CN103480846A - Connecting method for sintering/welding titanium-steel dissimilar metal - Google Patents
Connecting method for sintering/welding titanium-steel dissimilar metal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a connecting method for sintering/welding titanium-steel dissimilar metal. The differences of physical properties of the titanium and the steel which are dissimilar metal are large, and the titanium and the steel are hard to connect through conventional methods. According to the connecting method, firstly, the titanium or titanium alloy, V-Cu gradient alloy powder C1, C2 and C3 and stainless steel are placed in a die one by one to be pressed in advance, and secondly, the die is placed in a sintering device to be sintered in a spark plasma mode, wherein the V-Cu gradient alloy powder C1, C2 and C3 are composed of mixed powder which is formed by mixing a plurality of kinds of metal powder according to different proportions, and the expansion factor gradient of the V-Cu gradient alloy powder C1, the expansion factor gradient of the V-Cu gradient alloy powder C2 and the expansion factor gradient of the V-Cu gradient alloy powder C3 are matched with one another. The titanium or the titanium alloy and the stainless steel are directly connected and formed at a time in a sintering mode, the method of spark plasma sintering is particularly suitable for sintering molding of V-Cu gradient connectors of the titanium and the stainless steel, and a titanium-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding connector can have a high mechanical property.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the metal manufacture field, be specifically related to the method for attachment of a kind of titanium-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding.
Background technology
Physical and chemical performance difference between titanium alloy and stainless steel is large especially, and obtaining good jointing has very large difficulty.At present, both at home and abroad adopt electron beams or laser beam to add the middle metal foil transition zone to carry out titanium alloy-stainless steel melting welding and connect more, but still be difficult to avoid the generation of compound and stress between the joint brittle metal, strength of joint still to be difficult to reach 0.7 times of strength of parent; Both at home and abroad also adopt adds single or titanium alloy that the composition metal paillon foil is intermediate layer-stainless steel Solid-State Welding (diffusion welding (DW), friction welding (FW), explosive welding (EW), heat iso-hydrostatic diffusion welding) more, these welding methods make some progress generally, but welding effect is not ideal generally, there is series of technical to need further research.
Discharge plasma sintering technique (Spark Plasma Sintering or SPS) also claims plasma activated sintering (Plasma Activ ated Sintering or PAS), it is the new technology of development in recent years, the Fast Sintering dense material be can realize at a lower temperature, nano bulk material, amorphous block material, composite, functionally gradient material (FGM) etc. can be used to prepare.Because the component of functionally gradient material (FGM) is graded, the sintering temperature difference of each layer, utilize the conventional sintering method to be difficult to once-firing.Have the gradient blank of different components proportioning can be in temperature gradient field once sintered one-tenth functionally gradient material (FGM).Sintering time is a few minutes only generally.The functionally gradient material (FGM) of having obtained at present good sintering effect has: stainless steel/ZrO2 is functionally gradient material (FGM); PSZ/Ti is functionally gradient material (FGM) etc.
At home and abroad there is no at present the people discharge plasma sintering technique is applied to being welded to connect of dissimilar metal.And except the plasma discharging technology, at present also without any a kind of welding or sintering technology, can realize that titanium-steel dissimilar metal adds once welding, the sinter molding of gradient joint, and the gradient joint gradient transition of gained is even not, gradient layer interface small size diffusion layer is difficult to control.
Summary of the invention
The method of attachment that the problem that the object of the invention is to exist for prior art provides a kind of titanium-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding and the gradient joint that is applicable to titanium-steel dissimilar metal and is connected.
The technical solution that realizes the object of the invention is: a kind of gradient joint that is applicable to titanium-steel dissimilar metal connection, the gradient joint that adopts V-Cu base graded alloy to connect as titanium-steel dissimilar metal, the mixed-powder of the coefficient of expansion gradient coupling that wherein V-Cu base graded alloy C1, C2, C3 are mixed according to different proportion by the various metals powder forms, and in C1, C2, C3, the content of vanadium powder is respectively 50%～60%, 25%～30%, 10%～20%; In C1, C2, C3, the content of copper powder is respectively 25%～35%, 50%～60%, 65%～75%; In C1, C2, C3, the content of nickel, aluminium, chromium metal dust is 3%～10%, C1, C2, the C3 coefficient of expansion is respectively: 9.5～10.5X10
-6.K
-1, 11.5～12.5X10
-6.K
-1, 13.5～14.3X10
-6.K
-1.
The titanium be connected with V-Cu base graded alloy powder of the present invention is titanium or its alloy; The steel be connected with V-Cu base graded alloy powder is stainless steel.
A kind of titanium-steel dissimilar metal connects sintering/welding method, at first titanium and alloy thereof are placed in to mould precharge, secondly V-Cu base graded alloy powder C1, C2, C3 are placed in one by one to mould precharge, again stainless steel is placed in to mould precharge, finally mould is placed in to agglomerating plant and carries out the discharge plasma sintering moulding.
In discharge plasma sintering process of the present invention, sintering temperature is 825 ℃-950 ℃, and sintering pressure is 40-50MPa, and temperature retention time is 10-15min.
Titanium of the present invention or its alloy, stainless steel are block or powder.
Titanium of the present invention or its alloy powder, V-Cu base graded alloy powder and powder of stainless steel granularity at 300 orders between 500 orders.
Titanium of the present invention or its alloy powder and powder of stainless steel all pass through ball-milling treatment, and ball material mass ratio is 10:1, and rotating speed is 200r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 6h.
In V-Cu base graded alloy powder of the present invention except metal powder with low melting point other each metal dust all pass through ball-milling treatment, ball material mass ratio is 10:1, rotating speed is 200r/min, Ball-milling Time is 6h.
The hollow tube-shape that mould of the present invention adopts the ISO-63 graphite rod to process.
Compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage is in the present invention: the first, and adopt discharge plasma sintering technique (being called for short SPS) sintering temperature low, sintering time is short, can obtain tiny, uniform tissue, and effective control connection interfacial diffusion layer thickness, realize sintered body gradient uniformity.In addition, adopt this kind of technology, the condition of contact controllability is good, technical process is simple, and hear rate is little; The second, in the present invention, sintering metal powder does not need binding agent to be bondd, and directly powder is put into to sintering mold successively according to the gradient relation and gets final product, and only need to once sinteredly just can make sintered body.The 3rd, adopt the mixed-powder of composition and linear expansion coefficient gradient transition as intermediate layer, can effectively prevent the fragility phase problems of crack that the sudden change of composition when titanium directly is connected with steel and large the caused thermal stress of expansion coefficient difference and transformation stress cause, thereby solve titanium or titanium alloy and the difficult problem such as the stainless steel connectivity is poor, strength of joint is low, thermal fatigue life is low, the welding procedure difficulty is large, Joint Reliability is poor.The 4th, adding mixed-powder carries out titanium or titanium alloy and is connected with stainless, can, by adjusting powder composition and distribution thereof, realize that titanium elements and the isolation of ferro element, the formation that reduces the fragility phase, optimization fragility distribute mutually, also can improve by the interpolation of trace alloying element fragility phase plasticity and toughness simultaneously.Therefore the connection that adopts this technology to carry out titanium-steel combines Solid-State Welding and the adjustable advantage of powder composition, both avoided the growing up of combination, crystal grain of titanium elements too much under the melting welding condition and ferro element, again can be by the effect of alloying element in powder, suppress counterdiffusion between fragility phase forming element, improve fragility phase plasticity and toughness, reduce to greatest extent the segregation of alloying component, eliminate thick, inhomogeneous cast sturcture.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The gradient joint is V-Cu base graded alloy, and wherein vanadium metal and copper metal are main component.Titanium or its alloy adopt TC4 titanium alloy block, stainless steel to adopt 316L stainless steel block, and the coefficient of expansion of TC4 titanium alloy block, 316L stainless steel block and V-Cu base graded alloy changes coupling in gradient.In order to make V-Cu base graded alloy two ends and TC4 titanium alloy block, 316L stainless steel block connectivity good, the mixed-powder of the coefficient of expansion gradient coupling that V-Cu base graded alloy is mixed according to different proportion by the various metals powder forms, according to being set to Gradient: C1+C2+C3, wherein the C1 mixed-powder is connected with TC4 titanium alloy block one side, the C3 mixed-powder is connected with 316L stainless steel block one side, and C1 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 53.0%, copper 32.0%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%; C2 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 28.0%, copper 57.0%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%; C3 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 13.0%, copper 72.0%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%.
The empirical equation of calculating polycrystal, heterogeneous body or composite bodies average coefficient of linear expansion that the calculating of above-mentioned mixed-powder coefficient of expansion gradient coupling adopts Turner to propose after model analysis.According to the Molded Line coefficient of expansion that calculates 20 ℃-100 ℃ of gained, be C1:11.51X10
-6.K
-1, C2:13.0X10
-6.K
-1, C3:14.7X10
-6.K
-1, TC420 ℃ of-100 ℃ of linear expansion coefficients are 7.89X10
-6.K
-1, 316L20 ℃ of-100 ℃ of linear expansion coefficients are 16X10
-6.K
-1.
By TC4 titanium alloy block, the advanced row of 316L stainless steel block mechanical grinding, rust cleaning, abatement processes.
Gradient powder C1, C2, the C3 of mixed-powder first carry out ball-milling treatment, and step is: at first each gradient powder of other except low-melting-point metal aluminium carries out the ball milling mixing, and ball material mass ratio is 10:1, and rotating speed is 200r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 6h; Secondly carry out the mechanical uniform mixing after adding low-melting-point metal aluminium in each gradient powder.
By TC4 titanium alloy block, mixed-powder, 316L stainless steel block is put in the hollow tube-shape mould that the ISO-63 graphite rod processes successively according to the gradient relation, in the present invention, precompressed pressure head used and the die cavity bore shape size of mould are complementary, and end face is smooth, during powder dress mould, first fill TC4 titanium alloy block, add successively again the C1 mixed-powder, the C2 mixed-powder, the C3 mixed-powder, and often add the mixed once powder and need carry out a precharge, finally add 316L stainless steel block, add a cover pressure head after precharge, carry out the discharge plasma sintering sample preparation, sintering temperature is 900 ℃, sintering pressure is 45MPa, temperature retention time is 15min.Gained sintered sample density is not less than 90%, and intensity is not less than 450MPa.
Embodiment 2
The gradient joint is V-Cu base graded alloy, and wherein vanadium metal and copper metal are main component.Titanium or its alloy adopt Ti metal dust, stainless steel to adopt the 316L powder of stainless steel, and the coefficient of expansion of Ti metal dust, 316L powder of stainless steel and V-Cu base graded alloy changes coupling in gradient.In order to make V-Cu base graded alloy two ends and Ti metal dust, 316L powder of stainless steel connectivity good, the mixed-powder of the coefficient of expansion gradient coupling that V-Cu base graded alloy is mixed according to different proportion by the various metals powder forms, according to being set to Gradient: C1+C2+C3, wherein the C1 mixed-powder is connected with Ti metal dust one side, the C3 mixed-powder is connected with 316L powder of stainless steel one side, and C1 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 60%, copper 25%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%; C2 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 35%, copper 50%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%; C3 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 20%, copper 65%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%.
The empirical equation of calculating polycrystal, heterogeneous body or composite bodies average coefficient of linear expansion that the calculating of above-mentioned mixed-powder coefficient of expansion gradient coupling adopts Turner to propose after model analysis.According to the Molded Line coefficient of expansion that calculates 20 ℃-100 ℃ of gained, be C1:9.8X10
-6.K
-1, C2:11.7X10
-6.K
-1, C3:13.5X10
-6.K
-1, Ti20 ℃ of-100 ℃ of linear expansion coefficients are 7.89X10
-6.K
-1, 316L20 ℃ of-100 ℃ of linear expansion coefficients are 16X10
-6.K
-1.
By Ti metal dust, 316L powder of stainless steel, in advance by ball-milling treatment, ball material mass ratio is 10:1, and rotating speed is that the 200r/min Ball-milling Time is 6h.
Gradient powder C1, C2, the C3 of mixed-powder first carry out ball-milling treatment, and step is: at first each gradient powder of other except low-melting-point metal aluminium carries out the ball milling mixing, and ball material mass ratio is 10:1, and rotating speed is 200r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 6h; Secondly carry out the mechanical uniform mixing after adding low-melting-point metal aluminium in each gradient powder.
By the Ti metal dust, mixed-powder, the 316L powder of stainless steel is put in the hollow tube-shape mould that the ISO-63 graphite rod processes successively according to the gradient relation, in the present invention, precompressed pressure head used and the die cavity bore shape size of mould are complementary, and end face is smooth, during powder dress mould, first fill the Ti metal dust, add successively again the C1 mixed-powder, the C2 mixed-powder, the C3 mixed-powder, and often add the mixed once powder and need carry out a precharge, finally add 316L piece of stainless steel powder, add a cover pressure head after precharge, carry out the discharge plasma sintering sample preparation, sintering temperature is 850 ℃, sintering pressure is 40MPa, temperature retention time is 12min.。Gained sintered sample density is not less than 85%, and intensity is not less than 250MPa.
Embodiment 3
The gradient joint is V-Cu base graded alloy, and wherein vanadium metal and copper metal are main component.Titanium or its alloy adopt TC4 titanium alloy block, stainless steel to adopt 304SS stainless steel block, and the coefficient of expansion of TC4 titanium alloy block, 304SS stainless steel block and V-Cu base graded alloy changes coupling in gradient.In order to make V-Cu base graded alloy two ends and TC4 titanium alloy block, 304SS stainless steel block connectivity good, the mixed-powder of the coefficient of expansion gradient coupling that V-Cu base graded alloy is mixed according to different proportion by the various metals powder forms, according to being set to Gradient: C1+C2+C3, wherein the C1 mixed-powder is connected with TC4 titanium alloy block one side, the C3 mixed-powder is connected with 316L stainless steel block one side, and C1 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 53.0%, copper 32.0%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%; C2 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 28.0%, copper 57.0%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%; C3 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 13.0%, copper 72.0%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%.
The empirical equation of calculating polycrystal, heterogeneous body or composite bodies average coefficient of linear expansion that the calculating of above-mentioned mixed-powder coefficient of expansion gradient coupling adopts Turner to propose after model analysis.According to the Molded Line coefficient of expansion that calculates 20 ℃-100 ℃ of gained, be C1:11.51X10
-6.K
-1, C2:13.0X10
-6.K
-1, C3:14.7X10
-6.K
-1, TC420 ℃ of-100 ℃ of linear expansion coefficients are 7.89X10
-6.K
-1, 316L20 ℃ of-100 ℃ of linear expansion coefficients are 16X10
-6.K
-1.
By TC4 titanium alloy block, the advanced row of 304SS stainless steel block mechanical grinding, rust cleaning, abatement processes.
Gradient powder C1, C2, the C3 of mixed-powder first carry out ball-milling treatment, and step is: at first each gradient powder of other except low-melting-point metal aluminium carries out the ball milling mixing, and ball material mass ratio is 10:1, and rotating speed is 200r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 6h; Secondly carry out the mechanical uniform mixing after adding low-melting-point metal aluminium in each gradient powder.
By TC4 titanium alloy block, mixed-powder, 304SS stainless steel block is put in the hollow tube-shape mould that the ISO-63 graphite rod processes successively according to the gradient relation, in the present invention, precompressed pressure head used and the die cavity bore shape size of mould are complementary, and end face is smooth, during powder dress mould, first fill TC4 titanium alloy block, add successively again the C1 mixed-powder, the C2 mixed-powder, the C3 mixed-powder, and often add the mixed once powder and need carry out a precharge, finally add 304SS stainless steel block, add a cover pressure head after precharge, carry out the discharge plasma sintering sample preparation, sintering temperature is 950 ℃, sintering pressure is 45MPa, temperature retention time is 15min.Gained sintered sample density is not less than 98%, and intensity is not less than 300MPa.
Claims (7)
1. the method for attachment of titanium-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding, it is characterized in that at first titanium or its alloy are placed in to mould precharge, secondly successively V-Cu base graded alloy powder C1, C2, C3 are placed in one by one to mould precharge, again stainless steel is placed in to mould precharge, finally mould is placed in to agglomerating plant and carries out the discharge plasma sintering moulding, wherein in C1, C2, C3 mixed-powder, the content of vanadium powder is respectively 50%～60%, 25%～30%, 10%～20%; In C1, C2, C3, the content of copper powder is respectively 25%～35%, 50%～60%, 65%～75%; In C1, C2, C3, the content of nickel, aluminium, chromium metal dust is 3%～10%, C1, C2, the C3 coefficient of expansion is respectively: 9.5～10.5X10
-6.K
-1, 11.5～12.5X10
-6.K
-1, 13.5～14.3X10
-6.K
-1.
2. the method for attachment of titanium according to claim 1-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding, is characterized in that in described discharge plasma sintering process, sintering temperature is
sintering pressure is 40-50MPa, and temperature retention time is 10-15min.
3. the method for attachment of titanium according to claim 1-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding, is characterized in that described titanium or its alloy, stainless steel are block or powder.
4. according to the method for attachment of the described titanium of claim 1 or 3-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding, it is characterized in that described titanium or its alloy powder, V-Cu base graded alloy powder and powder of stainless steel granularity at 300 orders between 500 orders.
5. according to the method for attachment of the described titanium of claim 1 or 3-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding, it is characterized in that described titanium or its alloy powder and powder of stainless steel all pass through ball-milling treatment, ball material mass ratio is 10:1, and rotating speed is 200r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 6h.
6. the method for attachment of titanium according to claim 1-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding, it is characterized in that in described V-Cu base graded alloy powder that other each metal dust all passes through ball-milling treatment except metal powder with low melting point aluminium, ball material mass ratio is 10:1, rotating speed is 200r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 6h.
7. the method for attachment of titanium according to claim 1-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding, is characterized in that the hollow tube-shape that described mould adopts the ISO-63 graphite rod to process.
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| CN106341943A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-01-18 | 旭德科技股份有限公司 | Circuit board and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN108097957A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-01 | 江苏烁石焊接科技有限公司 | A kind of soft network segmentation and titanium/steel transit joint preparation method of gradient components |
| CN108405866A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-17 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of titanium/steel transit joint structure of soft network segmentation and gradient components |
| CN108714773A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-30 | 大连理工大学 | Dissimilar metal diel increasing material manufacturing method |
| CN109226918A (en) * | 2018-09-01 | 2019-01-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of titanium based on pulse matching control/steel dissimilar metal plasma shunts melt pole electrical arc brazing device and method |
| CN109317794A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-02-12 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of titanium alloy and stainless steel fill out powder plasma welding method |
| CN111151880A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-15 | 安徽工业大学 | Gradient transition connection method for depositing steel/titanium dissimilar metal based on laser synchronous preheating |
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| CN109317794B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2020-09-04 | 安徽工业大学 | Powder-filled plasma welding method for titanium alloy and stainless steel |
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| CN111673239A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-09-18 | 西安理工大学 | Copper/steel composite material connecting method for preset joint |
| CN111673239B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2022-07-05 | 西安理工大学 | Copper/steel composite material connecting method for preset joint |
| CN111560552A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-08-21 | 苏州大学 | CrCuV solid solution for heterojunction and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111560552B (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2021-08-06 | 苏州大学 | CrCuV solid solution for heterojunction and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113118447A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-07-16 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Titanium-steel dissimilar metal hybrid connection method |
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