CN108097957B - Preparation method of soft network segmentation and gradient component titanium/steel transition joint - Google Patents
Preparation method of soft network segmentation and gradient component titanium/steel transition joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN108097957B CN108097957B CN201810133094.8A CN201810133094A CN108097957B CN 108097957 B CN108097957 B CN 108097957B CN 201810133094 A CN201810133094 A CN 201810133094A CN 108097957 B CN108097957 B CN 108097957B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a transition joint of titanium, titanium alloy and stainless steel, in particular to a preparation method of a titanium/steel transition joint with soft network segmentation and gradient components. Powder laying and wire feeding additive manufacturing are carried out according to the structure of the soft network segmentation and gradient component titanium/steel transition joint, wherein transition materials adopted by the joint are titanium, titanium alloy and metal vanadium which can be infinitely mutually dissolved with titanium and iron, so that good transition between soft area steel and titanium can be ensured. Due to the adoption of the soft network division structure, a soft and hard structure can be generated at the joint, wherein the soft region structure is in a truncated cone shape, the circular shape has dispersed stress and crack propagation, and the soft region can inhibit the crack propagation of the hard structure, so that the transition joint can realize good transition connection of titanium and titanium alloy and stainless steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of dissimilar metal connection, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a titanium/steel transition joint based on soft network segmentation and gradient components of additive manufacturing.
Background
Titanium and alloys of titanium series have particular mechanical and metallurgical properties, such as light weight, high strength to mass ratioAlthough titanium alloys have superior mechanical and metallurgical properties, they are expensive, and structural and stainless steels have good formability and economy, and thus titanium and steel are connected as hot spots for research, however, the difference in physical properties between titanium and steel is large, for example, the difference in thermal conductivity between titanium alloy and steel is large, the difference in conduction velocity of heat during welding is large, the size of a molten pool is greatly different, and the tendency of weld defects is increased, the difference in linear expansion coefficient between steel and titanium is large, and the tendency of cracks is increased in the vicinity of a joint during welding, and further, a solid solution of Ti and Fe can form both intermetallic compounds and eutectic crystal, and Ti and Fe are dissolved in a Ti-Fe α% at room temperature, and Ti and Fe are almost dissolved in a Ti-Fe-3504% at room temperature2And when the titanium/steel welding is carried out, the content of Fe in a welding line is difficult to control within the solubility range of Ti, and the intermetallic compound is easy to form, so that the joint has great brittleness, cracks are generated under the action of welding thermal stress, and the connection cannot be realized.
At present, the research conditions of the titanium steel direct connection method pair for solving the problems are as follows:
1. chinese patent, application No. 201310027100.9, entitled "welding method of surface treated steel and titanium or titanium alloy", discloses a process for forming a titanium injection layer and a deposition layer on the surface of steel by plasma injection method and making diffusion connection between the deposition layer and titanium or titanium alloy to make titanium steel connect.
2. The invention of Chinese patent application No. 201110123247.9 entitled "diffusion welding method of titanium or titanium alloy and stainless steel" discloses a process method for cutting a plate material which is made of the same material as a welding workpiece into thin sheets and forming an intermediate layer, and then performing diffusion connection of titanium and steel.
The indirect titanium and steel joining method is to add an intermediate transition material to reduce or avoid titanium to Fe contact and thereby produce brittle intermetallics. For example:
1. journal article, a hybrid based on two keys of bonding mechanisms for Titanium alloy and stainless steel by pulsed laser welding, grandchild et al, using 1mm thick pure Nb (99.99 at%) as the transition layer, with pulsed laser welding on the TC4 side 0.2mm from the junction of TC4 and Nb. The tensile strength of the sample can reach 370MPa, and the fracture part is positioned in the reaction layer area.
2. A journal article, Lap welding of titanium sheet and mil sheet by seamwelding, realizes the connection of titanium alloy and corrosion-resistant steel by adopting a Ti-Ta-Cu-steel transition mode.
The disadvantages of the above research methods are that the process route is complicated, implementation is difficult to control and the resulting joint strength is not high or difficult to use in production practice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and realize an additive manufacturing method of a transition joint for titanium steel connection. The method can form component gradient in the joint and form a soft network segmentation structure at the joint, and can effectively control the expansion of cracks so as to improve the strength of the joint.
According to fig. 4, when cracks are generated at the contact of titanium and steel, the cracks may propagate along the X-Y plane or the positive and negative directions of Z. When the crack propagates along the X-Y plane, the crack is restricted by the circular soft area so as to terminate the crack propagation; when the crack is expanded along the Z direction, the structures on two sides of the Z direction are pure vanadium layers or steel layers, so that the crack can be restricted, and the crack at the joint can not be subjected to infinite expansion under the action of stress to break.
Therefore, the technical scheme is as follows:
a method for preparing a titanium/steel transition joint with soft network segmentation and gradient components comprises the following steps:
(1) determining that a substrate in the titanium/steel transition joint is titanium and titanium alloy or steel, a matrix in the network partition structure part adopts titanium and titanium alloy or steel, and an array type tapered soft body vertically embedded in the matrix and an additive transition layer thereof adopt pure V;
(2) preparing before material increase, polishing a titanium alloy plate used for an experiment to enable the surface roughness Ra of the titanium alloy plate to be less than or equal to 1.6 mu m, wherein the thickness of the titanium alloy substrate is 10mm, and then fixing the titanium alloy substrate at the material increase position; in addition, material for material increase, specifically pure V powder or pure V wire material, is prepared;
(3) slicing according to the size structure of a soft segmentation region of the titanium/steel transition joint with soft network segmentation and gradient components and planning a scanning or material increase path, wherein the thickness of each layer segmented by the structure is 0.1-1mm, the diameter or side length of the soft region in each layer is 5-30mm, and the numerical values of the diameter and the side length are correspondingly increased along with the increase of the number of material increase layers;
(4) performing regional material increase according to the size structure of the slices in the step (3), specifically: (1) if a powder additive manufacturing mode is adopted, firstly, an additive soft area or a titanium alloy area needs to be manufactured, and then, additive manufacturing of the other area needs to be performed until additive manufacturing of the layer is completed; (2) if wire feeding and material adding are adopted, a double wire feeding mechanism is adopted, different materials are adopted for different sections for each material adding path to perform wire feeding until the material adding of the layer is finished;
(5) repeating the step (4) until the material increase of the whole soft network partition part is completed;
(6) and (5) performing pure V additive manufacturing on the last layer, wherein the additive thickness is 0.5mm-2 mm.
Further, in the step (3), the particle size of the powder is 45-150 μm pure V powder and the wire is a pure V wire having a diameter of 0.8-2.0 mm.
Further, in the step (4), the thickness of the network partition part in the joint is in the range of 1mm-5 mm.
Further, in the step (4), the soft network dividing structure includes a circular truncated cone shape and other truncated pyramid shapes, and the circular truncated cone or the truncated pyramid is made of pure vanadium blocks, and the rest of materials are titanium and titanium alloy blocks.
Further, in the step (4), the specific shape of the network dividing structure may be a circular truncated cone shape or a near circular truncated cone shape, a cylinder, a truncated pyramid shape or a near truncated pyramid shape, a prism, or the like.
Further, in the step (4), the diameter or the distance from the geometric center to the vertex of the cross-sectional circles of the circular truncated cone, other truncated pyramids and the like in the soft network segmentation structure ranges from 5mm to 30mm, the distance between the circle centers is 110% to 130% of the diameter, and the distance between the geometric centers of the regular polygons is 110% to 130% of 2 times of the distance between the geometric centers and the sidelines.
Further, in the step (4), the circular truncated cones and other truncated pyramids in the soft network dividing structure are distributed with any circular truncated cone or truncated pyramid as the center, and the adjacent included angle between the 4 circular truncated cones or truncated pyramids closest to the circular truncated cones or the truncated pyramids is 90 °.
Further, the length range of the joint after the additive test of the whole transition joint is completed is 2mm-10 mm.
Compared with other inventions, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts a bionic structure, can change the crack propagation mode at the joint, can prevent the direct linear propagation and the fracture of the crack at the position where the corresponding brittle force is concentrated, and improves the tensile strength at the joint.
2. The invention adopts a structure with a circular section, and the circular structure can disperse stress and crack propagation and is beneficial to improving the performance of the joint.
3. The invention adopts the circular truncated cone structure, so that the soft area at the joint connected with the steel side is larger than the hard area, and the crack is sufficiently terminated; the titanium side reduces the amount of metal V to increase the strength at the end, and excessive V decreases the strength of the joint.
4. The invention is carried out in a material increase mode, is easier to implement and simplifies the operation.
5. The invention has strong applicability, and the required transition joint can be obtained by any additive mode.
6. The invention can also play the advantage of material increase and make transition joints with various required shapes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a soft network split and gradient composition titanium/steel transition joint design according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic overall view of a network segmented structural portion of the titanium/steel transition joint of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a network segmented structural portion of the titanium/steel transition joint of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the soft network segmentation and gradient composition titanium/steel transition joint crack propagation of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic overall view of a network segmented structural portion of the titanium/steel transition joint of example 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a network segmented structural portion of the titanium/steel transition joint of example 2;
FIG. 7 is an additive schematic view of a network segmented structural portion of the titanium/steel transition joint of example 2;
FIG. 8 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1TC4 substrate; 2 a pure vanadium layer; 3, network dividing the structural layer; 4 titanium and titanium alloy additive block 5 pure vanadium additive block.
Detailed Description
The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and the present invention is not limited to the following ranges.
Example 1
The example is a method for obtaining a transition joint of TC4 and 316L stainless steel by an electron beam powder additive process, which comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, a network segmentation structure design and a component gradient design of a joint are required to be carried out on the joint;
(2) preparing a process scheme according to the design in the step (1);
(3) preparing before material increase, polishing a titanium alloy plate used for an experiment to enable the surface roughness Ra of the titanium alloy plate to be less than or equal to 1.6 mu m, wherein the thickness of the titanium alloy substrate is 10mm, and then fixing the titanium alloy substrate at the material increase position; in addition, additive materials, in particular pure V powder with a particle size of 45-150 μm, should be prepared;
(4) slicing according to the size structure of a soft division area of the titanium/steel transition joint with soft network division and gradient components and planning a scanning or material increase path, wherein the thickness of each layer is 0.5mm, the diameters of the soft areas in each layer are respectively 5mm, 7mm and 9mm, the distance between the circle center and the circle center is 11mm, and the diameter and the side length value are correspondingly increased along with the increase of the number of material increase layers;
(5) performing regional additive manufacturing according to the size structure of the slice in the step (4), specifically: firstly, carrying out electron beam scanning preheating on a titanium alloy substrate or a previous layer, then laying pure V powder in a soft area, melting and material increasing the powder by using electron beams, and then laying and material increasing the titanium alloy powder in the rest areas of the layer until the material increasing of the layer is finished, wherein the power of the electron beams is also changed correspondingly due to the change of powder materials;
(6) repeating the process of the step (5) to finish the material increase of the third layer, namely the material increase of the whole soft network segmentation part;
(7) and (5) performing material increase on the pure V powder of the last layer, wherein the material increase thickness is 0.5mm-2mm, and finishing the material increase of the whole joint.
Example 2
The example is a method for obtaining a transition joint of TC4 and 316L stainless steel by an electron beam fuse additive process, which comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, a network segmentation structure design and a component gradient design of a joint are required to be carried out on the joint;
(2) preparing a process scheme according to the design in the step (1);
(3) preparing before material increase, polishing a titanium alloy plate used for an experiment to enable the surface roughness Ra of the titanium alloy plate to be less than or equal to 1.6 mu m, wherein the thickness of the titanium alloy substrate is 10mm, and then fixing the titanium alloy substrate at the material increase position; in addition, material for material increase, in particular a pure V wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, is prepared;
(4) slicing according to the size structure of a soft partition area of the titanium/steel transition joint with soft network partition and gradient components and planning a scanning or material increasing path, wherein the structure is divided into three layers, the thickness of each layer is 0.8mm, the initial side length of a regular hexagon of the soft area is 5mm, the side lengths of a second layer and a third layer are 7mm and 9mm, and the distance between the geometric centers of the regular hexagons is 18 mm;
(5) performing regional additive manufacturing according to the size structure of the slice in the step (4), specifically: adopting a double wire feeding mechanism to perform alternate material increase of two materials, wherein arrows in fig. 7 indicate the direction of material increase, solid lines are titanium alloy wire material increase, dotted lines indicate V wire material increase, the regular hexagon is divided into a plurality of sections with different lengths to perform material increase, according to the diagram, 6 sections of material increase are needed from the edge to the center of the regular hexagon, the lengths from left to right are 9mm, 10.5mm, 12mm, 13.5mm, 15mm, 16.5mm and 18mm by taking a third layer as an example, and the above alternate material increase is repeated until material increase of all structures of the cost layer is completed;
(6) repeating the step (5) until the material increase of the whole soft network partition part is completed;
(7) and (5) performing pure V additive manufacturing on the last layer, wherein the additive thickness is 1 mm.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing a titanium/steel transition joint with soft network segmentation and gradient components is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the specific process flow comprises the following steps:
(1) determining that a substrate in the titanium/steel transition joint is titanium alloy, a matrix in the soft network partition structure is made of steel, and an array type tapered soft body vertically embedded in the matrix and an additive transition layer thereof are made of pure V;
(2) preparing before material increase, polishing a titanium alloy substrate used for an experiment to enable the surface roughness Ra of the titanium alloy substrate to be less than or equal to 1.6 mu m, wherein the thickness of the titanium alloy substrate is 10mm, and then fixing the titanium alloy substrate at the material increase position; in addition, material for material increase, specifically pure V powder or pure V wire material, is prepared;
(3) slicing according to the soft network segmentation structure and the size structure of the soft network segmentation structure of the titanium/steel transition joint with gradient components, and planning a scanning or material increase path, wherein the thickness of each layer segmented by the structure is 0.1-1mm, the diameter or side length of a soft area in each layer is 5-30mm, and the numerical values of the diameter and the side length are correspondingly increased along with the increase of the number of material increase layers;
(4) performing regional material increase according to the size structure of the slices in the step (3), specifically: (1) if a powder additive manufacturing mode is adopted, firstly, an additive soft area or a titanium alloy area needs to be manufactured, and then, additive manufacturing of the other area needs to be performed until additive manufacturing of the layer is completed; (2) if wire feeding and material adding are adopted, a double wire feeding mechanism is adopted, different materials are adopted for different sections for each material adding path to perform wire feeding until the material adding of the layer is finished;
(5) repeating the step (4) until the material increase of the whole soft network segmentation structure is completed;
(6) and (5) performing pure V additive manufacturing on the last layer, wherein the additive thickness is 0.5mm-2 mm.
2. The method of making a soft network split and gradient composition titanium/steel transition joint as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the particle size of the pure V powder is 45-150 μm, and the diameter of the pure V wire is 0.8-2.0 mm.
3. The method of making a soft network split and gradient composition titanium/steel transition joint as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (3), the thickness of the soft network segmentation structure in the joint is within the range of 1mm-5 mm.
4. The method of making a soft network split and gradient composition titanium/steel transition joint as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (3), the soft network segmentation structure comprises a circular truncated cone shape or a truncated pyramid shape, the circular truncated cone or the truncated pyramid is made of pure vanadium blocks, and the rest of materials are titanium or titanium alloy blocks.
5. The method of making a soft network split and gradient composition titanium/steel transition joint as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (3), the soft network segmentation structure is specifically in a shape of a circular truncated cone or a shape close to a circular truncated cone, a cylinder or a prism or a shape close to a prism.
6. The method of making a soft network split and gradient composition titanium/steel transition joint as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (3), the diameter of the section circle of the circular truncated cone in the soft network segmentation structure or the distance from the geometric center to the vertex ranges from 5mm to 30mm, and the distance between the circle centers is 110-130% of the diameter; or the distance between the geometric centers of the regular polygon sections of the prism table is 110-130% of the distance from the geometric centers to the side lines by 2 times.
7. The method of making a soft network split and gradient composition titanium/steel transition joint as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (3), the circular truncated cones or the truncated pyramids in the soft network segmentation structure are distributed in such a way that any circular truncated cone or any truncated pyramid is taken as the center, and the adjacent included angle between 4 circular truncated cones or truncated pyramids closest to the circular truncated pyramid is 90 degrees.
8. The method of making a soft network split and gradient composition titanium/steel transition joint as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the length range of the joint after the additive test of the whole transition joint is completed is 2mm-10 mm.
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| CN108405866B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-09-11 | 南京理工大学 | Soft network segmentation and gradient component titanium/steel transition joint structure |
| JP7079703B2 (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2022-06-02 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Laminated molding method of joints and joint members |
| CN112809007B (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2023-05-02 | 沈阳工业大学 | Preparation method for manufacturing titanium alloy and nickel-based superalloy functionally graded material |
| CN111390338B (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-02-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for additive manufacturing of TiAl intermetallic compound through heterogeneous dual-wire TOP-TIG electric arc |
| CN111992719B (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-23 | 西安欧中材料科技有限公司 | Efficient additive manufacturing system and preparation method for steel-titanium composite material fuse wire |
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