CN113913669A - Preparation method of P-containing high-strength stainless steel product - Google Patents

Preparation method of P-containing high-strength stainless steel product Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113913669A
CN113913669A CN202111178283.5A CN202111178283A CN113913669A CN 113913669 A CN113913669 A CN 113913669A CN 202111178283 A CN202111178283 A CN 202111178283A CN 113913669 A CN113913669 A CN 113913669A
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stainless steel
powder
sintering
preparing
containing high
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杨芳
秦乾
郭志猛
陈存广
隋延力
李延丽
常慧荣
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C33/00Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0207Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
    • C22C33/0214Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy comprising P or a phosphorus compound
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02Compacting only
    • B22F3/04Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/1003Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
    • B22F3/1007Atmosphere
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017Multiple heating or additional steps
    • B22F3/1021Removal of binder or filler
    • B22F3/1025Removal of binder or filler not by heating only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/18Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/20Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B22F3/225Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248Thermal after-treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/043Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling

Abstract

A preparation method of a P-containing high-strength stainless steel product, belonging to the field of powder metallurgy. On the basis of various stainless steel components, the P element is added into the stainless steel through a two-flow atomization or ball milling mixing mode to prepare novel P-containing high-strength stainless steel powder, and then the powder is subjected to forming, sintering and post-treatment to obtain a high-strength powder stainless steel product. The P element is introduced in the mode of the P-containing intermediate alloy or the P-containing stainless steel powder, the addition of the P element has the effect of promoting the sintering of the stainless steel, the sintering temperature can be effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel are obviously improved. The method has the advantages of extremely low cost amplification, simple preparation process, no need of additional equipment and process steps, strong applicability and suitability for large-scale industrial production.

Description

Preparation method of P-containing high-strength stainless steel product
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of powder metallurgy, and provides a preparation method of a P-containing high-strength stainless steel product.
Background
At present, the powder metallurgy method for producing stainless steel overcomes the obvious defects of high production cost, low material utilization rate, low product size precision and the like of the traditional casting technology, can fully meet the extremely harsh requirements of modern complex parts on the shape of stainless steel products, simultaneously has excellent mechanical and corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the field of equipment manufacturing of national civilians in relation to aerospace, ocean engineering, medical instruments, chemical engineering, textile, energy and the like.
The production and development of stainless steel feedstock powders is of central importance, both in conventional powder metallurgy and in the Metal Injection Molding (MIM) process, which is currently a rapidly increasing scale of technology and development. The market scale of the stainless steel powder for the powder metallurgy is increased year by year, and the domestic stainless steel powder production is developed rapidly and greatly unprecedentedly. However, in the near-net forming method such as MIM which does not use a hot working process, pores still exist in the sintered stainless steel component system, and the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the stainless steel are inferior to those of the smelted stainless steel. Therefore, it is necessary to try to obtain a high-density sintered stainless steel by adding a small amount of alloying elements.
The P element is a low-melting-point element, and can promote the sintering densification of a powder system, thereby improving the sintering densification of the powder metallurgy product. However, in the conventional casting process, it is pointed out that the content of P element in the steel system should not exceed 0.05 wt%, otherwise it segregates at grain boundaries, causing cracking of the ingot during cooling and subsequent processing. In order to utilize the characteristics of low melting point of P element and great enhancement of steel strength, the invention provides a novel preparation method of P-containing high-strength powder stainless steel with low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a P-containing high-strength stainless steel product, which can effectively improve the performance of stainless steel by a low-cost simple and convenient means. And adding the element P into a stainless steel powder system in a two-flow atomization or ball milling mixing mode to prepare the stainless steel powder containing P. On one hand, P can remarkably promote sintering densification, has very obvious solid solution strengthening effect on steel, and has certain benefit on the corrosion resistance of materials by adding P, so that P has considerable benefit on the strength and the corrosion resistance of the sintered stainless steel; on the other hand, compared with the traditional casting method which can generate serious segregation of P, the powder metallurgy method can uniformly distribute P in a large amount of powder particles, and segregation hardly exists in the subsequent sintering process due to the solidification process from liquid phase to solid phase. In addition, the P element is introduced in a mode of containing P intermediate alloy or stainless steel powder, so that the loss of P element components caused by directly adding a low-boiling point P simple substance is avoided, and the uniformity of system components is ensured.
In order to obtain the preparation method of the P-containing high-strength stainless steel product, the preparation method is characterized in that a certain amount of P element is added into a powder metallurgy stainless steel system, so that the double optimization of the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the low-cost stainless steel is realized, and the specific preparation steps are as follows:
(1) preparing stainless steel alloy powder containing P (powder A), stainless steel alloy powder containing no P (powder B) and master alloy powder containing P (powder C) by means of two-flow atomization;
(2) mixing the powder B and the powder C or the powder A and the powder B according to a certain mass ratio to ensure that the content of the mixed powder P reaches 0.1 to 0.8 weight percent. Then putting the mixture into a mixing tank for rolling ball milling for 1-4h, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 2:1, and obtaining a composite powder system with uniform mixing;
(3) preparing the composite powder in the step (2) into a blank by adopting an injection molding or cold isostatic pressing method according to production requirements;
(4) and (4) placing the blank in the step (3) into a sintering furnace for vacuum or atmosphere sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 1150-plus 1280 ℃, and taking out after heat preservation for 2-5 h.
(5) And (4) performing subsequent heat treatment, rolling or extrusion on the sintered sample according to application requirements to finally obtain a powder high-strength stainless steel product.
Further, the stainless steel alloy powder composition in step (1) is based on various commercially available stainless steel grades, including 304, 316L, 201, 321, 347, etc.
Further, the P content of the stainless steel alloy powder containing P in the step (1) is 0.1-2 wt%.
Further, the P-containing master alloy powder in the step (1) is Ni-P alloy powder or P-Fe alloy powder, and the content of P is 10-30 wt%.
Furthermore, the particle size of each powder in the step (1) is less than or equal to 50 μm.
Further, the injection molding method in the step (3) comprises the following specific steps:
1) mixing the composite powder with an injection binder to obtain a mixture;
2) putting the mixture into a crushing granulator for crushing and granulating to obtain a feed for injection;
3) performing injection molding on the feed for injection, maintaining the pressure for 5-10s, and then demolding to obtain an injection blank;
4) and (3) carrying out acid stripping or dissolution stripping treatment on the injection blank, and then carrying out heat preservation for 3-8h at the temperature of 650 ℃ by adopting a degreasing sintering furnace to obtain the required blank.
Further, the cold isostatic pressing method in the step (3) comprises the following specific steps:
1) carrying out high-temperature vacuum annealing on the mixed powder, wherein the annealing temperature is 600-;
2) and filling the obtained powder into a cold isostatic pressing sheath, compacting, sealing, and performing cold isostatic pressing for forming at the forming pressure of 130-300MPa for 1-3min to obtain a blank.
Further, the vacuum sintering in the step (4) is carried out, wherein the vacuum degree is 10-10-3Pa; the sintering atmosphere of the atmosphere sintering is nitrogen or argon.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the P element is added into a stainless steel system by a powder metallurgy method, and the phenomenon that P is easy to segregate in the traditional casting method is avoided.
2. The addition of P has the function of promoting the sintering of the stainless steel, can effectively reduce the sintering temperature, and is beneficial to effectively shortening the working hours and improving the structure performance to a certain extent.
3. A certain amount of P is added into the stainless steel, which has very obvious effect and important guiding significance on the improvement of the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel product.
4. The method has the advantages of extremely low cost amplification, simple preparation process, no need of additional equipment and process steps, strong applicability and suitability for large-scale industrial production.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
(1) preparing 316L stainless steel alloy powder containing 1.5 wt% of P by means of water atomization, wherein the powder particle size D50 is 13.4 mu m; and water-atomized 316L powder without P, with a particle size D50 ═ 15.6 μm;
(2) the two powders are mixed according to a certain mass proportion, so that the content of the mixed powder P reaches 0.5 wt%. Then putting the mixture into a mixing tank for rolling ball milling for 2 hours, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 2:1, and obtaining a composite powder system with uniform mixing;
(3) mixing the composite powder with a plastic-based binder for injection to obtain a mixture;
(4) putting the mixture into a crushing granulator for crushing and granulating to obtain a feed for injection;
(5) injecting and forming the injection feed, maintaining the pressure for 6s, and then demoulding to obtain an injection blank;
(6) and (3) carrying out acid removal treatment on the injection blank, then preserving the heat for 3h at 300 ℃ by using a degreasing sintering furnace, and preserving the heat for 5h at 480 ℃ to obtain the required blank.
(7) Placing the obtained blank into a sintering furnace for vacuum sintering, wherein the vacuum degree is 10-2Pa, the sintering temperature is 1250 ℃, and the sintering temperature is kept for 2h and then taken out;
(8) and carrying out heat treatment on the sintered sample according to application requirements to finally obtain a powder high-strength stainless steel product.
Example 2:
(1) preparing 321 powder by means of gas atomization, wherein the particle size D50 is 10.5 mu m; and a P-Fe alloy powder having a P content of 22 wt%, a powder particle diameter D50 of 8.3 μm;
(2) the two powders are mixed according to a certain mass proportion, so that the content of the mixed powder P reaches 0.3 wt%. Then putting the mixture into a mixing tank for rolling ball milling for 3 hours, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 2:1, and obtaining a composite powder system with uniform mixing;
(3) carrying out high-temperature vacuum annealing on the mixed powder, wherein the annealing temperature is 750 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 h;
(4) and (3) putting the obtained powder into a cold isostatic pressing sheath, compacting, sealing, and carrying out cold isostatic pressing forming under the forming pressure of 200MPa for 2min to obtain a blank.
(5) Placing the obtained blank in a sintering furnace for argon atmosphere sintering at 1280 ℃, and taking out after heat preservation for 3 hours;
(6) and rolling the sintered sample according to application requirements to finally obtain a powder high-strength stainless steel product.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of a P-containing high-strength stainless steel product is characterized in that a certain amount of P element is added into a powder metallurgy stainless steel system to realize double optimization of low-cost stainless steel mechanical property and corrosion resistance, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing stainless steel alloy powder containing P (powder A), stainless steel alloy powder containing no P (powder B) and master alloy powder containing P (powder C) by means of two-flow atomization;
(2) mixing the powder B and the powder C or the powder A and the powder B according to a certain mass ratio to ensure that the content of the mixed powder P reaches 0.1 to 0.8 weight percent; then putting the mixture into a mixing tank for rolling ball milling for 1-4h, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 2:1, and obtaining a composite powder system with uniform mixing;
(3) preparing the composite powder in the step (2) into a blank by adopting an injection molding or cold isostatic pressing method according to production requirements;
(4) placing the blank in the step (3) into a sintering furnace for vacuum or atmosphere sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 1150-plus-1280 ℃, and taking out after heat preservation for 2-5 h;
(5) and (4) performing subsequent heat treatment, rolling or extrusion on the sintered sample according to application requirements to finally obtain a powder high-strength stainless steel product.
2. The method for preparing a P-containing high-strength stainless steel product according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the components of the stainless steel alloy powder in the step (1) are based on various commercially available stainless steel grades, including 304, 316L, 201, 321 or 347 grades.
3. The method for preparing a P-containing high-strength stainless steel product according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the content of P in the stainless steel alloy powder containing P in the step (1) is 0.1-2 wt%.
4. The method for preparing a P-containing high-strength stainless steel product according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the P-containing master alloy powder in the step (1) is Ni-P alloy powder or P-Fe alloy powder, and the content of P is 10-30 wt%.
5. The method for preparing a P-containing high-strength stainless steel product according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the grain diameter of each powder in the step (1) is less than or equal to 50 mu m.
6. The method for preparing a P-containing high-strength stainless steel powder according to claim 1, wherein: the injection molding method in the step (3) comprises the following specific steps:
1) mixing the composite powder with an injection binder to obtain a mixture;
2) putting the mixture into a crushing granulator for crushing and granulating to obtain a feed for injection;
3) performing injection molding on the feed for injection, maintaining the pressure for 5-10s, and then demolding to obtain an injection blank;
4) and (3) carrying out acid stripping or dissolution stripping treatment on the injection blank, and then carrying out heat preservation for 3-8h at the temperature of 650 ℃ by adopting a degreasing sintering furnace to obtain the required blank.
7. The method for preparing a P-containing high-strength stainless steel product according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cold isostatic pressing method in the step (3) comprises the following specific steps:
1) carrying out high-temperature vacuum annealing on the mixed powder, wherein the annealing temperature is 600-;
2) and filling the obtained powder into a cold isostatic pressing sheath, compacting, sealing, and performing cold isostatic pressing for forming at the forming pressure of 130-300MPa for 1-3min to obtain a blank.
8. The method for preparing a P-containing high-strength stainless steel product according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: vacuum sintering is carried out in the step (4), the vacuum degree is 10-10-3Pa; the sintering atmosphere of the atmosphere sintering is nitrogen or argon.
CN202111178283.5A 2021-10-09 2021-10-09 Preparation method of P-containing high-strength stainless steel product Pending CN113913669A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114951699A (en) * 2022-05-30 2022-08-30 北京科技大学广州新材料研究院 Stainless steel compact part prepared by selective laser sintering and preparation method thereof

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105695846A (en) * 2016-03-31 2016-06-22 泰安皆瑞金属科技有限公司 Phosphorus-contained iron-based powder metallurgy material and preparing process thereof
CN108546889A (en) * 2018-05-11 2018-09-18 飞亚达(集团)股份有限公司 A kind of stainless steel material and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105695846A (en) * 2016-03-31 2016-06-22 泰安皆瑞金属科技有限公司 Phosphorus-contained iron-based powder metallurgy material and preparing process thereof
CN108546889A (en) * 2018-05-11 2018-09-18 飞亚达(集团)股份有限公司 A kind of stainless steel material and preparation method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114951699A (en) * 2022-05-30 2022-08-30 北京科技大学广州新材料研究院 Stainless steel compact part prepared by selective laser sintering and preparation method thereof

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