CN111085765B - Flat NiTi alloy electron beam welding anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device and welding method thereof - Google Patents
Flat NiTi alloy electron beam welding anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device and welding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111085765B CN111085765B CN201911376284.3A CN201911376284A CN111085765B CN 111085765 B CN111085765 B CN 111085765B CN 201911376284 A CN201911376284 A CN 201911376284A CN 111085765 B CN111085765 B CN 111085765B
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007334 memory performance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012781 shape memory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0093—Welding characterised by the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0026—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/0408—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass for holding or positioning work for planar work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
Abstract
A flat NiTi alloy electron beam welding anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device and a welding method thereof relate to the technical field of welding. The invention aims to solve the problem of a solidification line along the vertical direction formed after the conventional flat NiTi alloy electron beam welding. The anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device bottom plate recess is interior to be provided with lower floor's adiabatic ceramic plate and lower floor's cooling copper plate side by side along width direction, is provided with upper cooling copper plate and upper adiabatic ceramic plate side by side along width direction in the apron recess, and upper cooling copper plate sets up the top at lower floor's adiabatic ceramic plate, and upper adiabatic ceramic plate sets up the top at lower floor's cooling copper plate, through a plurality of fastening bolt rigid couplings between anchor clamps apron and the anchor clamps bottom plate. The welding method comprises the following steps: preprocessing a base metal to be welded; clamping a base metal to be welded; the base metal to be welded and the anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device are assembled in a vacuum chamber; welding; and (6) cooling. The invention is used for the electron beam welding of the flat NiTi alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a plate NiTi alloy electron beam welding anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device and a welding method thereof.
Background
The NiTi shape memory alloy is the material with the best shape memory performance in the current shape memory materials, and has wide application in the fields of clinical medicine and aerospace, such as artificial bones, injured bone fixing pressurizers, various intracavity stents, heart prosthesis, satellite antennas and the like. For some parts with special structures, the parts need to be connected, and welding is the most common processing method for connecting two metal parts or a plurality of metal parts into one part, so that the research on the weldability is particularly important. When the NiTi shape memory alloy is welded, liquid metal in a molten pool is spontaneously solidified to a high-energy electron beam acting position in a crystallization stage to form a solidification line along the vertical direction, and the formation of the solidification line is related to the heat dissipation condition in the welding process, so that the solidification line becomes a position with weak performance of a welding joint. The invention designs a cooling device with different heat dissipation directions aiming at a solidification line formed in the vertical direction in the welding process of the NiTi shape memory alloy, so that the solidification line can tilt at a certain angle in the vertical direction, and the regulation and control of the solidification line in the vertical direction are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of a solidification line formed in the vertical direction after the conventional flat NiTi alloy electron beam welding, and further provides a flat NiTi alloy electron beam welding anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device and a welding method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a plate NiTi alloy electron beam welding anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device comprises a clamp bottom plate, a lower layer cooling copper plate and a lower layer heat insulation ceramic plate, upper cooling copper plate, upper adiabatic ceramic plate and anchor clamps apron, the middle part of anchor clamps bottom plate up end is provided with the bottom plate recess, it has lower floor's adiabatic ceramic plate and lower floor's cooling copper plate to be provided with side by side along width direction in the bottom plate recess, the anchor clamps apron sets up directly over the anchor clamps bottom plate, the middle part of anchor clamps apron terminal surface is provided with the apron recess down, it has upper cooling copper plate and upper adiabatic ceramic plate to be provided with side by side along width direction in the apron recess, upper cooling copper plate sets up the top at lower floor's adiabatic ceramic plate, upper adiabatic ceramic plate sets up the top at lower floor's cooling copper plate, the middle part of anchor clamps apron up end is provided with the rectangle through groove on the length direction, through a plurality of fastening bolt rigid.
Furthermore, the middle parts of the front end and the rear end of the groove of the upper bottom plate of the clamp bottom plate are respectively provided with a groove.
Further, gaps are arranged between the lower-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate and the lower-layer cooling copper plate and between the upper-layer cooling copper plate and the upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate.
Further, the outer side end faces of the lower layer of heat-insulating ceramic plate and the lower layer of cooling red copper plate are close to the groove wall in the length direction of the groove of the bottom plate respectively, and the outer side end faces of the upper layer of cooling red copper plate and the upper layer of heat-insulating ceramic plate are close to the groove wall in the length direction of the groove of the cover plate respectively.
Further, the upper end faces of the lower-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate and the lower-layer cooling copper plate are polished faces, and the lower end faces of the upper-layer cooling copper plate and the upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate are polished faces.
Further, the lower floor adiabatic ceramic plate, the lower floor cooling copper plate, the upper strata cooling copper plate and the upper strata adiabatic ceramic plate are the same rectangular plate of size.
Further, lower floor's cooling copper plate and upper strata cooling copper plate are the lower floor's cooling copper plate and the upper strata cooling copper plate of C1020 red copper preparation, and lower floor's adiabatic ceramic plate and upper strata adiabatic ceramic plate are the adiabatic ceramic plate of lower floor and the adiabatic ceramic plate of upper strata of the adiabatic ceramic preparation of zirconia.
The welding method for the anisotropic heat dissipation and cooling of the flat NiTi alloy by electron beam welding comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preprocessing a base metal to be welded: pre-treating the two flat plates to-be-welded parent metals, and mechanically polishing and chemically cleaning the butt joint surfaces of the two flat plates to-be-welded parent metals and the areas 15mm away from the butt joint surfaces;
step two: clamping a base material to be welded: placing the lower layer heat-insulating ceramic plate and the lower layer cooling red copper plate in a bottom plate groove of a bottom plate of the clamp, and enabling the lower layer heat-insulating ceramic plate and the lower layer cooling red copper plate to be tightly close to two side wall surfaces of the bottom plate groove; placing the base metal to be welded on the lower-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate and the lower-layer cooling copper plate, and aligning the position to be welded with the center of the groove of the bottom plate of the clamp; after the assembly is finished, placing the upper-layer cooling copper plate and the upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate on the base metal to be welded, placing the clamp cover plate above the upper-layer cooling copper plate and the upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate, enabling the upper-layer cooling copper plate and the upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate to be placed in the cover plate groove of the clamp cover plate and to be in contact with the side wall of the cover plate groove, enabling the position to be welded of the base metal to be welded to be placed in the center of the rectangular through groove of the clamp cover plate, and fastening through fastening bolts;
step three: the base metal to be welded and the anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device are assembled in a vacuum chamber: placing the assembled anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device in a welding vacuum chamber, vacuumizing and setting a welding program for welding;
step four: welding: in the welding process, a welding gun acts on a position to be welded through the rectangular through groove, heat at one side of a base metal to be welded, which is in contact with the lower-layer heat-insulation ceramic plate and the upper-layer heat-insulation ceramic plate, is only dissipated through radiation, and the heat dissipation speed is extremely slow; the heat on one side contacting with the lower layer cooling copper plate and the upper layer cooling copper plate is quickly dissipated through the conduction of the copper, and the heat dissipation speed is extremely high; the heat dissipation directions of the base material plates to be welded on the two sides are different, so that the finally formed solidification line is not in a vertical state any more, but forms a certain inclination angle with the vertical direction, normal stress is changed into shear stress during bearing, and the strength of the joint is improved;
step five: and (3) cooling: after welding, the welding part is synchronously cooled along with the welding vacuum chamber, after the vacuum chamber is at normal temperature, the vacuum state is canceled, the hatch door of the vacuum chamber is opened, the welding part and the anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device are taken out, and welding is finished.
Further, in the second step, the misalignment of the butt joint surfaces of the two base materials to be welded is less than 0.2mm, and the gap between the butt joint surfaces is less than 0.1 mm.
Further, the welding mode in the fourth step is electron beam welding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the invention aims to regulate and control the liquid metal in a molten pool to be solidified towards the action position of high-energy electron beam in the crystallization stage to form a solidification line along the vertical direction in the welding process of a base metal 7 to be welded, so that the molten metal becomes the position with weak performance of a welding joint. Therefore, the invention designs the plate NiTi alloy electron beam welding anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device, an asymmetric anisotropic heat transfer system is formed in the welding process of a welding part through the heat insulation effect of the heat insulation ceramic and the heat conduction effect of the cooling red copper, the distribution of a welding temperature field is changed, the original solidification line along the vertical direction is inclined at a certain angle, the normal stress is changed into the shear stress during bearing, and the strength of a joint is improved.
Secondly, the welding anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device is realized by the heat insulation effect of the heat insulation ceramic and the heat conduction effect of the cooling red copper, the upper and lower surfaces of the parent metal 7 to be welded are brought into contact with the upper-layer cooled copper plate 8 and the upper-layer adiabatic ceramic plate 9 and the lower-layer adiabatic ceramic plate 6 and the lower-layer cooled copper plate 5, respectively, by using fastening bolts 13, the surfaces of the upper layer cooling red copper plate 8 and the upper layer heat insulation ceramic plate 9 which are contacted with the parent metal 7 to be welded and the lower layer heat insulation ceramic plate 6 and the lower layer cooling red copper plate 5 are in a polished state, so that the contact area between the upper layer cooling red copper plate and the parent metal 7 to be welded is larger, and meanwhile, the upper-layer cooling copper plate 8 and the upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate 9 and the lower-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate 6 and the lower-layer cooling copper plate 5 are asymmetrically distributed, the temperature field in the welding process is changed, and the solidification and crystallization direction of liquid metal is changed, so that the change of the direction of a solidification line is realized.
The invention can be used for workpieces butted by flat plates, can be used in a vacuum chamber for electron beam welding, and realizes the regulation and control effect on the direction of a joint solidification line through full-contact anisotropic heat dissipation and cooling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the overall structure of the flat NiTi alloy electron beam welding anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a structure in which the cover 10 of the jig is disposed with its lower end facing upward;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the flat NiTi alloy electron beam welding anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and is a flat panel NiTi alloy electron beam welding anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device, which comprises a clamp base plate 1, a lower layer cooling copper plate 5, a lower layer adiabatic ceramic plate 6, an upper layer cooling copper plate 8, an upper layer adiabatic ceramic plate 9 and a clamp cover plate 10, wherein a base plate groove 4 is formed in the middle of the upper end surface of the clamp base plate 1, the lower layer adiabatic ceramic plate 6 and the lower layer cooling copper plate 5 are arranged in the base plate groove 4 in parallel along the width direction, the clamp cover plate 10 is arranged right above the clamp base plate 1, a cover plate groove 14 is formed in the middle of the lower end surface of the clamp cover plate 10, the upper layer cooling copper plate 8 and the upper layer adiabatic ceramic plate 9 are arranged in parallel along the width direction in the cover plate groove 14, the upper layer cooling copper plate 8 is arranged above the lower layer adiabatic ceramic plate 6, the upper layer adiabatic ceramic plate, the middle part of the upper end face of the clamp cover plate 10 is provided with a rectangular through groove 12 along the length direction, and the clamp cover plate 10 is fixedly connected with the clamp bottom plate 1 through a plurality of fastening bolts 13.
In this embodiment, the lower cooling copper plate 5 and the upper cooling copper plate 8 are welded to each other to conduct heat, and the lower insulating ceramic plate 6 and the upper insulating ceramic plate 9 are welded to each other to block heat.
The rectangular channel 12 is designed to transmit high energy electron beams during the welding process.
The welding object applied by the device is a flat plate type base material 7 to be welded, the length l of the base material 7 to be welded can be 70-90 mm, the width w of the base material can be 50-60 mm, and the thickness h of the base material can be 2-5 mm.
The size of the device of the invention is as follows: the length, width and height ranges are L (110mm, 140mm), W (90mm, 120mm) and H (20mm, 40mm), respectively.
The manufacturing process of the clamp comprises the following steps:
manufactured by machining according to a two-dimensional drawing.
(1) The parts such as the jig body, the cooled red copper, and the heat insulating ceramics are formed by wire electric discharge machining, a lathe, and a milling machine.
(2) And the machined parts are subjected to surface grinding treatment, so that the smoothness of the surface is improved, the assembly error is reduced, and the mechanical polishing treatment is performed on the lower surface of the cooled red copper.
(3) The jig body is drilled and prepared for assembly.
(4) And (3) assembling and forming each part according to a drawing, wherein the clamp main body clamp bottom plate 1 and the clamp cover plate 10 can be adjusted and replaced according to different weldments.
The second embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment is described, in which a clamp base plate 1 is provided with a groove 3 at each of the front and rear middle portions of a base plate recess 4. Technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The grooves 3 prevent the electron beam from welding through the sample and acting on the clamp, protecting the clamp base plate 1.
The third concrete implementation mode: in the present embodiment, the gaps are provided between the lower insulating ceramic plate 6 and the lower cooling copper plate 5 and between the upper cooling copper plate 8 and the upper insulating ceramic plate 9, respectively, as described with reference to fig. 1. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment will be described, in which the outer end surfaces of the lower layer insulating ceramic plate 6 and the lower layer cooling copper plate 5 are respectively adjacent to the groove walls in the longitudinal direction of the bottom plate groove 4, and the outer end surfaces of the upper layer cooling copper plate 8 and the upper layer insulating ceramic plate 9 are respectively adjacent to the groove walls in the longitudinal direction of the lid plate groove 14. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the third embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, in which the upper end surfaces of the lower layer insulating ceramic plate 6 and the lower layer cooling copper plate 5 are both polished surfaces, and the lower end surfaces of the upper layer cooling copper plate 8 and the upper layer insulating ceramic plate 9 are both polished surfaces. The technical features not disclosed in this embodiment are the same as those of the first, second, third, or fourth embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and in the present embodiment, the lower insulating ceramic plate 6, the lower cooling copper plate 5, the upper cooling copper plate 8, and the upper insulating ceramic plate 9 are all rectangular plates having the same size. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those in the fifth embodiment.
The dimensions of the lower insulating ceramic plate 6, the lower cooled copper plate 5, the upper cooled copper plate 8 and the upper insulating ceramic plate 9 are all 100mm × 30mm × 4 mm.
The size of the clamp base plate 1 in the present embodiment is 120mm × 100mm × 5 mm; the size of the bottom plate groove 4 is 100mm multiplied by 65mm multiplied by 2mm, and the size of the groove 3 is 10mm multiplied by 5mm multiplied by 2 mm; the size of the clamp cover plate 10 is 110mm multiplied by 85mm multiplied by 4mm, the size of the cover plate groove 14 is 100mm multiplied by 65mm multiplied by 2mm, and the size of the rectangular through groove 12 is 100mm multiplied by 5mm multiplied by 2 mm.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, in which the lower-layer cooled copper plate 5 and the upper-layer cooled copper plate 8 are both a lower-layer cooled copper plate and an upper-layer cooled copper plate made of C1020 copper, and the lower-layer adiabatic ceramic plate 6 and the upper-layer adiabatic ceramic plate 9 are both a lower-layer adiabatic ceramic plate and an upper-layer adiabatic ceramic plate made of zirconia adiabatic ceramic. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the sixth embodiment.
The lower layer cooling red copper plate 5 and the upper layer cooling red copper plate 8 are made of C1020 red copper with the international trademark of C103, and the red copper material has high heat conductivity coefficient so as to realize better cooling effect.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the present embodiment is a welding method for electron beam welding anisotropic heat dissipation cooling of a flat NiTi alloy, and includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preprocessing a base metal 7 to be welded: pre-treating the two flat plates of the parent metal 7 to be welded, and mechanically polishing and chemically cleaning the butt joint surfaces of the two flat plates of the parent metal 7 to be welded and the areas 15mm away from the butt joint surfaces;
step two: clamping a base material 7 to be welded: placing the lower layer heat-insulating ceramic plate 6 and the lower layer cooling copper plate 5 in the bottom plate groove 4 of the clamp bottom plate 1, so that the lower layer heat-insulating ceramic plate 6 and the lower layer cooling copper plate 5 are tightly close to two side wall surfaces of the bottom plate groove 4; placing a base material 7 to be welded on the lower-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate 6 and the lower-layer cooling copper plate 5, and aligning the position to be welded with the center of the groove 3 of the clamp bottom plate 1; after assembly, placing the upper-layer cooling copper plate 8 and the upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate 9 on the base metal 7 to be welded, placing the clamp cover plate 10 above the upper-layer cooling copper plate 8 and the upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate 9, placing the upper-layer cooling copper plate 8 and the upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate 9 in the cover plate groove 14 of the clamp cover plate 10 and contacting with the side wall of the cover plate groove 14, placing the position to be welded of the base metal 7 to be welded at the center of the rectangular through groove 12 of the clamp cover plate 10, and fastening by using a fastening bolt 13;
step three: the base material 7 to be welded and the anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device are assembled in a vacuum chamber: placing the assembled anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device in a welding vacuum chamber, vacuumizing and setting a welding program for welding;
step four: welding: in the welding process, a welding gun acts on a position to be welded through the rectangular through groove 12, heat at one side of the base metal 7 to be welded, which is in contact with the lower heat-insulating ceramic plate 6 and the upper heat-insulating ceramic plate 9, is only dissipated through radiation, and the heat dissipation speed is extremely slow; the heat on one side contacting with the lower layer cooling copper plate 5 and the upper layer cooling copper plate 8 is quickly dissipated through the conduction of the copper, and the heat dissipation speed is extremely high; the heat dissipation directions of the flat plates of the base materials 7 to be welded on the two sides are different, so that the finally formed solidification line is not in a vertical state any more, but forms a certain inclination angle with the vertical direction, normal stress is changed into shear stress during bearing, and the strength of the joint is improved;
step five: and (3) cooling: after welding, the welding part is synchronously cooled along with the welding vacuum chamber, after the vacuum chamber is at normal temperature, the vacuum state is canceled, the hatch door of the vacuum chamber is opened, the welding part and the anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device are taken out, and welding is finished.
The specific implementation method nine: referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment is described, in which the misalignment of the abutting surfaces of the two base materials 7 to be welded is less than 0.2mm and the gap between the abutting surfaces is less than 0.1mm in the second step. The technical features not disclosed in this embodiment are the same as those in the eighth embodiment.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the welding method in step four of the present embodiment is electron beam welding. Technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those in the ninth embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. A plate NiTi alloy electron beam welding anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device is characterized in that: the plate NiTi alloy electron beam welding anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device comprises a clamp bottom plate (1), a lower-layer cooling copper plate (5), a lower-layer heat insulation ceramic plate (6), an upper-layer cooling copper plate (8), an upper-layer heat insulation ceramic plate (9) and a clamp cover plate (10), wherein a bottom plate groove (4) is formed in the middle of the upper end face of the clamp bottom plate (1), the lower-layer heat insulation ceramic plate (6) and the lower-layer cooling copper plate (5) are arranged in the bottom plate groove (4) in parallel along the width direction, the clamp cover plate (10) is arranged right above the clamp bottom plate (1), a cover plate groove (14) is formed in the middle of the lower end face of the clamp cover plate (10), an upper-layer cooling copper plate (8) and an upper-layer heat insulation ceramic plate (9) are arranged in the cover plate groove (14) in parallel along the width direction, and the, the upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate (9) is arranged above the lower-layer cooling copper plate (5), a rectangular through groove (12) is formed in the middle of the upper end face of the clamp cover plate (10) in the length direction, and the clamp cover plate (10) is fixedly connected with the clamp bottom plate (1) through a plurality of fastening bolts (13).
2. The anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device of claim 1, wherein: the middle parts of the front end and the rear end of the upper bottom plate groove (4) of the clamp bottom plate (1) are respectively provided with a groove (3).
3. The anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device of claim 2, wherein: gaps are arranged between the lower-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate (6) and the lower-layer cooling copper plate (5) and between the upper-layer cooling copper plate (8) and the upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate (9).
4. The anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device of claim 3, wherein: the outside terminal surface of lower floor's adiabatic ceramic plate (6) and lower floor's cooling copper plate (5) is close to the cell wall on bottom plate recess (4) length direction respectively, and the outside terminal surface of upper strata cooling copper plate (8) and upper adiabatic ceramic plate (9) is close to the cell wall on apron recess (14) length direction respectively.
5. The flat NiTi alloy electron beam welding anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein: the upper end faces of the lower-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate (6) and the lower-layer cooling copper plate (5) are polished faces, and the lower end faces of the upper-layer cooling copper plate (8) and the upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate (9) are polished faces.
6. The anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device of claim 5, wherein: the lower-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate (6), the lower-layer cooling copper plate (5), the upper-layer cooling copper plate (8) and the upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate (9) are rectangular plates with the same size.
7. The anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device of claim 6, wherein: lower floor's cooling copper plate (5) and upper cooling copper plate (8) are the lower floor's cooling copper plate and the upper strata cooling copper plate of C1020 copper preparation, and lower floor's adiabatic ceramic plate (6) and upper adiabatic ceramic plate (9) are the adiabatic ceramic plate of lower floor and the adiabatic ceramic plate of upper strata of the adiabatic ceramic preparation of zirconia.
8. The welding method for realizing the anisotropic heat dissipation cooling of the flat NiTi alloy in the electron beam welding by using the anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device in the flat NiTi alloy in any one of claims 2 to 7 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: preprocessing a base material (7) to be welded: pre-treating the two flat plates of the parent metal (7) to be welded, and mechanically polishing and chemically cleaning the butt joint surfaces of the two flat plates of the parent metal (7) to be welded and the areas 15mm away from the butt joint surfaces;
step two: clamping a base material (7) to be welded: placing the lower-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate (6) and the lower-layer cooling copper plate (5) in a bottom plate groove (4) of the clamp bottom plate (1) to enable the lower-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate (6) and the lower-layer cooling copper plate (5) to be tightly close to two side wall surfaces of the bottom plate groove (4); placing a base material (7) to be welded on the lower-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate (6) and the lower-layer cooling copper plate (5) to align the position to be welded with the center of the groove (3) of the clamp bottom plate (1); after assembly, an upper-layer cooling copper plate (8) and an upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate (9) are placed on a mother material (7) to be welded, a clamp cover plate (10) is placed above the upper-layer cooling copper plate (8) and the upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate (9), the upper-layer cooling copper plate (8) and the upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate (9) are placed in a cover plate groove (14) of the clamp cover plate (10) and are in contact with the side wall of the cover plate groove (14), the position to be welded of the mother material (7) to be welded is placed in the center of a rectangular through groove (12) of the clamp cover plate (10), and fastening is carried out by a fastening bolt (13);
step three: the base material (7) to be welded and the anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device are assembled in a vacuum chamber: placing the assembled anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device in a welding vacuum chamber, vacuumizing and setting a welding program for welding;
step four: welding: in the welding process, a welding gun acts on a position to be welded through the rectangular through groove (12), heat at one side of the base metal (7) to be welded, which is in contact with the lower-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate (6) and the upper-layer heat-insulating ceramic plate (9), is only dissipated through radiation, and the heat dissipation speed is extremely slow; the heat on one side contacting with the lower layer cooling copper plate (5) and the upper layer cooling copper plate (8) is quickly dissipated through the conduction of the copper, and the heat dissipation speed is extremely high; the heat dissipation directions of the flat plates of the base materials (7) to be welded on the two sides are different, so that the finally formed solidification line is not in a vertical state any more, but forms a certain inclination angle with the vertical direction, normal stress is changed into shear stress during bearing, and the strength of the joint is improved;
step five: and (3) cooling: after welding, the welding part is synchronously cooled along with the welding vacuum chamber, after the vacuum chamber is at normal temperature, the vacuum state is canceled, the hatch door of the vacuum chamber is opened, the welding part and the anisotropic heat dissipation cooling device are taken out, and welding is finished.
9. The welding method of claim 8, wherein: in the second step, the misalignment of the butt joint surfaces of the two base materials (7) to be welded is less than 0.2mm, and the gap between the butt joint surfaces is less than 0.1 mm.
10. The welding method of claim 8, wherein: the welding mode in the fourth step is electron beam welding.
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