CN107498177B - A kind of non-penetration laser welding method and system - Google Patents

A kind of non-penetration laser welding method and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107498177B
CN107498177B CN201711000645.5A CN201711000645A CN107498177B CN 107498177 B CN107498177 B CN 107498177B CN 201711000645 A CN201711000645 A CN 201711000645A CN 107498177 B CN107498177 B CN 107498177B
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laser
welding
laser head
base material
head
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CN107498177A (en
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张明军
谢志州
陈顺
王志军
王茂
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of non-penetration dual-beam laser welding method and system, includes the following steps: step 1, provides the first base material and the second base material of the welding that needs to splice；First base material and the second base material are vertically spliced and are clamped up and down by step 2；Step 3, provide laser welding system, laser welding system have first laser head, second laser head, first laser head, second laser head focus emission laser beam along welding direction be arranged side by side and be symmetric；Step 4, starting laser welding system, first laser head, second laser head focus the first base material surface of double laser beam inclination irradiation of formation respectively, complete welding process.Invention additionally discloses a kind of non-penetration dual-beam laser welding systems.Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has good welding effect, and simple process, control are easy, are low in cost.

Description

A kind of non-penetration laser welding method and system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser welding field more particularly to a kind of non-penetration dual-beam laser welding method be System.
Background technique
It is laser processing technology in the welding method that laser welding is a kind of high-energy-density using laser as energy carrier It answers
One of importance, laser technology are applied to greatly push the development of welding technique, laser in welding Welding can be welded, welding equipment dress since fast with speed of welding, depth is big, deformation is small under room temperature or specific condition The advantages that simple is set, is used widely in industrial circle.
Laser welding is divided into both of which: laser heat conduction welding and Laser Deep Penetration Welding.Laser heat conduction welding is similar to tungsten
Electrode argon arc welding, welding efficiency are lower.Laser Deep Penetration Welding is using high-energy density (being greater than 106 W/cm2) laser Beam is irradiated to material surface, material rapid melting, vaporization, or even forms plasma, and huge material carburation by evaporation pressure makes The liquid surface melted in material is formed " keyhole " to lower recess, also known as " aperture ", into aperture laser energy almost by It all absorbs, violent evaporation is generated in the side wall of aperture and bottom.Continuing to irradiate with laser, aperture persistently maintains, when After laser stops irradiation, the melt on aperture periphery flows back, and cooled and solidified forms weld seam.
The reinforcing rib technique for parts such as similar elevator lift-cabin wall panels is gluing at present, and process is tedious, time-consuming and laborious, is used Glue can aging after certain time limit.It is poor using joint for resistance spot welding airtightness, it is easy to influence surface quality.In certain accurate occasions, For the working environment for guaranteeing box house component, the reinforcing rib outside cabinet is all welded using non-penetration, more generally electric Arc rivet welding improves the performance of solder joint by filler wire, but pad surface has very big protrusion, and box house is easy to produce The overlap edge size of deformation, reinforcing rib and cabinet is big, not only wastes material, also adds the weight of cabinet, rather than penetration laser Welding single face-formed just can overcome the disadvantages that these disadvantages, not only can be with spot welding using laser, but also can be easily achieved and quickly connect Continuous seam weld, reaches the welding point more much higher than single Joint Strength.
Connect compared to full penetration laser welding, the variation of non-penetration laser welding welding parameters is more sensitive, welding parameter it is micro- Small variation all may cause the defects of connector generation is not merged, back is burnt.The exterior appearance of weld seam is to judge non-penetration laser An important factor for welding piece welding quality, it is desirable that there can be no slags for face of weld, or even there can be no surface discolourations.
The patent of invention of Publication No. " 104002044 B of CN " discloses a kind of non-penetration laser welding equipment and welding Method obtains welding penetration situation by the temperature of real-time capture back of weld, so that laser power is adjusted in real time, Solve the problems, such as that welding penetration accurately controls when the non-penetration of laser welds to a certain extent, but the technical solution is still deposited In following problems: the corresponding relationship of back of weld temperature and welding penetration is difficult to accurately obtain in actual production in this method, and Complex process.
The utility model patent of Publication No. " 204524558 U of CN " discloses a kind of device of non-penetration weld of laser, Workpiece to be welded is placed on the workbench with cooling water, solves the non-penetration welding of laser layer steel at present to a certain extent The temperature distortion problem on surface, but the technical solution still has the following problems: pass through 20 DEG C of cooling water cooling in this method But lower layer's steel improve limitation to the temperature distortion of lower layer's steel, and the outer surface oxidation stain incapability to lower layer's steel is Power.
The patent of invention of Publication No. " 103008884 A of CN " discloses a kind of non-method for weld-penetration welding of laser lap, It is welded, is solved outside stainless steel trolley coach steel construction to a certain extent in non-penetration face covering protection film partition air The problem of non-penetration face of dew aoxidizes, but the technical solution still has the following problems: this method is for welding process Back burns caused by the factors such as the fluctuation of middle laser parameter, which are even burnt, to be difficult to control.
Summary of the invention
A kind of method and system of non-penetration laser welding is provided in the present invention, there is good welding effect, and technique Simply, control is easy.
The present invention provides a kind of non-penetration dual-beam laser welding method, includes the following steps.
Step 1 provides the first base material and the second base material of the welding that needs to splice, the first base material and the second work base material.
First base material and the second base material are vertically spliced and are clamped up and down by step 2.
Step 3 provides laser welding system, and laser welding system has first laser head, second laser head, first laser Head, second laser head focus emission laser beam along welding direction be arranged side by side and be symmetric.
Step 4, starting laser welding system, the double laser beam that first laser head, second laser head focus formation respectively incline Welding process is completed on tiltedly the first base material surface of irradiation.
In one embodiment, in step 3, in laser welding system, the intersection point of double laser beam center line is just One work base material and the second base material splice place.
In one embodiment, in step 3, in laser welding system, double laser beam center line and the first base material surface The angle α of normal is between 20 ° -60 °.
In one embodiment, in step 3, laser welding system further include respectively with first laser head, second laser First jet, the second nozzle that head is correspondingly arranged, first jet, second nozzle are respectively aligned to first laser head, second laser head The position of welding, and first jet, second nozzle, first laser head, second laser head are each attached to together.
In one embodiment, in step 4, the molten bath that double laser beam is formed is in X shape.
In one embodiment, in step 4, double laser beam exports energy, double laser beam according to the impulse waveform of setting The impulse waveform of setting mutually staggers, so that the output of double laser beam energy rises one after another, obtains this and opens that weld keyhole closed.
The present invention also provides a kind of non-penetration dual-beam laser welding system, including first laser head, second laser head, One laser head, second laser head focus emission laser beam be arranged side by side and be symmetric along welding direction, and double laser beam Impulse waveform according to setting exports energy, and the impulse waveform of double laser beam setting mutually staggers.
In one embodiment, laser welding system further include respectively with first laser head, second laser head is corresponding sets First jet, the second nozzle set, first jet, second nozzle are respectively aligned to the position of first laser head, the welding of second laser head It sets, and first jet, second nozzle, first laser head, second laser head are fixed together by connecting plate.
In one embodiment, the intersection point of double laser beam center line splices place in the first base material and the second base material just, The angle α of double laser beam center line and the first base material surface normal is between 20 ° -60 °.
In one embodiment, the molten bath that double laser beam is formed is in X shape.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of non-penetration dual-beam laser welding method schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is welding process cross-sectional view when one energy of laser beam exports in welding method shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is welding process cross-sectional view when two energy of laser beam exports in welding method shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is one timing chart of laser beam in welding method shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is two timing chart of laser beam in welding method shown in Fig. 1.
In figure: 1. first 4. first jet of base material 2. second base material, 3. connecting plate, 5. first laser head 6. first The weldering of 10. welding direction of laser beam 7. second laser head, 8. second laser beam, 9. second nozzle, 11. fixture 12. first Connect 13. molten bath of aperture, 14. second weld keyhole.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to attached drawing 1-5 and specific embodiment.
As shown in Figs. 1-5, in the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of non-penetration dual-beam laser welding method includes the following steps.
Step 1 provides the first base material 1 and the second base material 2 of the welding that needs to splice, prepares using the method for machining It is formed.In the present embodiment, the first base material 1 and the second base material 2 with a thickness of 1mm-5mm.
Step 2 removes impurity in the first base material 1 and 2 upper and lower surface of the second base material, with welding fixture 11 by the first base material 1 and second base material 2 accurately vertically splice and clamp up and down so that the first base material 1 and the second base material 2 are tight under welding fixture clamping Closely connected conjunction, so as to greatly reduce the adjustment time of soldering cramping apparatus.
Step 3 provides laser welding system, and laser welding system has first laser head 5, second laser head 7, Yi Jifen First jet 4, the second nozzle 9 not being correspondingly arranged with first laser head 5, second laser head 7.
First laser head 5, second laser head 7 Position Design be focus emission first laser beam 6, second laser beam 8 It is arranged side by side and is symmetric along welding direction 10.The angle of double laser beam center line and base material surface normal is α, angle α It can be adjusted in the range of 20 ° -60 °.First laser head 5, the distance of second laser head 7 and angle cooperate, and make double laser beam The intersection point of center line splices place in the first base material 1 and the second base material 2 just, and the molten bath 13 that is formed of double laser beam in X shape (as schemed 2, shown in Fig. 3), obtained weld seam is wider, combines two base materials stronger.
The position that first jet 4, second nozzle 9 are respectively aligned to first laser head 5, second laser head 7 welds, and the first spray Mouth 4, second nozzle 9, first laser head 5, second laser head 7 are each attached on connecting plate.In this way, first jet 4, second nozzle 9, first laser head 5, second laser head 7 can move simultaneously, control relatively simple reliable.Certainly in other embodiments, the One nozzle 4, second nozzle 9, first laser head 5, second laser head 7 can be connected with corresponding nozzle with laser head, or even homogeneous Mutually separation.
Step 4, starting laser welding system, first laser head 5, second laser head 7 focus the double laser beam of formation respectively Inclination irradiation 1 surface of the first base material, completes welding process.The molten bath formed using symmetrical dual-beam laser welding, double laser beam It is combined into one, can cool down simultaneously, be conducive to the control of welding deformation.And weld seam is wider, keeps the connection between base material more firm Gu reliable.
Double laser beam can export energy according to the impulse waveform of setting, in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, bidifly The impulse waveform that light beam is set is the rectangular pulse that mutually staggers, so that the double laser beam energy output of symmetrical side-by-side distribution " rising one after another " (i.e. when first laser beam high-energy exports, second laser beam is in low-energy state, and vice versa), obtains The weld keyhole of " this opens that and closes " is (i.e. when the first weld keyhole 12 that first laser beam is formed runs through the first base material 1 and the second mother When material 2, the second weld keyhole 14 of the not formed weld keyhole of second laser beam or formation does not run through, and vice versa, such as Fig. 2, Fig. 3 It is shown), it splices welding process unstability when welding to overcome laser.In the present embodiment, rectangular pulse is in low electricity Usually, the low energy of laser beam output forms the energy threshold needed, therefore not formed weld keyhole lower than weld keyhole.At it In its embodiment, as needed, when rectangular pulse is in low level, the low energy of laser beam output can be higher than weld keyhole shape At the energy threshold of needs, weld keyhole is formed.Certainly, in other embodiments, it can also be set as non-rectangle as needed Impulse waveform.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of non-penetration dual-beam laser welding system, including first laser head 5, second swashs Shaven head 7, first laser head 5,7 focus emission of second laser head laser beam along welding direction be arranged side by side and be symmetric, And double laser beam exports energy according to the impulse waveform of setting, the impulse waveform of double laser beam setting mutually staggers.
Optionally, laser welding system further includes first be correspondingly arranged respectively with first laser head 5, second laser head 7 Nozzle 4, second nozzle 9, the position that first jet 4, second nozzle 9 are respectively aligned to first laser head 5, second laser head 7 welds, And first jet 4, second nozzle 9, first laser head 5, second laser head 7 are fixed together by connecting plate.
Optionally, the intersection point of double laser beam center line splices place in the first base material 1 and the second base material 2 just, double laser beam The angle α of 1 surface normal of center line and the first base material is between 20 ° -60 °.
Optionally, the molten bath that double laser beam is formed is in X shape.
The present invention uses symmetrical dual-beam laser welding, and weld keyhole is stabilized in welding process, to overcome unmelted Welding process unstability when welding thoroughly.In addition, the molten bath that double laser beam of the present invention is formed is combined into one, it can cool down, have simultaneously Conducive to the control of base material back face deformation, and weld seam is wider, keeps the connection between workpiece stronger reliable.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of non-penetration dual-beam laser welding method, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
Step 1 provides the first base material and the second base material of the welding that needs to splice；
First base material and the second base material are vertically spliced and are clamped up and down by step 2；
Step 3, provide laser welding system, laser welding system have first laser head, second laser head, first laser head, The laser beam of second laser head focus emission is arranged side by side and is symmetric, the intersection point of double laser beam center line along welding direction Just it splices place in the first base material and the second base material；
Step 4, starting laser welding system, first laser head, second laser head focus the double laser beam inclination spoke of formation respectively According to the first base material surface, double laser beam exports energy according to the impulse waveform of setting, and the impulse waveform of double laser beam setting is mutual It is staggered, so that the output of double laser beam energy rises one after another, obtains this and open that weld keyhole closed, the molten bath that double laser beam is formed is in X shape completes welding process.
2. a kind of non-penetration dual-beam laser welding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 3, laser In welding system, the angle α of double laser beam center line and the first base material surface normal is between 20 ° -60 °.
3. a kind of non-penetration dual-beam laser welding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 3, laser Welding system further includes first jet, the second nozzle being correspondingly arranged respectively with first laser head, second laser head, the first spray Mouth, second nozzle be respectively aligned to first laser head, second laser head welding position, and first jet, second nozzle, first swash Shaven head, second laser head are each attached to together.
4. a kind of non-penetration dual-beam laser welding system, which is characterized in that including first laser head, second laser head, first Laser head, second laser head focus emission laser beam along welding direction be arranged side by side and be symmetric, double laser beam center The intersection point of line splices place in the first base material and the second base material just, the angle of double laser beam center line and the first base material surface normal α is between 20 ° -60 °, and double laser beam exports energy, the impulse waveform phase of double laser beam setting according to the impulse waveform of setting It is mutually staggered so that the output of double laser beam energy rises one after another, obtains this and open that weld keyhole closed, the molten bath that double laser beam is formed In X shape, in molten bath middle position, there is also unfused matrix steels with second workpiece lower surface for the first workpiece surface.
5. a kind of non-penetration dual-beam laser welding system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: laser welding system It further include first jet, the second nozzle being correspondingly arranged respectively with first laser head, second laser head, first jet, the second spray Mouth is respectively aligned to the position of first laser head, the welding of second laser head, and first jet, second nozzle, first laser head, second Laser head is fixed together by connecting plate.
CN201711000645.5A 2017-10-24 2017-10-24 A kind of non-penetration laser welding method and system Active CN107498177B (en)

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CN108213707B (en) * 2018-01-26 2019-07-30 吉林大学 Laser Welding penetration signal real-time monitoring device and method based on supersonic guide-wave
CN112743234B (en) * 2020-12-30 2022-06-07 长沙理工大学 Method and system for welding magnesium alloy thick plate by high-power laser

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CN106064278A (en) * 2016-07-11 2016-11-02 长沙理工大学 A kind of galvanized steel plain sheet laser lap welding method based on parital vacuum atmosphere
CN107030382A (en) * 2017-05-31 2017-08-11 长沙理工大学 A kind of galvanized steel plain sheet laser splices welding method

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