US6360937B1 - Friction stir welding - Google Patents
Friction stir welding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6360937B1 US6360937B1 US09/559,487 US55948700A US6360937B1 US 6360937 B1 US6360937 B1 US 6360937B1 US 55948700 A US55948700 A US 55948700A US 6360937 B1 US6360937 B1 US 6360937B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- mandrel
- elements
- parts
- heat
- frictional heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004023 plastic welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002470 thermal conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
- B23K20/1235—Controlling or monitoring the welding process with temperature control during joining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/126—Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Elements to be joined to one another are clamped such that parts thereof which face one another and are to be joined are immovable with respect to one another. A mandrel is brought into contact with the parts in the region of a joint to be produced. The mandrel is cyclically moved with respect to the elements such that frictional heat is generated and the parts are brought into a plastic state. The distribution of frictional heat is influenced in at least one of the elements such that the frictional heat is essentially concentrated in the parts of the at least one element which have been brought into the plastic state. The parts brought into the plastic stat are allowed to cool in order to form the joint.
Description
The invention relates to the field of friction stir welding (FSW). With this technique elements are joined to one another by means of a mandrel which is rotating or is movable back and forth and which is moved over the boundary surface of the elements. Frictional heat is generated as a result of the interaction between the cyclically moving mandrel and said elements. This frictional heat is dependent on, inter alia, the contact force and the tracking speed of the mandrel.
The characteristic feature of friction stir welding is that no melting of the elements to be joined takes place. A soft, plastic welding zone is formed which is forged under the influence of the cyclic movements of the mandrel.
This joining technique has the advantage that the joint has a high strength which is appreciably higher than the strength obtained with fusion welding such as TIG (tungsten inert gas) and MIG (metal inert gas) welding.
A further advantage is that it is possible to join together alloys and combinations of materials for which the conventional welding techniques are unsuitable. The alloys of the 2000 series (AlCuMg), 6000 series (AlMgSi), and 7000 series (AlZnMgCu) used in the air freight and aerospace industries may be mentioned as an example.
For such materials use must be made of other joining techniques, such as riveting or gluing. However, each of these techniques has drawbacks, such as fatigue problems and relatively high production costs.
EP-B 0 615 480 discloses a method for joining elements by means of friction stir welding. The elements are brought into the plastic state by the moving mandrel, after which hardening commences and the joint is produced.
With friction stir welding, it must be possible to control the heat balance in a desired manner for the purpose of obtaining the plastic state of the elements and maintaining this state for a specific period, which period is needed in order to obtain mixing of the plastic components.
In this respect the invention provides an improved method for joining elements to one another by means of friction stir welding, comprising the following steps:
clamping the elements such that the parts thereof which face one another and are to be joined are immovable with respect to one another,
bringing a mandrel into contact with said parts in the region of the joint to be produced,
cyclic movement of the mandrel with respect to the elements such that frictional heat is generated and the parts are brought into the plastic state,
influencing the distribution of frictional heat in at least one of said elements such that the frictional heat is essentially concentrated in the parts of said at least one element which have been brought into the plastic state, and
allowing the parts brought into the plastic state to cool in order to form the joint.
Especially in the case of metal elements, which have good conductivity in respect of heat and consequently rapidly lose heat, it is important to concentrate the heat as far as possible at the location of the joint. By this means the plastic state can be achieved more rapidly. Moreover, the cyclic movement of the mandrel can be less intensive, whilst nevertheless an appreciable tracking speed remains possible.
As a result the production speed can be higher without an excessively large amount of energy having to be supplied.
The method according to the invention can comprise the step for bringing at least one element into contact with an insulator which has a lower coefficient of thermal conductivity than the elements. Preferably, the major proportion of the surface of the element is brought into contact with the insulator.
In combination with restricting the dissipation of heat in certain regions of the elements, accelerated dissipation of heat in other regions can be desirable. To this end the method according to the invention can comprise the step for bringing at least one element into contact with a heat conductor which has at least the same coefficient of thermal conductivity as said element.
As a consequence of these measures a good resultant joint can be obtained if a rotary mandrel which has a circumferential speed of at most 37 m/min and preferably in the region of 20-31 m/min is used.
The mandrel can be moved relative to the parts with a tracking speed of at least 400 mm/min.
A mandrel which has an external surface made of ceramic material can also be used. The ceramic material can influence the thermal insulation and the generation of frictional heat in a desirable manner.
Such a mandrel can have been coated with a zirconium oxide or with an aluminium oxide.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to set-ups shown in the figures for carrying out the method according to the invention.
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of one set-up.
FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of another set-up.
FIG. 3 shows a product with test strips.
FIG. 4 is a bar chart of the ultimate tensile stresses in respect of the test strips in FIG. 3.
The set-up shown in FIG. 1 for butt welding of elements to one another has a bed 1 of a machine tool. Said bed 1 has a sole plate 2 made of a relatively thermally insulating material. Said sole plate 2 can, for example, be made of stainless steel or of titanium.
The strips 3, 4 of an aluminium alloy to be joined to one another are clamped on said sole plate 2 by means of the clamping jaws 5, 6 mounted on the bed 1 and clamping bars 7, 8. Said clamping bars 7, 8 press the strips 3, 4 firmly in contact with the sole plate 2 and also play a role in the heat balance during friction stir welding. They can, for example, be made of a material which is a relatively good thermal conductor, such that the strips 3, 4, and in particular those parts located some distance away from the weld, do not become too hot.
Those edges of the strips 3, 4 which face one another are brought into the plastic state by means of the rotary tool 9 with the mandrel 10 (see also FIG. 2) and the material of the strips is mixed by the rotary movement of the mandrel 10. After the material of the strips 3, 4 which has been mixed in this way has cooled the joint is complete.
The set-up shown in FIG. 2 is suitable for the production of a T construction by friction stir welding. For this purpose the vertical leg 3 of the T is accommodated in a recess 11 between two aluminium support blocks 18, 19, each of which is fixed to the bed 1.
The recess 11 in the aluminium blocks 18, 19 is lined with stainless steel strips 2, which have an insulating effect. As a result the heat produced during friction stir welding can remain concentrated in the region of the weld 12.
The horizontal arm 4 of the T is pressed firmly onto the vertical leg 3 by means of clamping bars 7, 8, so that by use of the mandrel good mixing of the material which has been rendered plastic can be obtained.
The clamping bars 7, 8 are preferably made of copper and provide for removal of heat. The combined effect of the stainless steel insulators 2 and of the copper conductors 7, 8 provides the desired heat balance in the region of the weld 12.
The results for a number of test pieces which have been joined to one another by means of the friction stir welding method described above are shown in the chart in FIG. 4. In total four test strips 14-17 were taken from a sample as shown in FIG. 3. Said sample comprises two plates 3, 4 attached to one another by means of the friction stir weld 13, which were then sawn into test pieces.
FIG. 4 shows the results for a total of 32 test pieces, that is to say four test strips with eight samples from each. An ultimate tensile stress of approximately 450 MPa was determined for virtually all test pieces.
Claims (12)
1. Method for joining elements to one another by means of friction stir welding, comprising the following steps:
clamping the elements such that parts thereof which face one another and are to be joined are immovable with respect to one another,
bringing a mandrel into contact with the parts in the region of a joint to be produced,
cyclically moving the mandrel with respect to the elements such that frictional heat is generated and the parts are brought into a plastic state,
limiting the distribution of frictional heat in at least one of the elements such that the frictional heat is concentrated in and localized to the parts of the at least one element which have been brought into the plastic state, wherein the step of limiting the distribution of frictional heat comprises bringing at least one element into contact with a static insulator which has a lower coefficient of thermal conductivity than the element, and
allowing the parts brought into the plastic state to cool in order to form the joint.
2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the major proportion of the surface of at least one element is brought into contact with the insulator.
3. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of limiting the distribution of frictional heat further comprises bringing at least one element into contact with a heat conductor which has at least the same coefficient of thermal conductivity as the element, the heat conductor acting as a heat sink to reduce the heat distributed away from a localized area.
4. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the mandrel comprises a rotary mandrel having a speed of revolution of at most 600 revolutions per minute.
5. Method according to claim 4 , wherein the speed of rotation is in the range of 400-500 revolutions per minute.
6. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the mandrel comprises a rotary mandrel having a circumferential speed of at most 37 m/min.
7. Method according to claim 6 , wherein the circumferential speed is in the range of 20-31 m/min.
8. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the mandrel moves relative to the parts at a tracking speed of at least 400 mm/min.
9. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of limiting the distribution of frictional heat further comprises providing the mandrel with an external surface made of ceramic material.
10. Method according to claim 9 , wherein the ceramic material comprises zirconium oxide.
11. Method according to claim 9 , wherein the ceramic material comprises aluminium oxide.
12. A method of friction stir welding two elements together, comprising the steps of:
clamping the two elements in a fixed relation to one another on top of a stationary lower heat conduction means;
heating a joint region with a mandrel to bring the joint region into a plastic state; and
a step for providing on an upper surface of each of the two elements a heat conduction means so as to provide two facing static heat conduction means for limiting the distribution of the frictional heat to be localized at the joint region restricted in areas apart from the joint region.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1011908A NL1011908C1 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 1999-04-27 | Friction stir welding. |
NL1011908 | 1999-04-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6360937B1 true US6360937B1 (en) | 2002-03-26 |
Family
ID=19769098
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/559,487 Expired - Fee Related US6360937B1 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 2000-04-27 | Friction stir welding |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6360937B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1048390B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE290937T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60018632T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2237383T3 (en) |
NL (1) | NL1011908C1 (en) |
Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6601751B2 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2003-08-05 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Method and apparatus for joining |
US20050045694A1 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-03 | Subramanian Pazhayannur Ramanathan | Friction stir welding apparatus and associated thermal management systems and methods |
US20050145678A1 (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2005-07-07 | Kotoyoshi Murakami | Method and device for friction agitation welding |
US20060231594A1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2006-10-19 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd., | Method for friction stir welding, jig therefor, member with friction stir-welded portion, and tool for friction stir welding |
US20060289604A1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2006-12-28 | Gkss-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh | Friction stir welding appparatus |
US20070057015A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-03-15 | Kevin Colligan | Tapered friction stir welding and processing tool |
US20070068993A1 (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-03-29 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Frictional spot joining method and frictional spot joining apparatus |
US20080099533A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-01 | General Electric | Method for controlling microstructure via thermally managed solid state joining |
US20100001043A1 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2010-01-07 | Hino Motors, Ltd. | Method and structure for joining members |
US20100012706A1 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2010-01-21 | Hino Motors, Ltd. | Method and structure for joining members |
EP2233238A1 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-29 | Eurocopter | Method of friction stir welding between metallic workpieces, with control of welding temperature using a unique thermally conductive sheet |
US20100285207A1 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2010-11-11 | Kevin Creehan | Friction Stir Fabrication |
US8164021B1 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2012-04-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Electrically assisted friction stir welding |
US8397974B2 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2013-03-19 | Aeroprobe Corporation | Self-reacting friction stir welding tool with the ability to add filler material |
US20130206819A1 (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2013-08-15 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Process for connecting two aircraft fuselage segments by means of friction twist welding |
US8632850B2 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2014-01-21 | Schultz-Creehan Holdings, Inc. | Friction fabrication tools |
US8678268B1 (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2014-03-25 | Fluor Technologies Corporation | Friction stir welding using a sacrificial anvil |
US8875976B2 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2014-11-04 | Aeroprobe Corporation | System for continuous feeding of filler material for friction stir welding, processing and fabrication |
US20150115019A1 (en) * | 2012-04-30 | 2015-04-30 | Universite Catholique De Louvain | Method for Welding at Least Two Layers |
US9266191B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2016-02-23 | Aeroprobe Corporation | Fabrication of monolithic stiffening ribs on metallic sheets |
US9511445B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-12-06 | Aeroprobe Corporation | Solid state joining using additive friction stir processing |
US9511446B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-12-06 | Aeroprobe Corporation | In-situ interlocking of metals using additive friction stir processing |
US20170014939A1 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2017-01-19 | Ihi Corporation | Workpiece securing device for friction stir welding device |
US20180050419A1 (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2018-02-22 | Novelis Inc. | Components and systems for friction stir welding and related processes |
US11311959B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2022-04-26 | MELD Manufacturing Corporation | Solid-state additive manufacturing system and material compositions and structures |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3070735B2 (en) | 1997-07-23 | 2000-07-31 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Friction stir welding method |
US6237835B1 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2001-05-29 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for backing up a friction stir weld joint |
EP1345729B1 (en) | 2000-05-08 | 2008-07-09 | Brigham Young University | Friction stir welding using a superabrasive tool |
EP1372899B1 (en) | 2001-03-29 | 2005-10-26 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Joining method and apparatus using frictional agitation |
US6732901B2 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2004-05-11 | Brigham Young University Technology Transfer Office | Anvil for friction stir welding high temperature materials |
US6910616B2 (en) | 2002-03-07 | 2005-06-28 | The Boeing Company | Preforms for forming machined structural assemblies |
US6779708B2 (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2004-08-24 | The Boeing Company | Joining structural members by friction welding |
CA2514913C (en) | 2003-01-30 | 2014-11-18 | Smith International, Inc. | Out-of-position friction stir welding of high melting temperature alloys |
US7530486B2 (en) | 2003-05-05 | 2009-05-12 | Sii Megadiamond, Inc. | Applications of friction stir welding using a superabrasive tool |
JP4916879B2 (en) | 2003-08-04 | 2012-04-18 | エスアイアイ・メガダイアモンド・インコーポレーテッド | Crack repair system and method using friction stir welding for materials including metal matrix composites, ferrous alloys, non-ferrous alloys, and superalloys |
US7128948B2 (en) | 2003-10-20 | 2006-10-31 | The Boeing Company | Sprayed preforms for forming structural members |
US7225967B2 (en) | 2003-12-16 | 2007-06-05 | The Boeing Company | Structural assemblies and preforms therefor formed by linear friction welding |
US7398911B2 (en) | 2003-12-16 | 2008-07-15 | The Boeing Company | Structural assemblies and preforms therefor formed by friction welding |
WO2005094274A2 (en) | 2004-03-24 | 2005-10-13 | Smith International, Inc. | Solid state processing of hand-held knife blades to improve blade performance |
US20100078224A1 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2010-04-01 | Smith International, Inc. | Ball hole welding using the friction stir welding (fsw) process |
EP1796865B1 (en) | 2004-10-05 | 2012-06-06 | Smith International, Inc. | Expandable mandrel for use in friction stir welding |
US8056797B2 (en) | 2005-10-05 | 2011-11-15 | Megastir Technologies | Expandable mandrel for use in friction stir welding |
US8550326B2 (en) | 2005-10-05 | 2013-10-08 | Megastir Technologies Llc | Expandable mandrel for use in friction stir welding |
CA2779075C (en) | 2009-11-02 | 2016-05-10 | Megastir Technologies Llc | Out of position friction stir welding of casing and small diameter tubing or pipe |
Citations (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB572789A (en) | 1941-10-17 | 1945-10-24 | Hans Klopstock | An improved method of joining or welding metals |
US4144110A (en) | 1969-06-05 | 1979-03-13 | Jane Luc | Dynamic friction bonding process |
JPS57149082A (en) | 1981-03-10 | 1982-09-14 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Friction pressure welding method |
JPS61176484A (en) | 1985-01-31 | 1986-08-08 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Joining method of metallic plate |
SU1362593A2 (en) | 1986-08-04 | 1987-12-30 | Днепропетровский Трубопрокатный Завод Им.В.И.Ленина | Method of producing longitudinal welded tubes |
SU1433522A1 (en) | 1987-03-09 | 1988-10-30 | Днепропетровский Металлургический Институт Им.Л.И.Брежнева | Apparatus for friction of longitudinal welding tubes |
WO1993010935A1 (en) | 1991-12-06 | 1993-06-10 | The Welding Institute | Improvements relating to friction welding |
WO1995026254A1 (en) | 1994-03-28 | 1995-10-05 | The Welding Institute | Friction stir welding |
EP0810056A2 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1997-12-03 | The Boeing Company | Friction stir welding with simultaneous cooling |
US5794835A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1998-08-18 | The Boeing Company | Friction stir welding |
US5829664A (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-11-03 | Aluminum Company Of America | Resistance heated stir welding |
US5975406A (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 1999-11-02 | The Boeing Company | Method to repair voids in aluminum alloys |
US6045028A (en) * | 1998-07-17 | 2000-04-04 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Integral corrosion protection of friction-welded joints |
US6068178A (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2000-05-30 | Showa Aluminum Corporation | Friction agitation joining method and friction agitation joining device |
US6070784A (en) * | 1998-07-08 | 2000-06-06 | The Boeing Company | Contact backup roller approach to FSW process |
US6102636A (en) * | 1996-05-21 | 2000-08-15 | Geise; Samuel C. | Hydraulically powered spindle for working metals and composite materials |
US6168066B1 (en) * | 1999-04-21 | 2001-01-02 | Lockheed Martin Corp. | Friction stir conduction controller |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4431989A1 (en) * | 1994-09-08 | 1996-03-14 | Opel Adam Ag | Welding machine for joining two thin metal sheets |
GB9625394D0 (en) * | 1996-12-06 | 1997-01-22 | Lead Sheet Ass | Mobile friction welding apparatus |
-
1999
- 1999-04-27 NL NL1011908A patent/NL1011908C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-04-27 EP EP00201607A patent/EP1048390B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-27 AT AT00201607T patent/ATE290937T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-27 ES ES00201607T patent/ES2237383T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-27 US US09/559,487 patent/US6360937B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-27 DE DE60018632T patent/DE60018632T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB572789A (en) | 1941-10-17 | 1945-10-24 | Hans Klopstock | An improved method of joining or welding metals |
US4144110A (en) | 1969-06-05 | 1979-03-13 | Jane Luc | Dynamic friction bonding process |
JPS57149082A (en) | 1981-03-10 | 1982-09-14 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Friction pressure welding method |
JPS61176484A (en) | 1985-01-31 | 1986-08-08 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Joining method of metallic plate |
SU1362593A2 (en) | 1986-08-04 | 1987-12-30 | Днепропетровский Трубопрокатный Завод Им.В.И.Ленина | Method of producing longitudinal welded tubes |
SU1433522A1 (en) | 1987-03-09 | 1988-10-30 | Днепропетровский Металлургический Институт Им.Л.И.Брежнева | Apparatus for friction of longitudinal welding tubes |
WO1993010935A1 (en) | 1991-12-06 | 1993-06-10 | The Welding Institute | Improvements relating to friction welding |
EP0615480A1 (en) | 1991-12-06 | 1994-09-21 | Welding Inst | Improvements relating to friction welding. |
US5460317A (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1995-10-24 | The Welding Institute | Friction welding |
US5460317B1 (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1997-12-09 | Welding Inst | Friction welding |
WO1995026254A1 (en) | 1994-03-28 | 1995-10-05 | The Welding Institute | Friction stir welding |
US6102636A (en) * | 1996-05-21 | 2000-08-15 | Geise; Samuel C. | Hydraulically powered spindle for working metals and composite materials |
EP0810056A2 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1997-12-03 | The Boeing Company | Friction stir welding with simultaneous cooling |
US5794835A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1998-08-18 | The Boeing Company | Friction stir welding |
US5829664A (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-11-03 | Aluminum Company Of America | Resistance heated stir welding |
US6068178A (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2000-05-30 | Showa Aluminum Corporation | Friction agitation joining method and friction agitation joining device |
US5975406A (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 1999-11-02 | The Boeing Company | Method to repair voids in aluminum alloys |
US6070784A (en) * | 1998-07-08 | 2000-06-06 | The Boeing Company | Contact backup roller approach to FSW process |
US6045028A (en) * | 1998-07-17 | 2000-04-04 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Integral corrosion protection of friction-welded joints |
US6168066B1 (en) * | 1999-04-21 | 2001-01-02 | Lockheed Martin Corp. | Friction stir conduction controller |
Cited By (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6601751B2 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2003-08-05 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Method and apparatus for joining |
US20050145678A1 (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2005-07-07 | Kotoyoshi Murakami | Method and device for friction agitation welding |
US20060163326A1 (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2006-07-27 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Method and device for friction agitation welding |
US7367487B2 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2008-05-06 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Method for friction stir welding, jig therefor, member with friction stir-welded portion, and tool for friction stir welding |
US20060231594A1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2006-10-19 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd., | Method for friction stir welding, jig therefor, member with friction stir-welded portion, and tool for friction stir welding |
US20050045694A1 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-03 | Subramanian Pazhayannur Ramanathan | Friction stir welding apparatus and associated thermal management systems and methods |
US7121448B2 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2006-10-17 | General Electric Company | Friction stir welding apparatus and associated thermal management systems and methods |
US20060289604A1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2006-12-28 | Gkss-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh | Friction stir welding appparatus |
US20070057015A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-03-15 | Kevin Colligan | Tapered friction stir welding and processing tool |
US9205578B2 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2015-12-08 | Aeroprobe Corporation | Fabrication tools for exerting normal forces on feedstock |
US20100285207A1 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2010-11-11 | Kevin Creehan | Friction Stir Fabrication |
US8632850B2 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2014-01-21 | Schultz-Creehan Holdings, Inc. | Friction fabrication tools |
US9643279B2 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2017-05-09 | Aeroprobe Corporation | Fabrication tools for exerting normal forces on feedstock |
US8636194B2 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2014-01-28 | Schultz-Creehan Holdings, Inc. | Friction stir fabrication |
US8893954B2 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2014-11-25 | Aeroprobe Corporation | Friction stir fabrication |
US8397974B2 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2013-03-19 | Aeroprobe Corporation | Self-reacting friction stir welding tool with the ability to add filler material |
US8875976B2 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2014-11-04 | Aeroprobe Corporation | System for continuous feeding of filler material for friction stir welding, processing and fabrication |
US7703655B2 (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2010-04-27 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Frictional spot joining method and frictional spot joining apparatus |
US20070068993A1 (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-03-29 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Frictional spot joining method and frictional spot joining apparatus |
US20080099533A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-01 | General Electric | Method for controlling microstructure via thermally managed solid state joining |
US20100001043A1 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2010-01-07 | Hino Motors, Ltd. | Method and structure for joining members |
US7954692B2 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2011-06-07 | Hino Motors, Ltd. | Structure and method for joining members of structure via friction stir processing |
US20100012706A1 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2010-01-21 | Hino Motors, Ltd. | Method and structure for joining members |
US8164021B1 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2012-04-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Electrically assisted friction stir welding |
US20100243714A1 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-30 | Eurocopter | Method of assembling metal parts by friction welding, with the welding temperature being controlled using thermally conductive elements |
US8393519B2 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2013-03-12 | Eurocopter | Method of assembling metal parts by friction welding, with the welding temperature being controlled using thermally conductive elements |
FR2943566A1 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-10-01 | Eurocopter France | FRICTION WELDING METHOD BETWEEN METALLIC PARTS PROVIDING CONTROL OF WELDING TEMPERATURE FROM THERMALLY CONDUCTIVE ELEMENTS |
EP2233238A1 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-29 | Eurocopter | Method of friction stir welding between metallic workpieces, with control of welding temperature using a unique thermally conductive sheet |
US20130206819A1 (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2013-08-15 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Process for connecting two aircraft fuselage segments by means of friction twist welding |
US20150115019A1 (en) * | 2012-04-30 | 2015-04-30 | Universite Catholique De Louvain | Method for Welding at Least Two Layers |
US8827139B2 (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2014-09-09 | Fluor Technologies Corporation | Friction stir welding using a sacrificial anvil |
US8678268B1 (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2014-03-25 | Fluor Technologies Corporation | Friction stir welding using a sacrificial anvil |
US9266191B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2016-02-23 | Aeroprobe Corporation | Fabrication of monolithic stiffening ribs on metallic sheets |
US9862054B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2018-01-09 | Aeroprobe Corporation | Additive friction stir methods of repairing substrates |
US10500674B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2019-12-10 | MELD Manufacturing Corporation | Additive friction-stir fabrication system for forming substrates with ribs |
US20170014939A1 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2017-01-19 | Ihi Corporation | Workpiece securing device for friction stir welding device |
US9511445B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-12-06 | Aeroprobe Corporation | Solid state joining using additive friction stir processing |
US9511446B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-12-06 | Aeroprobe Corporation | In-situ interlocking of metals using additive friction stir processing |
US10105790B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2018-10-23 | Aeroprobe Corporation | Solid state joining using additive friction stir processing |
US10583631B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2020-03-10 | MELD Manufacturing Corporation | In-situ interlocking of metals using additive friction stir processing |
US20180050419A1 (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2018-02-22 | Novelis Inc. | Components and systems for friction stir welding and related processes |
US11311959B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2022-04-26 | MELD Manufacturing Corporation | Solid-state additive manufacturing system and material compositions and structures |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1048390A2 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
EP1048390A3 (en) | 2001-11-14 |
ES2237383T3 (en) | 2005-08-01 |
DE60018632T2 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
DE60018632D1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
ATE290937T1 (en) | 2005-04-15 |
EP1048390B1 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
NL1011908C1 (en) | 2000-10-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6360937B1 (en) | Friction stir welding | |
JP3619818B2 (en) | Friction stir weld joint strengthening method, structural assembly and manufacturing method thereof | |
EP1077787B1 (en) | Friction stir welding tool | |
US7431194B2 (en) | Joining structural members by friction welding | |
CA2285078C (en) | Method and apparatus for friction stir welding | |
US7225967B2 (en) | Structural assemblies and preforms therefor formed by linear friction welding | |
US7669750B2 (en) | Method for forming a preform for a structural assembly | |
AU2009200386B2 (en) | Device to join the faces of parts | |
CN108406084B (en) | Stirring head, friction stir welding device and method for processing magnesium-aluminum dissimilar alloy | |
US20200384569A1 (en) | Joining process for neutron absorbing materials | |
US3823299A (en) | Metallurgical bonding and forming processes and apparatus | |
JP2000301364A (en) | Rotation friction agitation joining method of dissimiliar metal material | |
US3851138A (en) | Diffusion bonding of butt joints | |
US5554240A (en) | Thermally conductive joining method and joint | |
US6641028B2 (en) | Friction filler welding | |
JPH09512748A (en) | Method and apparatus for welding thin sheets | |
CN102990218B (en) | Method for welding copper alloy and aluminum matrix composite | |
JPH1158040A (en) | Friction-stirring-joining method for different kind of metal-made works | |
CA1259474A (en) | Method of bonding dissimilar materials | |
Rossini et al. | Low Carbon Steel Plate Welding Using a CO 2 Laser Equipment | |
JPS61244466A (en) | Cemented base metal segment cutter |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FOKKER AEROSTRUCTURES B.V., NETHERLANDS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DE KONIG, ARIJ UDEN;REEL/FRAME:010758/0211 Effective date: 20000417 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
|
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20100326 |