for the second flushing;
step eight: the washed yam is collected by staff or carrying equipment after water control and surface drying are carried out by a drying device.
Preferably, the digging part and the shovel blade part in the third step are separated from each other, the first screen body extends out along the extending position of the digging shovel at an inclined lower angle, the swinging stroke of the shovel blade part of the digging shovel avoids the relative Chinese yam growing depth, and the shovel blade part is used for discharging soil upwards to enable Chinese yam to fall into the equipment along with the soil layer.
Preferably, the yam is moved relatively in a spiral shape along the direction of the root entering the elastic scraper, and the elastic scraper is used for scraping the root hair of the yam through an annular incision formed by the elastic scraper.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the equipment, the special structure of the excavating shovel is arranged, soil is excavated at a specific angle, soil layers are excavated downwards respectively, so that the Chinese yam is easier to separate from the soil layers, soil is discharged upwards, the Chinese yam is directly transferred into the equipment, double screen bodies are arranged in the equipment to separate the Chinese yam from the attached soil, and in addition, the functions of cleaning, shaving and water control drying are also arranged, so that the whole set of procedures of excavating, cleaning and shaving are realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the excavating equipment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a first screen structure according to the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first screen according to the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the scraper device of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional mechanism of the doctor apparatus of the application.
Reference numeral 1, excavating a frame; 11. track wheels; 2. an excavating mechanism; 21. a digging shovel; 211. digging a soil part; 212. a scraper knife part; 22. a hydraulic mechanism; 23. a guide rod; 3. a dual screen mechanism; 31. a first screen; 32. a second screen; 33. a mud discharging mechanism; 331. a mud tray; 34. a vibration mechanism; 38. a lower screen; 39. an upper screen; 4. a discharging mechanism; 41. a cleaning mechanism; 42. a scraper device; 43. a conveyor belt; 44. an elastic scraper; 45. a water washing device; 46. a drying device; 48. an elastic telescopic shaft.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present application will be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description. In addition, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without collision.
The double-screen-body Chinese yam automatic excavating equipment comprises an excavating machine frame 1, an excavating mechanism 2, a double-screen-body mechanism 3 and a discharging mechanism 4, wherein the excavating machine frame 1 is a main frame result of the application, and the excavating mechanism 2, the double-screen-body mechanism 3 and the discharging mechanism 4 are all arranged on the excavating machine frame 1 and are fixedly connected through a plurality of steel frameworks;
the excavating mechanism 2 comprises an excavating shovel 21 which obliquely extends downwards to move, the excavating shovel 21 is flexibly swung under the control of a program, the downward oblique angle can be realized from horizontal to vertical, the excavating mechanism 2 also comprises a plurality of hydraulic mechanisms 22 which drive the excavating shovel 21 to act, the hydraulic mechanisms 22 are uniformly controlled by a control device, each joint of the excavating shovel 21 is provided with a control device, the excavating shovel 21 is driven by the hydraulic mechanisms 22 to forcefully loosen soil and excavate a soil layer, the excavating shovel 21 and the hydraulic mechanisms 22 are provided with a plurality of guide rods 23, the guide rods 23 are connected to the excavating frame 1 and used for supporting the excavating mechanism 2, the guide rods 23 are positioned among the plurality of hydraulic mechanisms 22, and the control lines of the hydraulic mechanisms 22 and the hydraulic driving medium are arranged in a hollow mode to circulate;
the dual-screen mechanism 3 comprises a first screen 31 and a second screen 32 which are arranged behind the digging shovel 21, wherein the first screen 31 is arranged close to the digging shovel 21, the first screen 31 is arranged in a frame type and is hinged and swings relative to the second screen 32, the second screen 32 is arranged towards the tail direction of the equipment, the mud discharging mechanism 33 comprises a mud tray 331 arranged below the second screen 32 and a mud scraping plate for cleaning the mud tray 331, the second screen 32 is also provided with a vibration mechanism 34, one end of the second screen 32 far away from the first screen 31 is connected with a discharging mechanism 4, the dual screen is formed by the first screen 31 for carrying out first step on the Chinese yam and a soil layer, the first screen 31 is arranged in a pre-digging ditch, the driving section of the equipment is not influenced, the fallen soil is positioned in the ditch where the Chinese yam is dug, the next step is not influenced, the second screen 32 is used for conveying the mud and the mud, the second screen 32 is arranged on the second screen 331, and the mud and is required to be separated, and the mud is discharged from the second screen 331;
the discharging mechanism 4 of the application comprises a cleaning mechanism 41 and a scraper device 42, wherein the scraper device 42 comprises a conveying belt 43 and an elastic scraper 44, the elastic scraper 44 is in an open-close shape and is annularly provided with two layers, the two layers of the elastic scrapers 44 are respectively provided with an elastic telescopic shaft 48 which is radially connected with the inner wall of the scraper device 42, the two layers of the elastic scrapers 44 are oppositely and circumferentially arranged in a rotating way, the conveying belt 43 is connected with the elastic scraper 44, the cleaning mechanism 41 comprises a water washing device 45 and a drying device 46, the water washing device 45 is arranged in front of and behind the scraper device 42, the drying device 46 is arranged at the downstream of the water washing device 45 arranged behind the scraper device 42, the cleaning mechanism 41 and the scraper device 42 are mainly used for separating sand and soil and yam with root hairs on the rear surface through a mechanical vibration sieve body, the cleaning mechanism 41 of the application is provided with two steps, the first step is to brush and clean the yam directly from the second screen 32, the yam falls into the scraper device 42 after cleaning, it is worth noting that the apparatus falls into the first screen 31 from the soil, enters the second screen 32 through overturning and then cleans, especially in the double screen mechanism 3, the mode of removing the soil on the yam surface is to extend upwards from the bottom of the screen carrying the medicine without rotating the yam, therefore, the cleaning and even the head-tail orientation of the yam of the scraper device 42 are kept consistent, it is worth noting that the scraper device 42 of the application comprises a cutter shell elastically abutting against the yam surface and an elastic scraper 44 capable of shearing the yam root, the conveyor belt 43 of the application is arranged at the front end and the rear end of the elastic scraper 44, the conveyor belt 43 stretches the yam into the annular elastic scraper 44 along the length direction, the elastic scraper 44 scrapes the surface of the yam, the conveyor belt 43 arranged at the tail end withdraws the yam and sends the yam into the second cleaning mechanism 41 for cleaning, and after the yam is cleaned, the yam is collected by a rear worker or following equipment after passing through a drying channel of the drying device 46 in the drying device 46.
According to the working principle of the elastic scraper 44, the blades arranged in the circumferential direction of the elastic scraper 44 are arranged at intervals, the intervals can allow the Chinese yam roots to stretch in when the blades rotate in the circumferential direction, and the double-layer design is used for forming shearing force between the second layer and the first layer, namely, the elastic scraper 44 of the second layer moves relative to the first layer, so that when the roots enter into the spaced grooves, the elastic force abutting against the surface of the Chinese yam body is provided for the elastic scraper 44 of the two layers by the mutual dislocation of the double-layer elastic scraper 44, and the elastic force ensures that the elastic scraper 44 is attached to the surface of the Chinese yam as far as possible, and does not influence the conveying of the Chinese yam, so that the roots can be sheared, and the cleaning of the roots is realized.
Further, the crawler wheel 11 is arranged on the forehead excavating frame 1, the crawler wheel 11 is arranged below the cleaning mechanism 41, and the water outlet of the water washing device 45 and the air outlet of the drying device 46 are both arranged opposite to the crawler wheel 11.
Further, the first screen 31 and the second screen 32 of the present application comprise a fixed upper screen 39 and a lower screen 38 which is staggered relative to the upper screen 39 and moves relative to the upper screen 39, the upper screen 39 is in a net shape, the lower screen 38 is in a plurality of square structures, the upward protrusions are opposite to the meshes of the upper screen 39, the yam is positioned on the upper screen 39, the upper screen 39 is mainly used for preventing the yam from falling and sieving the soil separated from the yam, the yam is reserved for the next procedure, in addition, the lower screen 38 is provided with a driving mechanism which continuously stretches upwards, i.e. stretches out from the mesh holes of the upper screen 39 relative to the upper screen 39, when the yam is reserved on the upper screen 39, the yam is jacked by the lower screen 38, and the yam and the attached soil are further separated in the continuous jacking and falling.
Further, the digging shovel 21 comprises a digging part 211 for digging soil at the bottom and a shovel blade part 212 for digging yam, the digging part 211 moves relative to the shovel blade part 212, the digging part 211 is positioned below the shovel blade part 212, the shovel blade part 212 can extend relative to the digging part 211, compared with the prior art, the digging shovel 21 is provided with the digging part 211 and the shovel blade part 212, in actual use, the digging shovel 21 is realized in multiple steps, the digging shovel 21 is obliquely extended downwards to dig soil layers, and when the soil is worth noting, the contact part of the front end of the digging shovel 21 and the soil is about to be propped against the planting growth length range of the yam, the extended digging shovel 21 is ensured not to cut off the yam, then the digging part 211 on the digging shovel 21 swings downwards to drain the supporting soil at the bottom of the yam, and meanwhile, the shovel blade part 212 swings upwards, and the soil which is dug down from the bottom is lifted from the bottom to be dug is split and is carried by the first sieve 31 to accept the yam included in the soil layer.
Further, washing device 45 includes silt filter equipment, washing portion and is used for brushing the sparse net brush of yam, silt filter equipment includes silt filter cartridge and filter cartridge brush, washing portion includes washing shower nozzle and transmission device, sparse net brush sets up in transmission device, through the setting of above-mentioned mechanism, can brush and wash the yam surface for the earth that its surface adheres to is separated with the yam as far as, and based on equipment is in the field, plant the district and travel, carries out water resource recovery and continues to wash through setting up silt filter equipment.
The application relates to a use method of double-screen Chinese yam automatic excavating equipment, which comprises the following steps of
Step one: the planting area of the Chinese yam array is determined in advance, a ditch for the digging shovel 21 to extend into is dug in the planting area of the Chinese yam by an excavator, cleaning water required by the cleaning mechanism 41 is filled in the equipment, and then the digging frame 1 is started to move to the area to be dug;
step two: the hydraulic mechanism 2 starts to drive the digging shovel 21 to extend into a pre-dug ditch, digs obliquely downwards along the bottom of the yam at the side edge of the yam, and drives the digging part 211 and the shovel blade part 212 to be simultaneously inserted into a soil layer, wherein the inclination is about 40-50 degrees, and the depth is 60-80cm;
step three: after the digging shovel 21 goes deep into a preset position, the hydraulic mechanism 2 drives the digging part 211 to swing downwards to scrape soil, digs the supporting soil layer at the bottom of the yam, and the shovel blade part 212 swings upwards to drive the yam and the soil layer nearby to fall off and fall into the first screen 31 along the shovel blade part 212;
step four: the lower screen 38 of the first screen 31 is started to be continuously pushed upwards relative to the upper screen 39, the Chinese yam and the soil layer are continuously pushed upwards and fall down, so that the Chinese yam and the soil layer are relatively separated and fall down through the meshes of the first screen 31;
step five: the Chinese yam and partial soil layers passing through the first screen 31 fall into the second screen 32 through the swing of the first screen 31, and the soil removal operation of the Chinese yam is continuously carried out under the action of the first screen 31 matched with the vibration mechanism 34;
step six: the yam and a small amount of soil after passing through the second screen 32 fall into the cleaning mechanism 41 of the unloading mechanism 4, and when passing through the cleaning mechanism 41, the attached sediment is treated by the net-thinning brush and the flushing part of the cleaning mechanism 41;
step seven: the yam after the first flushing falls into the scraper device 42, the direction is adjusted by the conveyer belt 43, the yam vertically moves through the elastic scraper 44, the root and the root on the surface of the yam are cut off by the elastic scraper 44, and then the yam enters the cleaning mechanism 41 for the second flushing;
step eight: the washed yam is collected by staff or carrying equipment after being subjected to water control and surface drying by the drying device 46.
Preferably, the digging part 211 and the scraper part 212 in the third step are separated from each other, the first screen 31 is extended obliquely downwards along the extending position of the digging shovel 21, the swinging stroke of the scraper part 212 of the digging shovel 21 avoids the relative yam growing depth, and the scraper part 212 is used for discharging the soil upwards so that the yam falls into the equipment along with the soil layer.
Preferably, the yam moves relatively in a spiral manner relative to the elastic scraper 44 along the direction that the root enters the elastic scraper 44, and the elastic scraper 44 is used for scraping the root hair of the yam through the annular incision formed by the elastic scraper 44.
According to the method, the automatic harvesting of the Chinese yam is not limited, the steps from digging, cleaning, shaving and the like are complicated and labor consumption of the Chinese yam, the automatic harvesting and the labor consumption are aimed at, the method is implemented through a set of simple equipment, the soil removal and the cleaning are immediately carried out after the digging, the problems that the Chinese yam is transported and the soil removed is recovered, the labor or semi-labor is involved, the expenditure on labor is low, and the efficiency is low are solved, and especially the conventional digging of the Chinese yam is generally carried out through the labor digging, so that the time and the labor are consumed and are not beneficial to production.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, it is intended that the present application also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. The application method of the double-screen-body automatic Chinese yam excavating equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the excavating equipment comprises an excavating frame (1), an excavating mechanism (2), a double-screen mechanism (3) and a discharging mechanism (4), wherein the excavating mechanism (2) comprises an excavating shovel (21) which obliquely extends out and moves obliquely downwards, a hydraulic mechanism (22) for driving the excavating shovel (21), the excavating shovel (21) and the hydraulic mechanism (22) are provided with a plurality of guide rods (23), and the guide rods (23) are connected to the excavating frame (1) and used for supporting the excavating mechanism (2); the double-screen mechanism (3) comprises a first screen body and a second screen body, wherein the first screen body and the second screen body are arranged behind the digging shovel (21), the first screen body is arranged close to the digging shovel (21), the first screen body is arranged in a frame type and hinged and swinging mode relative to the second screen body, a mud discharging mechanism (33) is arranged in the direction of the tail of the equipment, the mud discharging mechanism (33) comprises a mud disc (331) arranged below the second screen body and a mud scraping plate used for cleaning the mud disc (331), the second screen body is further provided with a vibrating mechanism (34), and one end, far away from the first screen body, of the second screen body is connected with a discharging mechanism (4); the discharging mechanism (4) comprises a cleaning mechanism (41) and a scraper device (42), the scraper device (42) comprises a conveying belt (43) and an elastic scraper (44), the elastic scraper (44) is in an opening-closing shape and is annularly provided with two layers, the two layers of the elastic scrapers (44) are respectively provided with an elastic telescopic shaft (48) which is radially connected to the inner wall of the scraper device (42), the two layers of the elastic scrapers (44) are oppositely and circumferentially arranged in a rotating mode, the conveying belt (43) is connected with the elastic scrapers (44), the cleaning mechanism (41) comprises a water washing device (45) and a drying device (46), the water washing device (45) is arranged in front of and behind the scraper device (42), and the drying device (46) is arranged at the downstream of the water washing device (45) which is arranged behind the scraper device (42); the digging shovel (21) comprises a digging part (211) for digging soil at the bottom and a shovel blade part (212) for digging Chinese yam, wherein the digging part (211) moves relative to the shovel blade part (212), the digging part (211) is positioned below the shovel blade part (212) for operation, and the shovel blade part (212) can extend relative to the digging part (211); the novel Chinese yam washing machine is characterized in that a crawler wheel (11) is arranged on the excavating machine frame (1), the crawler wheel (11) is arranged below a cleaning mechanism (41), a water outlet of a washing device (45) and an air outlet of a drying device (46) are opposite to the crawler wheel (11), the first screen body and the second screen body comprise a fixed upper screen (39) and a lower screen (38) which is staggered relative to the upper screen (39) and moves relatively, the upper screen (39) is in a net-shaped structure, the lower screen (38) is in a plurality of square structures, and protrudes upwards to be opposite to meshes of the upper screen (39), the washing device (45) comprises a silt filtering device, a washing part and a screen brush for brushing yams, the silt filtering device comprises a silt filtering cylinder and a filtering cylinder brush, the washing part comprises a washing nozzle and a transmission device, and the screen brush is arranged in the transmission device;
the method also comprises the following steps:
step one: a yam array planting area is determined in advance, a ditch for the digging shovel (21) to extend into is dug in the yam planting area by an excavator, cleaning water required by the cleaning mechanism (41) is filled in the equipment, and then the digging frame (1) is started to move to the area to be dug;
step two: the hydraulic mechanism (22) starts to drive the digging shovel (21) to extend into a pre-dug ditch, the side edge of the Chinese yam is dug obliquely downwards along the bottom of the Chinese yam, the hydraulic mechanism (2) drives the digging part (211) and the shovel blade part (212) to be simultaneously inserted into a soil layer, the inclination is about 40-50 degrees, and the depth is 60-80cm;
step three: after the digging shovel (21) goes deep into a preset position, the hydraulic mechanism (22) drives the digging part (211) to swing downwards to scrape soil, digs the supporting soil layer at the bottom of the Chinese yam, and the shovel blade part (212) swings upwards to drive the Chinese yam and the soil layer nearby to fall off and fall into the first screen body along the shovel blade part (212);
step four: the lower screen (38) of the first screen body is started to be continuously ejected upwards relative to the upper screen (39), the Chinese yam and the soil layer are continuously ejected and fall down, so that the Chinese yam and the soil layer are relatively separated and fall down through meshes of the first screen body;
step five: the Chinese yam and part of soil layers passing through the first screen body fall into the second screen body through the swing of the first screen body and continuously perform mud removing operation on the Chinese yam under the action of the repeated first screen body matched with the vibration mechanism (34);
step six: the yam and a small amount of soil after passing through the second screen body fall into a cleaning mechanism (41) of the unloading mechanism (4), and when passing through the cleaning mechanism (41), the screen thinning brush and the flushing part of the cleaning mechanism (41) are used for carrying out sediment adhesion treatment;
step seven: the yam after the first flushing falls into a scraper device (42), is vertically moved through an elastic scraper (44) by adjusting the azimuth through a conveying belt (43), and the root hair on the surface of the yam are cut off by the elastic scraper (44), and then enter a cleaning mechanism (41) for the second flushing;
step eight: the washed yam is collected by staff or carrying equipment after water control and surface drying are carried out by a drying device (46).
2. The method for using the double-screen Chinese yam automatic excavating equipment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the digging part (211) and the shovel blade part (212) in the third step are mutually separated, the first screen body obliquely extends downwards along the extending position of the digging shovel (21) at an angle, the swinging stroke of the shovel blade part (212) of the digging shovel (21) avoids the relative Chinese yam growing depth, and the shovel blade part (212) is used for discharging earth upwards so that Chinese yam falls into the equipment along with a soil layer.
3. The method for using the double-screen Chinese yam automatic excavating equipment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the Chinese yam is in a direction of entering the elastic scraper (44) along the root, and moves relative to the elastic scraper (44) in a spiral mode, and the elastic scraper (44) is used for scraping out the root hair of the Chinese yam through an annular incision formed by the elastic scraper (44).
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| JP2014212786A (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-11-17 | 株式会社苫米地技研工業 | Chinese yam harvester connected to tractor |
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| CN111096136A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-05 | 华南农业大学 | Water chestnut harvester and harvesting method thereof |
| CN111439423A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-07-24 | 白新全 | Iron rod chinese yam is gathered and uses mud packing apparatus |
| CN112273667A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-01-29 | 高玉国 | Chinese yam peeling apparatus |
| CN213880917U (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-08-06 | 梧州学院 | Fritillary bulb harvester |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014212786A (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-11-17 | 株式会社苫米地技研工業 | Chinese yam harvester connected to tractor |
| CN106068878A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 朱赵伟 | High-strength efficient Rhizoma Solani tuber osi processing means |
| CN111096136A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-05 | 华南农业大学 | Water chestnut harvester and harvesting method thereof |
| CN111439423A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-07-24 | 白新全 | Iron rod chinese yam is gathered and uses mud packing apparatus |
| CN112273667A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-01-29 | 高玉国 | Chinese yam peeling apparatus |
| CN213880917U (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-08-06 | 梧州学院 | Fritillary bulb harvester |
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