CN103480846B - Connecting method for sintering/welding titanium-steel dissimilar metal - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a connecting method for sintering/welding titanium-steel dissimilar metal. The differences of physical properties of the titanium and the steel which are dissimilar metal are large, and the titanium and the steel are hard to connect through conventional methods. According to the connecting method, firstly, the titanium or titanium alloy, V-Cu gradient alloy powder C1, C2 and C3 and stainless steel are placed in a die one by one to be pressed in advance, and secondly, the die is placed in a sintering device to be sintered in a spark plasma mode, wherein the V-Cu gradient alloy powder C1, C2 and C3 are composed of mixed powder which is formed by mixing a plurality of kinds of metal powder according to different proportions, and the expansion factor gradient of the V-Cu gradient alloy powder C1, the expansion factor gradient of the V-Cu gradient alloy powder C2 and the expansion factor gradient of the V-Cu gradient alloy powder C3 are matched with one another. The titanium or the titanium alloy and the stainless steel are directly connected and formed at a time in a sintering mode, the method of spark plasma sintering is particularly suitable for sintering molding of V-Cu gradient connectors of the titanium and the stainless steel, and a titanium-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding connector can have a high mechanical property.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal processing sectors, be specifically related to the method for attachment of a kind of titanium-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding.
Background technology
Physical and chemical performance difference between titanium alloy and stainless steel is large especially, and obtaining good jointing has very large difficulty.At present, adopt electron beam or laser beam to add middle metal foil transition zone more both at home and abroad and carry out titanium alloy-stainless steel melting welding connection, but still be difficult to the generation avoiding joint brittle intermetallic thing and stress, strength of joint is still difficult to 0.7 times that reaches strength of parent; Both at home and abroad also adopt adds titanium alloy-stainless steel Solid-State Welding (diffusion welding (DW), friction welding (FW), explosive welding (EW), heat iso-hydrostatic diffusion welding) that single or composition metal paillon foil is intermediate layer more, these welding methods make some progress generally, but welding effect is not ideal generally, series of technical is had to need research further.
Discharge plasma sintering technique (Spark Plasma Sintering or SPS) also claims plasma activated sintering (Plasma Activ ated Sintering or PAS), it is the new technology of development in recent years, Fast Sintering dense material can be realized at a lower temperature, can be used to prepare nano bulk material, amorphous block material, composite, functionally gradient material (FGM) etc.Component due to functionally gradient material (FGM) is graded, and the sintering temperature of each layer is different, utilizes conventional sintering method to be difficult to once-firing.Have different components proportioning gradient blank can in temperature gradient field once sintered one-tenth functionally gradient material (FGM).Sintering time general only a few minutes.The functionally gradient material (FGM) having obtained good sintering effect at present has: stainless steel/ZrO2 system functionally gradient material (FGM); PSZ/Ti system functionally gradient material (FGM) etc.
At home and abroad there is no people at present and discharge plasma sintering technique is applied to being welded to connect of dissimilar metal.And except plasma discharging technology, at present also can realize without any a kind of welding or sintering technology once welding, the sinter molding that titanium-steel dissimilar metal adds gradient joint, and the gradient joint gradient transition of gained is even not, gradient layer interface small size diffusion layer is difficult to control.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide the method for attachment of a kind of titanium-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding and the gradient joint being applicable to titanium-steel dissimilar metal and being connected for prior art Problems existing.
The technical solution realizing the object of the invention is: a kind of gradient joint being applicable to titanium-steel dissimilar metal and connecting, adopt the gradient joint that V-Cu base graded alloy connects as titanium-steel dissimilar metal, the mixed-powder that wherein V-Cu base graded alloy C1, C2, C3 is mated according to the coefficient of expansion gradient that different proportion mixes by various metals powder forms, and in C1, C2, C3, the content of vanadium powder is 50% ~ 60%, 25% ~ 30%, 10% ~ 20% respectively; In C1, C2, C3, the content of copper powder is respectively 25% ~ 35%, 50% ~ 60%, 65% ~ 75%; In C1, C2, C3, the content of nickel, aluminium, chromium metal dust is 3% ~ 10%, C1, C2, C3 coefficient of expansion is respectively: 9.5 ~ 10.5X10
-6.K
-1, 11.5 ~ 12.5X10
-6.K
-1, 13.5 ~ 14.3X10
-6.K
-1.
The titanium be connected with V-Cu base graded alloy powder of the present invention is titanium or its alloy; The steel be connected with V-Cu base graded alloy powder is stainless steel.
A kind of titanium-steel dissimilar metal connects sintering/welding method, first titanium and titanium alloys is placed in mould also precharge, secondly V-Cu base graded alloy powder C1, C2, C3 is placed in one by one mould also precharge, stainless steel is placed in mould precharge, finally mould being placed in agglomerating plant, to carry out discharge plasma sintering shaping again.
In discharge plasma sintering process of the present invention, sintering temperature is 825 DEG C-950 DEG C, and sintering pressure is 40-50MPa, and temperature retention time is 10-15min.
Titanium of the present invention or its alloy, stainless steel are block or powder.
Titanium of the present invention or its alloy powder, V-Cu base graded alloy powder and powder of stainless steel granularity are between 300 orders to 500 orders.
Titanium of the present invention or its alloy powder and powder of stainless steel are all through ball-milling treatment, and ball material mass ratio is 10:1, and rotating speed is 200r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 6h.
In V-Cu base graded alloy powder of the present invention, except metal powder with low melting point, other each metal dust is all through ball-milling treatment, and ball material mass ratio is 10:1, and rotating speed is 200r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 6h.
The hollow tube-shape that mould of the present invention adopts ISO-63 graphite rod to process.
Compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage is: the first in the present invention, adopts discharge plasma sintering technique (being called for short SPS) sintering temperature low, sintering time is short, can obtain tiny, organize uniformly, and can effective control connection interface diffusion layer thickness, realize sintered body gradient uniformity.In addition, adopt this kind of technology, condition of contact controllability is good, technical process is simple, hear rate is little; The second, in the present invention, sintering metal powder does not need binding agent to bond, and directly powder is put into sintering mold successively according to gradient relation, only needs once sinteredly just can obtain sintered body.3rd, adopt the mixed-powder of composition and linear expansion coefficient gradient transition as intermediate layer, the brittlement phase problems of crack that when can effectively prevent titanium to be directly connected with steel, composition sudden change and the large caused thermal stress of expansion coefficient difference and transformation stress cause, thus solve titanium or titanium alloy and the difficult problem such as stainless steel connectivity is poor, strength of joint is low, thermal fatigue life is low, welding procedure difficulty is large, Joint Reliability is poor.4th, add mixed-powder to carry out titanium or titanium alloy and be connected with stainless, by adjustment powdered ingredients and distribution thereof, realize the isolation of titanium elements and ferro element, reduce the formation of brittlement phase, optimize brittlement phase and distribute, while also improve brittlement phase plasticity and toughness by the interpolation of trace alloying element.Therefore the connection adopting this technology to carry out titanium-steel combines Solid-State Welding and the adjustable advantage of powdered ingredients, both titanium elements too much under having avoided melting welding condition and the combination of ferro element, the growing up of crystal grain, again can by alloys producing in powder, the segregation suppress the counterdiffusion between brittlement phase forming element, improving brittlement phase plasticity and toughness, reduce alloying component to greatest extent, eliminates thick, uneven cast sturcture.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Gradient joint is V-Cu base graded alloy, and wherein vanadium metal and copper metal are main component.Titanium or its alloy adopt TC4 titanium alloy block, stainless steel adopts 316L stainless steel block, and TC4 titanium alloy block, 316L stainless steel block change in gradient with the coefficient of expansion of V-Cu base graded alloy and mate.In order to make V-Cu base graded alloy two ends and TC4 titanium alloy block, 316L stainless steel block connectivity good, the mixed-powder that V-Cu base graded alloy is mated according to the coefficient of expansion gradient that different proportion mixes by various metals powder forms, be set to according to Gradient: C1+C2+C3, wherein C1 mixed-powder is connected with TC4 titanium alloy block side, C3 mixed-powder is connected with 316L stainless steel block side, and C1 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 53.0%, copper 32.0%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%; C2 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 28.0%, copper 57.0%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%; C3 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 13.0%, copper 72.0%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%.
The empirical equation of calculating polycrystal, heterogeneous body or composite bodies average coefficient of linear expansion that the calculating that above-mentioned mixed-powder coefficient of expansion gradient is mated adopts Turner to propose after model analysis.The Molded Line coefficient of expansion according to calculating gained 20 DEG C-100 DEG C is C1:11.51X10
-6.K
-1, C2:13.0X10
-6.K
-1, C3:14.7X10
-6.K
-1, TC420 DEG C of-100 DEG C of linear expansion coefficients are 7.89X10
-6.K
-1, 316L20 DEG C of-100 DEG C of linear expansion coefficients are 16X10
-6.K
-1.
By TC4 titanium alloy block, the advanced row mechanical grinding of 316L stainless steel block, rust cleaning, abatement processes.
Gradient powder C1, C2, C3 of mixed-powder first carry out ball-milling treatment, and step is: other each gradient powder first except low-melting-point metal aluminium carries out ball milling mixing, and ball material mass ratio is 10:1, and rotating speed is 200r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 6h; Secondly mechanical uniform mixing is carried out after adding low-melting-point metal aluminium in each gradient powder.
By TC4 titanium alloy block, mixed-powder, 316L stainless steel block is put in the hollow tube-shape mould that ISO-63 graphite rod processes according to gradient relation successively, the die cavity bore shape size of precompressed pressure head used in the present invention and mould matches, and end face is smooth, when powder is die-filling, first fill TC4 titanium alloy block, add C1 mixed-powder successively again, C2 mixed-powder, C3 mixed-powder, and often add mixed once powder and need carry out a precharge, finally add 316L stainless steel block, pressure head is added a cover after precharge, carry out discharge plasma sintering sample preparation, sintering temperature is 900 DEG C, sintering pressure is 45MPa, temperature retention time is 15min.Gained sintered sample density is not less than 90%, and intensity is not less than 450MPa.
Embodiment 2
Gradient joint is V-Cu base graded alloy, and wherein vanadium metal and copper metal are main component.Titanium or its alloy adopt Ti metal dust, stainless steel to adopt 316L powder of stainless steel, and Ti metal dust, 316L powder of stainless steel change in gradient with the coefficient of expansion of V-Cu base graded alloy and mate.In order to make V-Cu base graded alloy two ends and Ti metal dust, 316L powder of stainless steel connectivity good, the mixed-powder that V-Cu base graded alloy is mated according to the coefficient of expansion gradient that different proportion mixes by various metals powder forms, be set to according to Gradient: C1+C2+C3, wherein C1 mixed-powder is connected with Ti metal dust side, C3 mixed-powder is connected with 316L powder of stainless steel side, and C1 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 60%, copper 25%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%; C2 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 35%, copper 50%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%; C3 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 20%, copper 65%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%.
The empirical equation of calculating polycrystal, heterogeneous body or composite bodies average coefficient of linear expansion that the calculating that above-mentioned mixed-powder coefficient of expansion gradient is mated adopts Turner to propose after model analysis.The Molded Line coefficient of expansion according to calculating gained 20 DEG C-100 DEG C is C1:9.8X10
-6.K
-1, C2:11.7X10
-6.K
-1, C3:13.5X10
-6.K
-1, Ti20 DEG C of-100 DEG C of linear expansion coefficients are 7.89X10
-6.K
-1, 316L20 DEG C of-100 DEG C of linear expansion coefficients are 16X10
-6.K
-1.
By Ti metal dust, 316L powder of stainless steel in advance by ball-milling treatment, ball material mass ratio is 10:1, and rotating speed is 200r/min Ball-milling Time is 6h.
Gradient powder C1, C2, C3 of mixed-powder first carry out ball-milling treatment, and step is: other each gradient powder first except low-melting-point metal aluminium carries out ball milling mixing, and ball material mass ratio is 10:1, and rotating speed is 200r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 6h; Secondly mechanical uniform mixing is carried out after adding low-melting-point metal aluminium in each gradient powder.
By Ti metal dust, mixed-powder, 316L powder of stainless steel is put in the hollow tube-shape mould that ISO-63 graphite rod processes according to gradient relation successively, the die cavity bore shape size of precompressed pressure head used in the present invention and mould matches, and end face is smooth, when powder is die-filling, first fill Ti metal dust, add C1 mixed-powder successively again, C2 mixed-powder, C3 mixed-powder, and often add mixed once powder and need carry out a precharge, finally add 316L piece of stainless steel powder, pressure head is added a cover after precharge, carry out discharge plasma sintering sample preparation, sintering temperature is 850 DEG C, sintering pressure is 40MPa, temperature retention time is 12min.。Gained sintered sample density is not less than 85%, and intensity is not less than 250MPa.
Embodiment 3
Gradient joint is V-Cu base graded alloy, and wherein vanadium metal and copper metal are main component.Titanium or its alloy adopt TC4 titanium alloy block, stainless steel adopts 304SS stainless steel block, and TC4 titanium alloy block, 304SS stainless steel block change in gradient with the coefficient of expansion of V-Cu base graded alloy and mate.In order to make V-Cu base graded alloy two ends and TC4 titanium alloy block, 304SS stainless steel block connectivity good, the mixed-powder that V-Cu base graded alloy is mated according to the coefficient of expansion gradient that different proportion mixes by various metals powder forms, be set to according to Gradient: C1+C2+C3, wherein C1 mixed-powder is connected with TC4 titanium alloy block side, C3 mixed-powder is connected with 316L stainless steel block side, and C1 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 53.0%, copper 32.0%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%; C2 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 28.0%, copper 57.0%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%; C3 mixed-powder composition is: nickel 5%, vanadium 13.0%, copper 72.0%, aluminium 5%, chromium 5%.
The empirical equation of calculating polycrystal, heterogeneous body or composite bodies average coefficient of linear expansion that the calculating that above-mentioned mixed-powder coefficient of expansion gradient is mated adopts Turner to propose after model analysis.The Molded Line coefficient of expansion according to calculating gained 20 DEG C-100 DEG C is C1:11.51X10
-6.K
-1, C2:13.0X10
-6.K
-1, C3:14.7X10
-6.K
-1, TC420 DEG C of-100 DEG C of linear expansion coefficients are 7.89X10
-6.K
-1, 316L20 DEG C of-100 DEG C of linear expansion coefficients are 16X10
-6.K
-1.
By TC4 titanium alloy block, the advanced row mechanical grinding of 304SS stainless steel block, rust cleaning, abatement processes.
Gradient powder C1, C2, C3 of mixed-powder first carry out ball-milling treatment, and step is: other each gradient powder first except low-melting-point metal aluminium carries out ball milling mixing, and ball material mass ratio is 10:1, and rotating speed is 200r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 6h; Secondly mechanical uniform mixing is carried out after adding low-melting-point metal aluminium in each gradient powder.
By TC4 titanium alloy block, mixed-powder, 304SS stainless steel block is put in the hollow tube-shape mould that ISO-63 graphite rod processes according to gradient relation successively, the die cavity bore shape size of precompressed pressure head used in the present invention and mould matches, and end face is smooth, when powder is die-filling, first fill TC4 titanium alloy block, add C1 mixed-powder successively again, C2 mixed-powder, C3 mixed-powder, and often add mixed once powder and need carry out a precharge, finally add 304SS stainless steel block, pressure head is added a cover after precharge, carry out discharge plasma sintering sample preparation, sintering temperature is 950 DEG C, sintering pressure is 45MPa, temperature retention time is 15min.Gained sintered sample density is not less than 98%, and intensity is not less than 300MPa.
Claims (7)
1. the method for attachment of titanium-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding, it is characterized in that first titanium or its alloy being placed in mould also precharge, secondly successively V-Cu base graded alloy powder C1, C2, C3 being placed in one by one mould also precharge, again stainless steel is placed in mould and precharge, finally mould being placed in agglomerating plant, to carry out discharge plasma sintering shaping, and wherein in C1, C2, C3 mixed-powder, the content of vanadium powder is 50% ~ 60%, 25% ~ 30%, 10% ~ 20% respectively; In C1, C2, C3, the content of copper powder is respectively 25% ~ 35%, 50% ~ 60%, 65% ~ 75%; In C1, C2, C3, the content of nickel, aluminium, chromium metal dust is 3% ~ 10%, C1, C2, C3 coefficient of expansion is respectively: 9.5 ~ 10.5X10
-6.K
-1, 11.5 ~ 12.5X10
-6.K
-1, 13.5 ~ 14.3X10
-6.K
-1.
2. the method for attachment of titanium according to claim 1-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding, it is characterized in that in described discharge plasma sintering process, sintering temperature is 825 DEG C-950 DEG C, sintering pressure is 40-50MPa, and temperature retention time is 10-15min.
3. the method for attachment of titanium according to claim 1-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding, is characterized in that described titanium or its alloy, stainless steel is block or powder.
4. the method for attachment of the titanium according to claim 1 or 3-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding, is characterized in that described titanium or its alloy, V-Cu base graded alloy powder and powder of stainless steel granularity are between 300 orders to 500 orders.
5. the method for attachment of the titanium according to claim 1 or 3-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding, it is characterized in that described titanium or its alloy and powder of stainless steel are all through ball-milling treatment, ball material mass ratio is 10:1, and rotating speed is 200r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 6h.
6. the method for attachment of titanium according to claim 1-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding, to it is characterized in that in described V-Cu base graded alloy powder that other each metal dust is all through ball-milling treatment except metal powder with low melting point aluminium, ball material mass ratio is 10:1, rotating speed is 200r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 6h.
7. the method for attachment of titanium according to claim 1-steel dissimilar metal sintering/welding, is characterized in that the hollow tube-shape that described mould employing ISO-63 graphite rod processes.
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| TWI542729B (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2016-07-21 | 旭德科技股份有限公司 | Circuit board and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN108097957B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-06-30 | 江苏烁石焊接科技有限公司 | Preparation method of soft network segmentation and gradient component titanium/steel transition joint |
| CN108405866B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-09-11 | 南京理工大学 | Soft network segmentation and gradient component titanium/steel transition joint structure |
| CN108714773B (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-12-27 | 大连理工大学 | Additive manufacturing method for heterogeneous metal stamping die |
| CN109226918B (en) * | 2018-09-01 | 2020-12-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Pulse coordination control-based arc brazing device and method for plasma shunt consumable electrode of titanium/steel dissimilar metal |
| CN109317794B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2020-09-04 | 安徽工业大学 | Powder-filled plasma welding method for titanium alloy and stainless steel |
| CN111151880A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-15 | 安徽工业大学 | Gradient transition connection method for depositing steel/titanium dissimilar metal based on laser synchronous preheating |
| CN111673239B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2022-07-05 | 西安理工大学 | Copper/steel composite material connecting method for preset joint |
| CN111560552B (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2021-08-06 | 苏州大学 | CrCuV solid solution for heterojunction and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113118447A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-07-16 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Titanium-steel dissimilar metal hybrid connection method |
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| CN101342634A (en) * | 2008-08-25 | 2009-01-14 | 洛阳双瑞金属复合材料有限公司 | Explosive cladding welding method for titanium-steel composite board soldering joint |
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| CN102407408A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-04-11 | 南京工业大学 | Welding junction suitable for welding dissimilar metal materials and preparation method thereof |
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