CN112658477A - Pulse double-beam laser welding method - Google Patents
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 191
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pulse double-beam laser welding method, which comprises the following steps: cleaning the surface of a region to be welded of a stainless steel workpiece to be welded; assembling, clamping and fixing the stainless steel workpiece to be welded, wherein the assembly gap of a welding joint of the stainless steel workpiece to be welded is less than 0.1mm, and the misalignment of a butt joint is less than a preset value; adopting pulse double-beam laser to perform positioning welding on a welding head according to preset laser welding parameters; and adopting pulse double-beam laser to weld the joint to be welded. The pulse double-beam laser welding method disclosed by the invention can realize high deformation precision control and high-quality welding of the thin-wall weak-rigidity stainless steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to pulse double-beam laser welding.
Background
The integration, light weight and low-cost manufacture of thin-wall rigid structures are required to be realized for some aerospace products, and higher requirements are put on the assembly efficiency and the dimensional precision of structural members. Compared with other welding modes, the laser welding has the advantages of high energy density, large depth-to-width ratio, small heat affected zone range, high welding speed and attractive weld forming, and becomes an important welding method for realizing the welding of thin-wall weak-rigidity structural members in the field of aerospace at present.
The laser welding is divided into two modes of thermal conduction welding and deep fusion welding, wherein the power density range suitable for the thermal conduction welding is 105-106W/cm2Its penetration depth is shallow; the power density range suitable for laser deep fusion welding is 106-107W/cm2Its penetration is deep. In order to weld through a stainless steel plate having a thickness of about 1mm, a deep fusion welding method is required, and the average line input energy of laser welding is high. Stainless steel has a small heat conductivity coefficient and a large deformation control difficulty. In addition, the thin-wall weak-steel structure increases the difficulty in controlling the dimensional accuracy in the forming processes of machining, metal plates and the like, possibly has certain influence on welding assembly, and influences the subsequent welding quality and the dimensional accuracy of the whole part.
The laser deep fusion welding is essentially characterized in that a 'pinhole effect' exists, laser beams are radiated to the deep layer of a material through pinholes, energy is transmitted and converted in the pinholes, and deep and narrow welding seams are obtained. However, the problem of the small-hole type air hole exists no matter the thick plate high-power laser welding or the thin plate low-power laser welding (the penetration depth is between 1.0mm and 3mm, and the maximum laser power is about 2 kW), as long as the small hole does not penetrate through the workpiece, for example, the workpiece is welded through only by a molten pool at the bottom of the small hole. However, in the welding quality requirements of some aerospace products, the diameter and the number of the air holes are strictly required.
Therefore, at present, technical personnel in the field are urgently needed to provide a novel stainless steel laser welding mode, so that the welding assembly adaptability and welding deformation control of the thin-wall weak rigid structure laser welding and the welding defects such as small-hole type air holes and the like which are easy to occur are effectively overcome, and the high deformation precision control and the high welding internal quality of the thin-wall weak rigid structure are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a stainless steel pulse double-beam laser welding method, which effectively achieves the aims of improving welding assembly adaptability, controlling welding deformation, inhibiting welding defects such as welding pores and the like, thereby realizing high deformation precision control and high welding internal quality of thin-wall weak-rigidity stainless steel.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a pulse double-beam laser welding method, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
cleaning the surface of a region to be welded of a stainless steel workpiece to be welded;
assembling, clamping and fixing the stainless steel workpieces to be welded, wherein the assembly gap between the stainless steel workpieces to be welded is smaller than 0.1mm, and the misalignment of the butt joint is smaller than a preset value;
adopting pulse double-beam laser to perform positioning welding on a welding head according to preset laser welding parameters;
and adopting pulse double-beam laser to weld the joint to be welded.
Optionally, the welding length range of the positioning welding is 10mm-20mm, and the welding distance range of the positioning welding is 30 mm-200 mm.
Optionally, the waveform of the pulse dual-beam laser is a rectangular square wave, the pulse width is 20ms, and the pulse frequency is 25 Hz.
Optionally, the laser peak power range of the rectangular square wave pulse is 800W to 1200W, and the laser base value power is half of the laser peak power.
Optionally, the defocusing amount of the tack welding is +5mm, and the welding speed is 1000 mm/min; and in the welding process, continuously introducing inert gas into the front surface of the stainless steel workpiece to be welded to isolate the welding bead from air.
Optionally, the inert gas is argon with a purity of 99.99%, or a mixed gas of argon and helium.
Optionally, the thickness range of the welding area is 0.8 mm-2.0 mm.
Optionally, the joint to be welded is a nail-shaped joint or a butt joint.
Optionally, the pulsed dual-beam laser is emitted by the solid-state laser.
Optionally, the spots of the dual-beam laser are linearly arranged, and the distance between the spots is 0.6mm to 0.8 mm. The invention has the following advantages:
according to the pulse double-beam laser welding method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, on the first hand, through square wave pulse laser welding, a high heat input and low heat input periodic linear circulation mode is adopted, and the welding heat input can be effectively reduced under the condition of ensuring the penetration, so that the welding deformation is controlled to a certain degree; in the second aspect, the laser energy input mode is changed by separating a single light beam into two light beams, and the laser energy input mode is different from a keyhole shape and a molten pool flow mode in a single-light-beam laser welding process, so that the air hole tendency and the alloy element burning loss are reduced, the assembly gap and the misalignment adaptability are increased, and the internal quality of a laser welding joint is improved, thereby realizing high deformation precision control and high-quality welding of the thin-wall weak-rigidity stainless steel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a pulsed dual beam laser welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a stainless steel pulsed dual beam laser weld joint according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a square-wave pulse laser waveform;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a dual beam laser weld;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a welding sequence of the thin-wall weak-rigidity part in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the attached drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a pulsed dual-beam laser welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the pulsed dual-beam laser welding method according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of:
step 101: and cleaning the surface of the area to be welded of the stainless steel workpiece to be welded.
In the actual implementation process, a steel wire brush can be used for polishing the surface of the area to be welded until the color of the body metal is exposed, and then the polished surface of the area to be welded is cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol. The stainless steel workpiece to be welded in the embodiment of the application is a thin-wall weak-rigidity structural part.
Step 102: and assembling, clamping and fixing the stainless steel workpiece to be welded.
Wherein, the assembly clearance between the stainless steel workpieces to be welded is less than 0.1 mm.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the joint to be welded may be a pin-type joint or a butt joint, wherein the butt joint has a misalignment requirement, and the preset misalignment value of the butt joint may be set to be less than fifteen percent of the thickness δ of the welding region.
In an alternative embodiment, the weld zone thickness δ ranges from 0.8mm to 2.0 mm.
Step 103: and (3) carrying out positioning welding on the welding head to be welded according to preset laser welding parameters by adopting pulse double-beam laser.
The welding length, the welding distance and the preset laser welding parameters obtained by the tack welding can be set by a person skilled in the art according to actual needs, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
In an alternative embodiment, the welding length of the positioning welding ranges from 10mm to 20mm, and the welding distance of the positioning welding ranges from 30mm to 200 mm.
In an optional embodiment, the defocusing amount of the tack welding is +5mm, and the welding speed is 1000 mm/min; and in the welding process, continuously introducing inert gas into the front surface of the stainless steel workpiece to be welded to isolate the welding bead from air. The inert gas may be argon gas having a purity of 99.99%, or a mixed gas of argon gas and helium gas. The flow rate of the inert gas can be set to 10L/min-15L/min.
Step 104: and welding the joint to be welded by adopting pulse double-beam laser.
The adopted pulse laser waveform is rectangular square wave, the spots of the double-beam laser are linearly arranged, the pulse double-beam laser can be emitted by a solid laser, and inert gas is continuously introduced into the front surface of a workpiece to be welded in the welding process to isolate the welding bead from air and implement atmosphere protection.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in the square wave pulsed laser waveform diagram of fig. 3, the pulsed dual beam laser waveform is a rectangular square wave with a pulse width of 20ms and a pulse frequency of 25 Hz. The laser peak power range of the rectangular square wave pulse is 800W-1200W, and the laser base value power is half of the laser peak power. Wherein, as the schematic diagram of the dual-beam laser welding in fig. 4, the range of the dual-beam laser spot pitch may be set to 0.6mm to 0.8 mm.
The solid laser can be any appropriate type, and can ensure that the solid laser can emit double-beam laser. For example: the solid-state laser can be Nd: YAG solid laser.
In the embodiment of the invention, through matching of welding parameters such as the laser power, the welding speed, the pulse frequency, the beam spacing and the like of square wave pulse and double-beam laser welding, in the engineering application in the aerospace field, the welding assembly adaptability of a thin-wall weak-steel structural member can be improved, the welding deformation can be inhibited, meanwhile, the welding defects such as welding air holes, splashing, burning loss of alloy elements and the like can be reduced, and the laser welding quality is improved.
When the pulse double-beam laser welding method provided by the embodiment of the invention is adopted for welding, the laser welding joint can reach the following indexes: (1) the shear resistance of the nail-shaped laser welding joint with the thickness combination of 1mm +1mm on the unit length of a single welding line is as follows: 474.5 +/-4.9 (N/mm), and the tensile strength of the butt joint with the thickness of 1mm is not lower than 90% of that of the parent metal; (2) the X-ray nondestructive detection of the pin-shaped joint with the thickness of 1mm +1mm and the butt joint with the thickness of 1mm meets the requirement of a 1-level joint specified in the QJ 20659-2016 standard; (3) the weld joint is well formed, and the whole structure is small in deformation.
According to the pulse double-beam laser welding method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, on the first hand, through square wave pulse laser welding, a high heat input and low heat input periodic linear circulation mode is adopted, and the welding heat input can be effectively reduced under the condition of ensuring the penetration, so that the welding deformation is controlled to a certain degree; in the second aspect, the laser energy input mode is changed by separating a single light beam into two light beams, and the laser energy input mode is different from a keyhole shape and a molten pool flow mode in a single-light-beam laser welding process, so that the air hole tendency and the alloy element burning loss are reduced, the assembly gap and the misalignment adaptability are increased, and the internal quality of a laser welding joint is improved, thereby realizing high deformation precision control and high-quality welding of the thin-wall weak-rigidity stainless steel.
The pulsed dual-beam laser welding method provided by the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, and it should be noted that the application scenarios of the welding method provided by the present invention are not limited to the specific scenarios listed below.
The first concrete example is as follows: the pulse double-beam laser welding method provided by the invention is adopted to carry out 302 stainless steel square wave pulse double-beam laser welding, the thickness combination of stainless steel plates is 0.8mm +1mm, the joint mode is a nail-shaped joint, and the specific welding process is as follows:
polishing the surface of a region to be welded of a 302 stainless steel workpiece until the color of the metal of the body is exposed, and then cleaning the welding surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol; and assembling the workpieces to be welded, clamping and fixing the stainless steel plate by using a fixture, and controlling the clearance of the T-shaped joint to be welded within 0.1 mm. And (3) carrying out positioning welding on the welding head to be welded by adopting square wave pulse laser, wherein the length of the positioning welding is 10-20 mm, and the distance between the positioning welding is 50-200 mm. And (3) performing formal welding after positioning welding, wherein laser welding spots are double beams, the peak power is 1000W, the base power is 500W, the pulse width is 20ms, the pulse frequency is 25Hz, the defocusing amount is +5mm, the welding speed is 1000mm/min, and the distance between the double-beam laser spots is 0.6 mm. Argon with the purity of 99.99 percent is adopted for gas protection in the welding process. The welded joint has good forming, no oxidation discoloration, no undercut, surface crack, splash and other defects, and the back of the welding seam realizes penetration. The internal quality of the X-ray detection weld joint meets the requirement of a 1-grade joint specified in the standard QJ 20659-2016.
In a second specific example, the pulse double-beam laser welding method is adopted to perform 302 stainless steel square wave pulse double-beam laser welding, the thickness of a stainless steel plate is 1mm, the joint mode is a butt joint, and the specific welding process is as follows:
polishing the surface of a region to be welded of a 302 stainless steel workpiece until the color of the metal of the body is exposed, cleaning the welding surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol, assembling the workpiece to be welded, wherein the assembling clearance is within 0.1mm, the misalignment is within 0.1mm, and clamping and fixing the stainless steel plate by using a clamp. And (3) carrying out positioning welding on the welding head to be welded by adopting square wave pulse laser, wherein the length of the positioning welding is 10-20 mm, and the distance between the positioning welding is 50-200 mm. And (3) performing formal welding after positioning welding, wherein laser welding spots are double beams, the peak power is 1000W, the base power is 500W, the pulse width is 20m, the pulse frequency is 25Hz, the welding speed is 1000mm/min, and the distance between the double-beam laser spots is 0.6 mm. Argon with the purity of 99.99 percent is adopted for gas protection in the welding process. The welded joint has good forming, no oxidation discoloration, no undercut, surface crack, splash and other defects, and the back of the welding seam realizes penetration. The internal quality of the X-ray detection welding line meets the requirement of a 1-level joint specified in the standard QJ 20659-2016, and the tensile strength is not lower than 90% of that of the base material.
In a third specific embodiment, the pulse double-beam laser welding method is adopted to perform square-wave pulse double-beam laser welding on a 302 stainless steel T-shaped joint, the thickness combination of stainless steel plates is 1mm +2mm, the joint mode is a T-shaped joint, an intermittent welding mode is adopted, each section of welding line is 20mm long, the interval between two adjacent sections of penetrating welding lines is 10mm-20mm, and the penetrating welding lines at two ends are abutted against the end parts of the lap joint sections. And (3) polishing the surface of a region to be welded of the stainless steel workpiece until the color of the metal of the body is exposed, and then cleaning the welding surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol. And assembling the workpieces to be welded, clamping and fixing the stainless steel plate by using a fixture, and controlling the clearance of the T-shaped joint to be welded within 0.1 mm. And (3) positioning welding is carried out on the tail end of the nail-shaped joint to be welded by adopting square wave pulse laser, and the length of the positioning welding is 10-20 mm. After the positioning welding, square wave pulse laser is adopted to weld a welding head, the light spot form is double light beams, the peak power is 1400W, the base value power is 700W, the pulse width is 20m, and the pulse frequency is 25 Hz. The diameter of a laser spot is 0.45mm, the defocusing amount is +5mm, the welding speed is 1000mm/min, and the distance between two laser beams and the laser spot is 0.6 mm. Argon with the purity of 99.99 percent is adopted for gas protection in the welding process. The welded joint has good forming, no oxidation discoloration, no undercut, surface crack, splash and other defects, and the back of the welding seam realizes penetration. The internal quality of the X-ray detection weld joint meets the requirement of a 1-grade joint specified in the standard QJ 20659-2016.
Fourthly, welding the 302 stainless steel structural part shown in the figure 5 by adopting the pulse double-beam laser welding method provided by the invention, wherein the-1, -2 and-3 are frames, the-4 and-5 are plates, the-6 and-7 are ribs, and the wall thickness is 1 mm. Wherein-1 and-2, -2 and-3 are butted to form a butt joint, -4 and-5 are respectively tightly attached to the-1 and-2 side walls to form a T-shaped joint, -6 and-7 are tightly attached to the inner side of-1 to form the T-shaped joint. Firstly, polishing the surface of a region to be welded of a stainless steel workpiece until the color of the metal of a body is exposed, and then cleaning the welding surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol. The sequence of welding is shown in FIG. 5, in the order a → b → c → d → e → f.
1) Respectively assembling-6 and-7 with-1, wherein the assembling clearance is within 0.1mm, clamping and fixing a workpiece to be welded by using a fixture, performing tack welding on a welding head to be welded by adopting square wave pulse laser, sequentially performing tack welding on the bottom and the side walls of two sides of-1, performing laser welding after tack welding, and adopting an intermittent welding mode, wherein each section of welding line is 20mm long, and the interval between two adjacent sections of penetrating welding lines is 10-20 mm;
2) sequentially assembling-4 and-5 with-1 and-2 respectively, wherein the assembling clearance is within 0.1mm, clamping and fixing a workpiece to be welded by using a fixture, performing tack welding on a welding head to be welded by adopting square wave pulse laser, performing laser welding after tack welding, and adopting an intermittent welding mode, wherein each section of welding line is 20mm long, and the interval between two adjacent sections of penetrating welding lines is 10mm-20 mm;
3) assembling-1 and-2 to form a butt joint, wherein the assembling clearance is within 0.1mm, the misalignment is within 0.15mm, clamping and fixing a workpiece to be welded by using a clamp, performing tack welding on the workpiece to be welded by adopting square wave pulse laser, wherein the length of the tack welding is 10-20 mm, the spacing of the tack welding is 30-40 mm, and performing laser welding after the tack welding;
4) assembling-2 and-3 to form a butt joint, wherein the assembling clearance is within 0.1mm, the misalignment is within 0.15mm, clamping and fixing the stainless steel plate by using a clamp, performing tack welding on the to-be-welded joint by adopting square wave pulse laser, wherein the length of the tack welding is 10-20 mm, the spacing of the tack welding is 30-40 mm, and performing laser welding after the tack welding.
The laser welding process parameters can refer to the first example, the second example and the third example, and argon with the purity of 99.99 percent is adopted for gas protection in the welding process. The welded joint has good formation, no oxidation discoloration, no undercut, crack, no fusion and other defects, and the back of the welding seam is completely welded. The internal quality of the X-ray detection weld joint meets the requirement of a 1-grade joint specified in the standard QJ 20659-2016. The deformation after welding is less than 0.15mm in the length direction and less than 0.1mm in the width direction of the structural member.
It should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical idea of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the details of the invention not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of those in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A method of pulsed dual beam laser welding, the method comprising:
cleaning the surface of a region to be welded of a stainless steel workpiece to be welded;
assembling, clamping and fixing the stainless steel workpieces to be welded, wherein the assembly gap between the stainless steel workpieces to be welded is smaller than 0.1mm, and the misalignment of the butt joint is smaller than a preset value;
adopting pulse double-beam laser to perform positioning welding on a welding head according to preset laser welding parameters;
and adopting pulse double-beam laser to weld the joint to be welded.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the tack weld length ranges from 10mm to 20mm and the tack weld spacing ranges from 30mm to 200 mm.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the pulsed dual beam laser waveform is a rectangular square wave with a pulse width of 20ms and a pulse frequency of 25 Hz.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the rectangular square wave pulse has a laser peak power in the range of 800W to 1200W, and the laser base power is half of the laser peak power.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the tack weld has a defocus of +5mm and a welding speed of 1000 mm/min; and in the welding process, continuously introducing inert gas into the front surface of the stainless steel workpiece to be welded to isolate the welding bead from air.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the inert gas is argon having a purity of 99.99%, or a mixed gas of argon and helium.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the weld region has a thickness in a range of 0.8mm to 2.0 mm.
8. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the joint to be welded is a pin joint or a butt joint.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the pulsed dual beam laser is emitted by the solid state laser.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the dual beam laser spots are arranged linearly with a spot pitch ranging from 0.6mm to 0.8 mm.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114147348A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-03-08 | 深圳市海目星激光智能装备股份有限公司 | Laser welding method for sealing nail |
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