CN108714773B - Additive manufacturing method for heterogeneous metal stamping die - Google Patents

Additive manufacturing method for heterogeneous metal stamping die Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108714773B
CN108714773B CN201810515460.6A CN201810515460A CN108714773B CN 108714773 B CN108714773 B CN 108714773B CN 201810515460 A CN201810515460 A CN 201810515460A CN 108714773 B CN108714773 B CN 108714773B
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die
zinc alloy
copper
steel
stamping die
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CN108714773A (en
Inventor
任大鑫
刘黎明
赵坤民
宋刚
常颖
张兆栋
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/24—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/007—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B23K9/042—Built-up welding on planar surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/20—Tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention provides a material increase manufacturing method of a heterogeneous metal stamping die, which adopts a layer-by-layer transition method of different material increase technologies to manufacture the heterogeneous metal stamping die consisting of zinc alloy and steel. Firstly, manufacturing a main body of a zinc alloy stamping die by adopting a casting and machining method, wherein a stamping round angle is not manufactured and formed, and a platform with a preset size is reserved; then, pure copper or copper alloy with a certain thickness is accumulated at the platform by adopting a spraying method to form a zinc matrix-copper layer structure; and finally, performing deposition and accumulation on the copper surface to manufacture the basic shape of the round corner of the die, and then performing fine finishing and polishing to form the final dissimilar metal stamping die. The die manufactured by the method forms a structure of a local zinc alloy matrix-copper layer-steel fillet, so that the main body of the die is zinc alloy with low cost and light weight, and the fillet is made of steel with high hardness and good wear resistance, thereby improving the performance of the die.

Description

Additive manufacturing method for heterogeneous metal stamping die
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to an additive manufacturing method for a heterogeneous metal stamping die.
Background
The zinc alloy mold is a simple mold made of high-strength zinc alloy materials by a processing method such as casting or extrusion. The formed part of the zinc alloy die is made by casting or plastic processing method, which saves the processing procedure and does not need heat treatment compared with the manufacture of common steel die. Therefore, the method has the characteristics of simple molding process, short period and low cost. However, compared with a common steel die, the zinc alloy has low strength, is easy to wear at the stamping corners due to large acting force, and has short service life.
The additive manufacturing technology is a manufacturing technology for manufacturing solid objects by stacking special metal materials, non-metal materials and medical biomaterials layer by layer in modes of extrusion, sintering, melting, photocuring, spraying and the like through software and a numerical control system based on a discrete-stacking principle. The additive manufacturing technology can shorten the manufacturing period of the die, and particularly for the zinc alloy die, if a steel structure can be manufactured at the corners by adopting an additive manufacturing method to form a heterogeneous material die, the advantages of low cost and short period of the zinc alloy die can be realized, and the service time of the die can be effectively prolonged.
However, the melting point of zinc alloy is only about 400 ℃, the melting point of steel is as high as about 1500 ℃, and if additive manufacturing is directly performed on the zinc alloy by using methods such as laser, electric arc and the like, the heat source and the liquid steel can rapidly liquefy and gasify zinc, so that efficient manufacturing cannot be realized. How to manufacture a heterogeneous metal mold of a zinc alloy-steel structure becomes a problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the problem that the heterogeneous metal die made of the zinc alloy and the steel is difficult to perform additive manufacturing, the additive manufacturing method of the heterogeneous metal stamping die is provided. The invention mainly adopts different additive technologies to realize the manufacturing by a layer-by-layer transition method, the main body of the die is a zinc alloy matrix, the round angle of the die which is subjected to more impact wear in the stamping process is made of steel material, and the heterogeneous metal stamping die with the zinc alloy matrix-copper layer-steel round angle structure is manufactured, so that the advantages of low cost and short period of the zinc alloy die can be realized, and the service life of the die can be effectively prolonged.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
the additive manufacturing method of the dissimilar metal stamping die is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a stamping die with a zinc alloy matrix as a main body by adopting a casting and machining method, not manufacturing and forming at a stamping round corner, reserving a platform with a preset size, and waiting for processing;
s2, depositing pure copper or copper alloy within 2mm on the platform prepared in the step S1 by adopting a spraying method to form a zinc alloy matrix-copper layer structure;
and S3, performing deposition and accumulation on the surface of the copper layer by adopting laser or electric arc, manufacturing a basic shape at a stamping fillet of the die, forming a structure of a local zinc alloy matrix-copper layer-steel fillet, and finally finishing and polishing according to the size of the die to form the final stamping die.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. and selecting transition layer metal to realize the connection of the zinc alloy matrix and the steel fillet. The zinc alloy die has low cost and short service life; the steel fillet is directly manufactured on the zinc alloy substrate in an additive mode, and the low-melting-point of the zinc alloy cannot be realized, so that transition layer metal is needed to realize the combination of the zinc alloy and the zinc alloy.
2. Selecting pure copper or copper alloy as transition layer metal for manufacturing the heterogeneous die. Brass, i.e. copper-zinc alloy, is a widely used material in industry, so that pure copper or copper alloy is used as transition metal to realize good combination with zinc alloy matrix; the copper and the steel have good metallurgical bonding performance, and the welding strength of the copper and the steel can reach the copper alloy base metal. The two points are combined, and the transition metal is selected as the transition metal.
3. And selecting a spraying process as a preparation process of the copper alloy transition layer. Because the melting point of zinc is extremely low, the transition layer is prepared by adopting the traditional additive manufacturing method (such as laser, electron beam, electric arc deposition and other methods) at present, a large amount of zinc is melted and gasified due to overhigh heat, and the damage of a heat source to a zinc matrix can be reduced as much as possible by selecting a spraying process.
4. And controlling a steel fillet deposition process. The spraying process has low heat, a mechanical combination or mechanical-metallurgical mixed combination mode is adopted between the copper or copper alloy and the zinc matrix, and meanwhile, air holes exist in the spraying layer and the micro-layer is not combined. When heat sources such as laser and electric arc are adopted for steel fillet deposition, the parameters of the method are required to be accurately controlled and are easy to realize: metallurgical bonding between the copper alloy and the zinc matrix, defect elimination in a copper alloy transition layer, and high-strength connection between the copper alloy and a steel fillet.
For the reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the technical field of additive manufacturing between zinc alloy and steel.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the manufacturing method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a hardness distribution diagram of a heterogeneous metal stamping die manufactured by the manufacturing method of the invention.
FIG. 3 is an interface topography of a dissimilar metal stamping die manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a zinc alloy matrix; 2. a pure copper or copper alloy layer; 3. and (5) steel fillets.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a heterogeneous metal stamping die by additive materials, which adopts a layer-by-layer transition method of different additive materials to manufacture a zinc alloy substrate and a steel fillet to form the heterogeneous metal stamping die. S1, manufacturing a stamping die with the zinc alloy matrix 1 as a main body by adopting a casting and machining method, wherein the stamping round corners are not manufactured and formed at first, and a platform with a preset size is reserved for processing; s2, depositing a pure copper layer or a copper alloy layer 2 with a certain thickness on the platform by adopting a spraying method to form a zinc alloy matrix 1-copper layer structure; and S3, performing deposition and accumulation on the copper surface by adopting heat sources such as laser, electric arc and the like to manufacture the basic shape of the fillet of the die, forming the structure of the local zinc alloy matrix-copper layer-steel fillet 3, and then finishing and polishing according to the size of the die to form the final dissimilar metal stamping die. The die manufactured by the method forms a structure of a local zinc alloy matrix-copper layer-steel fillet, so that the main body of the die is zinc alloy with low cost and light weight, and the fillet is made of steel with high hardness and good wear resistance, thereby improving the performance of the die.
Example 1
Adopt 1 casting shaping stamping die main part of zinc alloy base member, wherein corresponding platform is reserved to punching press atress position fillet, adopts electric arc spraying technique to carry out the spraying pure copper in the platform department of reserving, obtains the pure copper layer 2 that thickness is 1mm, adopts electric arc fuse technique to pile up the mould steel on pure copper layer 2 layer by layer, realizes the primary forming of steel fillet 3, utilizes means such as machining to refine at last, can produce heterogeneous metal stamping die.
Example 2
Adopt 1 casting shaping stamping die main part of zinc alloy base member, wherein corresponding platform is reserved to punching press atress position fillet, adopts electric arc spraying technique to carry out the spraying brass in the platform department of reserving, obtains the brass layer 2 that thickness is 0.2mm, adopts laser to pile up the mould steel on brass layer 2 layer by layer, realizes the primary forming of steel fillet 3, utilizes means such as machining to refine at last, can produce heterogeneous metal stamping die.
As shown in fig. 2, the hardness distribution of the heterogeneous metal stamping die is: the hardness of the cast zinc alloy matrix is low, the Vickers hardness is only about 50HV, and the wear resistance is poor. After the zinc alloy matrix round corners are formed by depositing alloy steel through an additive manufacturing technology, a high-hardness martensite structure is formed under the condition of rapid cooling, the hardness is improved to be more than 300HV, and the service life of the punching grinding tool is effectively prolonged.
As shown in fig. 3, the interface morphology of the heterogeneous metal stamping die is as follows: the melting point difference between the zinc alloy matrix and the alloy steel is large, and a heterostructure cannot be formed by an additive manufacturing technology. The invention firstly prefabricates a pure copper or copper alloy spraying layer on the surface of a zinc alloy substrate, then carries out electric arc or laser additive manufacturing on alloy steel, realizes metallurgical bonding between zinc and steel by forming an interface transition area, and manufactures a dissimilar metal stamping die by an additive manufacturing technology.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The additive manufacturing method of the dissimilar metal stamping die is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a stamping die with a zinc alloy matrix as a main body by adopting a casting and machining method, not manufacturing and forming at a stamping round corner, reserving a platform with a preset size, and waiting for processing;
s2, depositing pure copper or copper alloy within 2mm on the platform prepared in the step S1 by adopting a spraying method to form a zinc alloy matrix-copper layer structure;
s3, depositing and accumulating the die steel on the surface of the copper layer by adopting laser or electric arc to manufacture the basic shape of the die stamping round corner, forming the structure of the local zinc alloy matrix-copper layer-steel round corner, and finally finishing and polishing according to the size of the die to form the final stamping die.
CN201810515460.6A 2018-05-25 2018-05-25 Additive manufacturing method for heterogeneous metal stamping die Active CN108714773B (en)

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CN111889990B (en) * 2020-06-24 2021-05-04 如皋市宏茂铸钢有限公司 Thermal fatigue resistant high-performance hot work die steel and manufacturing process thereof

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US5590454A (en) * 1994-12-21 1997-01-07 Richardson; Kendrick E. Method and apparatus for producing parts by layered subtractive machine tool techniques
CN1063990C (en) * 1996-11-01 2001-04-04 昆明贵金属研究所 Manufacture of zinc-based alloy die
CN103480846B (en) * 2013-09-30 2015-06-24 南京理工大学 Connecting method for sintering/welding titanium-steel dissimilar metal
CN106694872A (en) * 2016-11-18 2017-05-24 华中科技大学 Compound additional material manufacturing method applicable to parts and dies
CN107030457A (en) * 2017-05-12 2017-08-11 浙江工贸职业技术学院 A kind of Zinc alloy die manufacturing process

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