CN116079217B - Electron beam welding joint structure and welding method for oversized-thickness workpiece - Google Patents
Electron beam welding joint structure and welding method for oversized-thickness workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN116079217B CN116079217B CN202310364100.1A CN202310364100A CN116079217B CN 116079217 B CN116079217 B CN 116079217B CN 202310364100 A CN202310364100 A CN 202310364100A CN 116079217 B CN116079217 B CN 116079217B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electron beam welding, in particular to an electron beam welding joint structure and a welding method of a workpiece with ultra-large thickness. According to the invention, through the micro-channel structure, the micro-channel structure is transversely expanded along the welding direction, a preset path is provided for the electron beam to melt the through thickness section, so that the beam energy loss of a conventional butt-joint straight-through gap is avoided, the exhaust is convenient, and the welding resistance is reduced; and meanwhile, the welding assembly gap is regulated and controlled, the beam penetration channel is increased, and the problems of collapse and fusion cutting caused by overlarge gap are avoided, so that the heat action area is increased, the welding heat efficiency is improved, the welding penetration is increased, and the process margin is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electron beam welding, in particular to an electron beam welding joint structure and a welding method of a workpiece with ultra-large thickness.
Background
With urgent demands of high-bearing and integrated manufacturing in the fields of aviation, nuclear industry, weapons, ships and the like, the bearing structure tends to be large-sized, and the effective connection thickness also spans from large thickness to ultra-large thickness, such as a titanium alloy structure with the thickness of 160mm or more and a high-strength steel structure with the thickness of 50mm or more of a large-sized airplane.
The welding application research of aviation bearing frame beam structures at home and abroad shows that the connection of the large-thickness structure by adopting the vacuum electron beam welding technology is an ideal welding method. However, the power of industrial vacuum electron beam welding equipment at home and abroad is not more than 60kW, and when welding the titanium alloy with the thickness of 100-200 mm and the high-strength steel with the thickness of 50-100 mm of an aviation large-scale aircraft structure, in order to ensure the welding forming quality, the design of a welding assembly gap is usually smaller, the problems of serious insufficient melting depth, small welding process margin and the like exist, and the one-time penetrating high-quality welding of the ultra-large-thickness structure cannot be realized. Therefore, improvement is needed for electron beam welding of aviation oversized workpieces, the welding melting depth is increased, the weld joint forming is improved, the welding quality is improved, and the welding process margin is expanded so as to meet the connection manufacturing of oversized structures.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention provides an electron beam welding joint structure and a welding method of an oversized workpiece, which solve the technical problems of serious insufficient melting depth and small welding process margin in electron beam welding of the aviation oversized workpiece.
(2) Technical proposal
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electron beam welding joint structure for an oversized workpiece, including a first welding joint and a second welding joint that are disposed opposite to each other, a welding assembly gap is disposed between the first welding joint and the second welding joint, at least one micro-channel structure is disposed between the first welding joint and the second welding joint along a penetration direction, and the micro-channel structure is disposed to extend along the welding direction.
Further, the micro-channel structure comprises a micro-channel groove and a micro-channel protrusion, wherein the micro-channel groove is arranged on the welding joint, and the micro-channel protrusion is arranged on the other welding joint corresponding to the micro-channel groove.
Further, the height of the micro-channel bulge is 0.5-1.5 mm, the width of the micro-channel bulge is 10-30 mm, the depth of the micro-channel groove is 0.5mm larger than the height of the micro-channel bulge, and the width of the micro-channel groove is 1mm larger than the width of the micro-channel bulge.
Further, the micro-channel structure comprises two groups and is respectively arranged at 1/3 and 2/3 of the penetration direction of the upper surface of the first welding joint and/or the second welding joint.
Further, forming grooves are formed in the front and/or the back of the welding positions of the first welding joint and the second welding joint, the depth of each forming groove is 2 mm-3 mm, and the width of each forming groove is 4 mm-10 mm.
Further, a thickness allowance of 5 mm-10 mm is reserved on the front face and/or the back face of the first welding joint and the second welding joint.
Further, the welding assembly gap comprises a filler strip, wherein the filler strip is arranged at the bottom of the welding assembly gap, the thickness of the filler strip is 40-70 mm, and the width of the filler strip is 30-70 mm.
Further, the welding assembly gap is 0.5 mm-1 mm.
Further, the welding assembly device further comprises an assembly plug, one or more assembly plug is/are filled in one or more positions of the welding assembly gap, the thickness of the assembly plug is 0.5 mm-1 mm, the length of the assembly plug is 20 mm-30 mm, and the width of the assembly plug is 10 mm-20 mm.
In a second aspect, there is provided an electron beam welding method of an oversized workpiece, the method comprising:
milling a welding joint of a workpiece, and processing a micro-channel structure and a forming groove;
cleaning the surface of a welded joint of a workpiece, including polishing to remove oxide skin and wiping the welded surface;
assembling the welding joints of the workpieces, and adjusting welding assembly gaps of the first welding joint and the second welding joint;
assembling the workpiece by adopting a welding fixture, performing spot welding on the workpiece by argon arc welding, and loading the workpiece into a vacuum chamber of a vacuum electron beam welding device;
performing secondary spot welding on the workpiece by adopting an electron beam, and adjusting focusing current and beam parameters to perform welding;
and (5) inflating the vacuum chamber, and taking out the workpiece.
(3) Advantageous effects
In summary, the micro-channel structure is arranged on the butt joint section of the workpiece and is transversely expanded along the welding direction, so that a preset path is provided for the electron beam to melt the through thickness section, the beam energy loss of a conventional butt joint through channel gap is avoided, the micro-channel can facilitate the exhaust, and the welding resistance is reduced; and meanwhile, the welding assembly gap is regulated and controlled, the beam penetration channel is increased, and the problems of collapse and fusion cutting caused by overlarge gap are avoided, so that the heat action area is increased, the welding heat efficiency is improved, the welding penetration is increased, and the process margin is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electron beam welded joint structure for an oversized workpiece in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a butt-joint cross-section of an electron beam welded joint construction for oversized workpieces in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an electron beam welded joint construction for oversized workpieces in accordance with further embodiments of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a first weld joint; 2. a second weld joint; 3. welding the assembly gap; 4. a microchannel structure; 5. a microchannel recess; 6. a microchannel protrusion; 7. forming a groove; 8. a filler strip; 9. and assembling a plug piece.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, substitutions and improvements in parts, components and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electron beam welding joint structure for a workpiece with an ultra-large thickness, which includes a first welding joint 1 and a second welding joint 2 that are disposed opposite to each other, a welding assembly gap 3 is disposed between the first welding joint 1 and the second welding joint 2, at least one micro-channel structure 4 is disposed between the first welding joint 1 and the second welding joint 2 along a penetration direction, and the micro-channel structure 4 is disposed extending along the welding direction. According to the invention, the micro-channel structure 4 is arranged on the butt joint section of the workpiece and is transversely expanded along the welding direction, so that a preset path is provided for the electron beam to melt the through thickness section, the beam energy loss of a conventional butt joint through channel gap is avoided, and the micro-channel can facilitate the exhaust and reduce the welding resistance; and meanwhile, the welding assembly gap 3 is regulated and controlled, the beam penetration channel is increased, and the problems of collapse and fusion cutting caused by overlarge gap are avoided, so that the heat action area is increased, the welding heat efficiency is improved, the welding penetration is increased, and the process margin is improved.
Referring to fig. 1-3, in some embodiments, the micro-channel structure 4 includes a micro-channel groove 5 and a micro-channel protrusion 6, the micro-channel groove 5 is disposed on the solder joint, and the micro-channel protrusion 6 is disposed on another solder joint corresponding to the micro-channel groove 5. The micro-channel grooves 5 and the micro-channel bulges 6 are beneficial to forming a self-assembly structure, are convenient to assemble, can better provide a preset path and a channel for electron beam melting to penetrate through the ultra-large thickness section, can easily realize gradual penetration of the electron beam through the ultra-large thickness section on the basis of thickness partition, avoid beam energy loss of a conventional butt joint channel gap, increase the heat action area of the electron beam, improve welding heat efficiency, and are beneficial to improving welding penetration. The microchannel structure 4 is not limited to the above-described form, but may be in the form of a single groove or a symmetrical groove, which are intended to be included in the claims of the present application.
In some embodiments, the height of the micro-channel protrusion 6 is 0.5-1.5 mm, the width is 10-30 mm, the depth of the micro-channel groove 5 is 0.5mm larger than the height of the micro-channel protrusion 6, the width of the micro-channel groove 5 is 1mm larger than the width of the micro-channel protrusion 6, the micro-channel structure 4 is formed by assembling the micro-channel protrusion 6 and the micro-channel groove 5, a preset path and a channel are provided for the electron beam to melt and penetrate the ultra-thick section, and simultaneously, the gas generated by welding can be discharged to two ends through the micro-channel structure 4, so that the welding resistance is reduced.
In some embodiments, the micro-channel structure 4 includes two groups, and is respectively disposed at 1/3 and 2/3 of the penetration direction of the upper surface of the first welding joint 1 and/or the second welding joint 2, so that the cross section of the workpiece with ultra-large thickness is divided into 3 areas, which is beneficial to realizing gradual penetration of the electron beam through the ultra-large thickness cross section, avoiding beam energy loss of the conventional butt-joint straight channel gap, increasing the heat action area of the electron beam, improving the welding heat efficiency, and being beneficial to improving the welding penetration. The number of micro-channel structures 4 is not limited to two groups, but one or more groups should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
In some embodiments, the front and/or the back of the welding positions of the first welding joint 1 and the second welding joint 2 are provided with forming grooves 7, the depth of each forming groove 7 is 2 mm-3 mm, and the width of each forming groove 7 is 4 mm-10 mm. For conventional vacuum electron beam welding of large-thickness materials, the front of the welding seam is excessive, the height is generally 2 mm-5 mm high, and the width is 10 mm-20 mm; and the width of the back surface of the welding seam is narrow by 1 mm-5 mm, and the rest height is 1 mm-3 mm or no rest height. The electron beam welding is in the shape of a typical nail-shaped welding seam, the welding seam of the nail head is wide, and the welding seam of the root is narrow. And the forming regulation and control of the excess height of the front and the back are considered, symmetrical forming grooves 7 are designed on the front and the back of the welding position, the forming grooves 7 are used for pre-restraining welding seam forming, so that the grooves are filled with the molten metal with the original excess height, the excess height of the front is reduced, the width of the root of the welding seam is improved, and the uniformity of the shape of the welding seam along the penetration direction is improved.
In some embodiments, a thickness allowance of 5 mm-10 mm is reserved on the front surface and/or the back surface of the first welding joint 1 and the second welding joint 2. According to analysis of welding undercut and deformation conditions of large-thickness materials, reserving thickness allowance on the front surface and the back surface of a welding joint, and designing and enveloping the thickness allowance on the front surface and the back surface of the integral structure for a structure with high requirements on easy deformation and dimensional accuracy; the structure which is not easy to deform and has low requirement on dimensional accuracy can be designed and reserved for thickness allowance only in the area of +/-100 mm on two sides of the welding position.
In some embodiments, the welding assembly gap 3 further comprises a filler strip 8, the filler strip 8 is arranged at the bottom of the welding assembly gap 3, the thickness of the filler strip 8 is 40 mm-70 mm, and the width of the filler strip 8 is 30 mm-70 mm. For ultra-thick structures, the molten metal is supported by the filler strip 8, root defects are introduced into the filler strip 8, and the welding quality is improved.
In some embodiments, the welding assembly gap 3 is 0.5mm to 1mm. For vacuum electron beam welding of large-thickness conventional workpieces, in order to ensure welding forming quality, a welding assembly gap 3 is usually designed to be smaller than 0.1mm or even not larger than 0.05mm, the assembly gap control is beneficial to improving welding forming and internal quality, but for the improvement of ultra-large-thickness structure which is not beneficial to the improvement of welding penetration, the adjustment of the welding assembly gap 3 is carried out on the basis of the design of a micro-channel structure 4, so that narrow gap regulation of 0.5-1 mm is realized, a beam penetration channel is increased, beam welding thermal efficiency is improved, and the problems of welding collapse and fusion cutting caused by overlarge gaps are avoided.
Further, the welding fixture further comprises an assembly plug 9, one or more assembly plug 9 is/are filled at one or more positions of the welding assembly gap 3, the thickness of the assembly plug 9 is 0.5 mm-1 mm, the length of the assembly plug 9 is 20 mm-30 mm, the width of the assembly plug 9 is 10 mm-20 mm, the assembly plug 9 is made of materials with the same or similar marks as the workpieces, and the filling weld joint does not affect the tissue performance. And mounting assembly plugs 9 at four corner positions between the first welding joint 1 and the second welding joint 2, ensuring uniformity of an assembly gap, measuring gaps on the front side and the back side through a plug gauge after assembly, and adjusting and assembling to ensure that the welding assembly gap 3 reaches preset 0.5 mm-1 mm.
In a second aspect, there is provided an electron beam welding method of an oversized workpiece, the method comprising:
milling the welded joint of the workpiece, and processing the micro-channel structure 4 and the forming groove 7;
cleaning the surface of a welded joint of a workpiece, including polishing to remove oxide skin and wiping the welded surface;
assembling the welding joints of the workpieces, and adjusting the welding assembly gap 3 between the first welding joint 1 and the second welding joint 2;
assembling the workpiece by adopting a welding fixture, performing spot welding on the workpiece by argon arc welding, and loading the workpiece into a vacuum chamber of a vacuum electron beam welding device;
performing secondary spot welding on a workpiece by adopting an electron beam, adjusting focusing current and beam parameters to perform welding, designing deflection scanning welding with the amplitude of 0.1 mm-0.5 mm and the frequency of 50 HZ-400 HZ, and improving welding penetration by adopting a deep focusing electron beam welding process by adopting a deflection scanning welding method with low amplitude and low frequency to realize high-quality welding of aviation ultra-large thickness material joints;
inflating the vacuum chamber and taking out the workpiece;
and cutting after welding to prepare a metallographic sample of the joint, and observing whether the penetration of the welding line reaches the standard.
Examples
Taking an ultra-large thickness titanium alloy material of a large-scale aircraft load bearing structure as an example, selecting TC4 titanium alloy with the dimensions of 300mm in length, 300mm in width and 160mm in thickness for welding, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the thickness allowance design and the thickness selection of the filler strip 8. The front and the back of the welding joint are reserved with a thickness allowance of delta' =8mm, the whole molded surface is reserved with an allowance, and the filler strip 8 is 60-mm in size, 60-mm in width and 300-mm in length.
Step 2: the welding position forming groove 7 is designed and processed. And the front and the back of the butt joint position are designed and processed to form a groove 7, and the specific dimensions are 2mm deep and 4mm wide.
Step 3: the butt section microchannel structure 4 is designed. 2 groups of micro-channel structures 4 are designed at the positions of 1/3 delta and 2/3 delta of the butt joint section from the upper surface, and the lengths of the micro-channel structures are transversely expanded by 300mm along the welding direction. The depth of the micro-channel groove 5 and the height of the micro-channel bulge 6 of the micro-channel structure 4 are respectively 1.5mm and 1mm, and the widths of the micro-channel groove 5 and the micro-channel bulge 6 are respectively 21mm and 20mm.
Step 4: and (3) designing and controlling a welding assembly gap. The plug 9 is designed and assembled by adopting pure titanium materials, and the dimensions are 0.5mm thick, 30mm long and 20m wide. Fitting plugs 9 are installed at four corner positions between the first welding joint 1 and the second welding joint 2, and the fitting is adjusted so that the welding fitting gap 3 reaches 0.5mm.
Step 5: electron beam welding. And (3) welding assembly, namely adopting a deflection scanning welding method of triangular waveforms with the amplitude of 0.2mm and the frequency of 80HZ, and realizing welding through deep focusing electron beams at the thickness position of 2/3 delta. And through metallographic test detection, 160mm titanium alloy welding is satisfied.
It should be understood that, in the present specification, each embodiment is described in an incremental manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments are all referred to each other, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments. For embodiments of the method, reference may be made to the description of parts of embodiments of the apparatus. The invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the drawings. Also, a detailed description of known method techniques is omitted here for the sake of brevity.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application and is not limited thereto. Various modifications and alterations of this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. which are within the spirit and principles of the present application are intended to be included within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The electron beam welding joint structure of the oversized workpiece is characterized by comprising a first welding joint and a second welding joint which are oppositely arranged, wherein a welding assembly gap is formed between the first welding joint and the second welding joint, at least one micro-channel structure is arranged between the first welding joint and the second welding joint along the penetration direction, the micro-channel structure comprises a micro-channel groove and a micro-channel bulge, the micro-channel groove is arranged on one welding joint, the micro-channel bulge is arranged on the other welding joint corresponding to the micro-channel groove, and the micro-channel structure extends along the welding direction to provide a preset path for electron beam to melt and penetrate through the thickness section, so that the beam energy loss of a conventional butt joint straight channel gap is avoided, and the micro-channel can facilitate air exhaust and reduce welding resistance; and meanwhile, the welding assembly gap is regulated and controlled, the beam penetration channel is increased, and the problems of collapse and fusion cutting caused by overlarge gap are avoided, so that the heat action area is increased, the welding heat efficiency is improved, the welding penetration is increased, and the process margin is improved.
2. The electron beam welded joint structure of oversized workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the height of the microchannel protrusion is 0.5-1.5 mm and the width is 10-30 mm, the depth of the microchannel groove is 0.5mm greater than the height of the microchannel protrusion, and the width of the microchannel groove is 1mm greater than the width of the microchannel protrusion.
3. An electron beam welded joint structure according to claim 1, wherein the micro-channel structure comprises two groups and is arranged at 1/3 and 2/3 of the penetration direction from the upper surface of the first and/or second welded joint, respectively.
4. The electron beam welding joint structure of an oversized workpiece according to claim 1, wherein forming grooves are formed in the front and/or the back of the welding positions of the first welding joint and the second welding joint, the depth of each forming groove is 2 mm-3 mm, and the width of each forming groove is 4 mm-10 mm.
5. The electron beam welded joint structure of oversized workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the front and/or back surfaces of the first and second welded joints are reserved with a thickness allowance of 5 mm-10 mm.
6. The electron beam welded joint structure of an oversized workpiece according to claim 1, further comprising a spacer strip arranged at the bottom of the welding assembly gap, wherein the thickness of the spacer strip is 40 mm-70 mm, and the width of the spacer strip is 30 mm-70 mm.
7. An electron beam welded joint structure for oversized workpieces as claimed in claim 1 wherein the weld assembly gap is 0.5mm to 1mm.
8. The electron beam welded joint structure of oversized workpiece according to claim 7, further comprising fitting plugs, one or more of the fitting plugs being filled in one or more of the welding fitting gaps, the fitting plugs having a thickness of 0.5mm to 1mm, a length of 20mm to 30mm, and a width of 10mm to 20mm.
9. An electron beam welding method for an oversized workpiece, characterized in that an electron beam welding joint structure for an oversized workpiece according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is employed, the method comprising:
milling a welding joint of a workpiece, and processing a micro-channel structure and a forming groove;
cleaning the surface of a welded joint of a workpiece, including polishing to remove oxide skin and wiping the welded surface;
assembling the welding joints of the workpieces, and adjusting welding assembly gaps of the first welding joint and the second welding joint;
assembling the workpiece by adopting a welding fixture, performing spot welding on the workpiece by argon arc welding, and loading the workpiece into a vacuum chamber of a vacuum electron beam welding device;
performing secondary spot welding on the workpiece by adopting an electron beam, and adjusting focusing current and beam parameters to perform welding;
and (5) inflating the vacuum chamber, and taking out the workpiece.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310364100.1A CN116079217B (en) | 2023-04-07 | 2023-04-07 | Electron beam welding joint structure and welding method for oversized-thickness workpiece |
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| CN202310364100.1A CN116079217B (en) | 2023-04-07 | 2023-04-07 | Electron beam welding joint structure and welding method for oversized-thickness workpiece |
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| CN116079217B true CN116079217B (en) | 2023-07-07 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB1114985A (en) * | 1966-05-14 | 1968-05-22 | Steigerwald Karl Heinz | A method of processing workpieces by means of energy-carrying rays |
| JPS5737435B2 (en) * | 1973-12-14 | 1982-08-10 | ||
| JPS5736083A (en) * | 1980-08-13 | 1982-02-26 | Toshiba Corp | Electron beam welding method for thick walled members |
| JPS6030591A (en) * | 1983-07-28 | 1985-02-16 | Hitachi Ltd | Electron beam welding material and electron beam welding method |
| JP5260268B2 (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2013-08-14 | 日立Ｇｅニュークリア・エナジー株式会社 | Manufacturing method of core shroud for nuclear power plant and nuclear power plant structure |
| CN110695557A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-17 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Electron beam composite narrow gap TIG welding method for titanium alloy component with ultra-large thickness |
| CN111037084B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2022-03-04 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | Welding method of niobium alloy |
| CN113182659A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-30 | 湖南天雁机械有限责任公司 | Anti-perforation electron beam welding joint positioning structure |
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