CN111066967A - Special material for improving boar semen quality - Google Patents
Special material for improving boar semen quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN111066967A CN111066967A CN201911274865.6A CN201911274865A CN111066967A CN 111066967 A CN111066967 A CN 111066967A CN 201911274865 A CN201911274865 A CN 201911274865A CN 111066967 A CN111066967 A CN 111066967A
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- special material
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- feed
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- semen quality
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
Abstract
The invention discloses a special material for improving the quality of boar semen, wherein the digestion energy of the special material is 3100-3200kcal/kg, the digestible lysine is 0.75-0.8%, and the protein level is 15.5-16.5%. Protein concentration is correlated with sperm motility and is affected by protein levels. The level of digestive energy has a significant effect on sperm teratogenesis, and the level of protein also has a significant effect on teratogenesis. The scheme of the invention has obvious effects on improving the sperm motility, the deformity rate, the sperm amount and the density of the boars.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to a special feed for improving the quality of boar semen.
Background
Boars are important for the reproductive performance of a herd, and if boar semen quality is poor, the performance of the whole herd produced in a pig farm is extremely adversely affected. Boars are expensive, but due to small population scale, little attention is paid; meanwhile, the number of boars is small, the generation period of the semen is long, the influence factors are large, the test difficulty is high, and reports about influences of nutrition on the boar semen at home and abroad are few.
The general energy feed in the feed of the breeding boar accounts for about 60 percent, and over high energy feed can cause obesity, hyposexuality and incomplete sperm development; underlow affects spermatogenesis. Protein and amino acid are the material basis formed by sperms, have great influence on the volume and quality of semen and the service life of the sperms, and over-high and over-low of the protein and the amino acid can influence the activity, the aberration rate, the semen volume and the density of the sperms of the boars.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a special feed for improving the quality of boar semen in order to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the special material for improving the boar semen quality has the digestion energy of 3100-3200kcal/kg, the digestible lysine of 0.75-0.8 percent and the protein level of 15.5-16.5 percent.
It was found through studies that the level of digestive energy had a very significant effect on the number of effective sperm. Protein concentration is correlated with sperm motility and is affected by protein levels. The level of digestive energy has a significant effect on sperm teratogenesis, and the level of protein also has a significant effect on teratogenesis.
As further preferred, the specific feed has a digestibility of 3150kcal/kg, 0.8% digestible lysine, and a protein level of 16%.
Further, the special material is added with a mildew preventive.
Because the boar feed is usually used in a small amount, the boar feed is easy to cause mildewing and growth and reproduction of microorganisms due to long storage time, and in consideration of the actual production condition, a proper amount of mildew preventive is added, so that the nutrient loss caused by mildewing of the feed or poisoning caused by mycotoxin can be prevented.
Preferably, the composition and the addition amount of the mildew inhibitor are as follows: 0.15-0.3% of calcium propionate.
Preferably, the composition and the addition amount of the mildew inhibitor are as follows: 0.05-0.1% of propionic acid and 0.15-0.3% of calcium propionate. The addition amount of the mildew preventive is calculated by the percentage of the total amount of the feed.
The propionic acid is colorless liquid, has volatility, and is fully contacted with the surface of the feed, so that the bacteriostatic effect is uniform and good. Has low requirement on the mixing uniformity of the feed, low effective dosage and quick response. The disadvantage is that the thermal stability is not good, which is not good for long-term storage. The propionate has the advantages of non-volatility, high temperature resistance, no influence of components in the feed, low corrosivity, small irritation and suitability for continuous storage. Calcium propionate has strong bacteriostatic action and is safe to use, and mainly depends on free (-COOH) to destroy microbial cells or inactivate enzyme protein, so that the normal metabolism of the microorganisms is hindered.
Corn is the king of feed, has fragrant and sweet taste, good palatability and high energy, and is an important foundation for the development of animal husbandry. Approximately 65-70% of the world's corn is used as feed, and developed countries have up to 80%.
As some embodiments, the formula of the special material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
furthermore, the premix provides 35.0mg of manganese, 100.0mg of iron, 90.0mg of zinc, 10.0mg of copper, 0.3mg of iodine and 0.3mg of selenium per kilogram of feed, and the digestion energy is 13 kJ/kg.
Due to the rising price of corn, many large enterprises in China import a lot of barley and sorghum as energy raw materials to reduce the feed cost. Barley: the barley is rich in nutrition, has higher protein content, is also rich in dietary fiber, vitamins and mineral elements, has comprehensive indexes of nutritional ingredients meeting the requirements of modern people on nutrition, is a good energy feed for pigs, has slightly lower digestion energy content and slightly higher crude fiber compared with the corn, but has higher protein content, better quality and good texture. Sorghum: sorghum as an unconventional energy feed can partially replace the amount of corn used in the ration.
As some embodiments, the formula of the special material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
furthermore, the premix provides 35.0mg of manganese, 100.0mg of iron, 90.0mg of zinc, 10.0mg of copper, 0.3mg of iodine and 0.3mg of selenium per kilogram of feed, and the digestion energy is 13 kJ/kg.
Has the advantages that:
in the boar feed, the digestion capacity is 3100-3200kcal/kg, the digestible lysine is 0.75-0.8%, the protein level is 15.5-16.5%, and the boar feed has a remarkable effect of improving the boar semen quality. Meanwhile, considering that the boar feed is small in consumption and long in service time, the anti-mildew agent is additionally added to ensure the stability of the feed quality.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
First, test method
1 materials and methods
1.1 test animals
Test 1, adult large white boars in a new-boar farm of Huanongwenshi are selected as test animals, and the test animals are required to be healthy, and have the weight of 250-300 kg, the age of 15-20 months and the average age of 18 months; experiment 2 the adult large white boars in Shihe Huanong pig farm are selected as the experimental animals, and the animals are required to be healthy, the weight of the animals is 250-300 kg, the age of the animals is 15-20 months, and the average age of the animals is 18 months.
1.2 test reagents
Penicillin sodium (product batch number is 060620), streptomycin (product batch number is 060604), B.T.S diluent powder (Spanish pig diluent powder), distilled water and the like.
Test I, under the whole corn formula structure, the influence of treatment daily ration with different energy and amino acid levels on the boar semen quality is shown in the table 1. And (2) test II: under the structure of the barley and sorghum formula, the influence of different energy and amino acid levels on the boar semen quality is shown in the specific formula and the nutrition level in table 2.
1.3 test time
Setting a pre-test period of 2 weeks, feeding all boars with basic ration of a control group in the pre-test period, and setting a formal period of 90 days from 11 months and 20 days in 2015 to 2 months and 20 days in 20016 years in test 1; the trial 2 positive trial period ranged from 10 days 5/2016 to 10 days 8/2016 for a total of 90 days.
1.4 test design and daily ration
The test is divided into two parts: the first evaluation is that under the current whole corn formula structure, the influence of different energy and amino acid levels on the boar semen quality, and the second evaluation is that under the condition of no corn, the influence of different energy and amino acid levels on the boar semen quality is realized by using barley and sorghum as main energy raw materials. Each group of experiments adopts a random grouping method, and is randomly divided into 2 groups according to age and weight.
Test one:
different energy and amino acid levels are set, the influence on the boar semen quality is evaluated, and related nutrition levels and formula structures are shown in the following table
TABLE 1 formula structure for different nutritional levels
① A, preparing experimental diet by taking corn, soybean meal, wheat bran and fish meal as main raw materials according to the principle that low energy is diluted by wheat bran and high energy is increased by soybean oil, referring to the nutritional requirement of NRC (2012) pigs and related literature reports, and combining with production practice, wherein the nutritional levels of other materials except digestive energy, crude protein and amino acid are kept consistent as much as possible.
② the premix provides manganese 35.0mg, ferrum 100.0mg, zinc 100.0mg, copper 10.0mg, iodine 0.3mg, and selenium 0.3mg per kilogram of diet, ③ has digestion capacity of 13 kJ/kg.
TABLE 2 premix formula
Remarking: in order to control costs and improve performance, a part of inorganic trace elements and a part of organic trace elements are used.
And (2) test II:
the nutritional level design was the same as test one, using barley + sorghum as the main energy source, formula structure (see table 2). The boar semen production period is about 6 weeks, so the data collected after feeding for 45d is used as the data after the test for analysis.
TABLE 3 formula structure for different nutritional levels
Note that ① 2009, 10 months and 5 days are calculated according to the data of the Nutrition Standard for raw materials for Swine, ② the premix provides 35.0mg of manganese, 100.0mg of iron, 90.0mg of zinc, 10.0mg of copper, 0.3mg of iodine and 0.3mg of selenium for each kilogram of diet, and the formula of the premix with ③ digestion energy of 13 kJ/kg. is shown in Table 2.
1.5 feeding Environment and management
All the swineries are raised in a closed pigsty, and the temperature is reduced by a fan and a water curtain, and the room temperature is kept below 28 ℃. Feeding each boar in a single fence, taking free drinking water, taking two meals every day, feeding each boar with 2.8kg of complete feed every day, and collecting semen 1 time every 3 days. Cleaning and disinfecting the pigs in the house every day, carrying out immunization according to a normal program, and observing and recording the mental state, ingestion, drinking water and other conditions of the pigs every day.
1.6 statistical indices
Amount of sperm: the semen was weighed on an electronic balance to 1mL per gram.
And (3) sperm motility inspection: heating semen to 35-37 deg.C with a constant temperature stage, observing sperm under 100 and 400 times microscope, and expressing sperm motility as percentage of sperm moving straight forward, which is expressed by 10 numbers of 0.1-1.0.
Density of sperm: the density of sperm refers to the number of sperm contained per ml of semen. Measured with a Denmark NucleoCounterSP-100 sperm densitometer.
Teratogenicity of sperm: eosin staining was performed using a common microscope.
1.7 data processing
The data were collated using Excel (2003) software and analyzed for variance using sars10.0 software.
2 results
1. Different energy, protein and amino acid levels
TABLE 4 Effect of different energy and amino acid levels on boar semen quality
In the test 1 with high digestion energy and high amino acid, 15-25% of swinery has diarrhea, 20-25% of boar semen has rapidly reduced activity, increased impurity content in semen and increased deformity rate within one month. The group 2 of the experiment shows certain effects on improving the sperm volume, density, vitality, aberration rate, head number and total effective sperm number of the boar, wherein the difference between the sperm volume and the density is obvious (p is less than 0.05). Compared with the control group, the activity, density and sperm amount of the test group 3 were rapidly reduced, and the deformity rate was slightly reduced. The test 2 has relatively good effect, wherein the semen volume and density are obviously different from those of the control group, and the deformity rate and activity are improved without significant difference.
TABLE 5 Effect of different energy and amino acid levels on boar semen quality
Note: the difference of the lower case letters marked on the shoulder marks of the same row in the same batch indicates that the difference is obvious (P is less than 0.05), the letters are the same or are not marked to indicate that the difference is not obvious (P is more than 0.05), and the following steps are the same.
The group 4 with high digestion energy has 15-25% of diarrhea with different degrees, the boar semen after the diarrhea shows rapid reduction of activity, the impurity content in the semen is increased, the distortion rate is increased, the activity and the density of the semen are both obviously lower than those of the group 2, and the distortion rate is obviously higher than that of the group 2. The density of the test 5 group was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) compared to the test 2 group. The amount of sperm, density and malformation were significantly different in test 2 compared to test 5. The test 2 still has relatively good effect, wherein the difference between the semen volume and the density is obvious compared with the control group, the deformity rate and the activity are improved, and the difference is not obvious.
Experiment 2, influence of amino acid and energy levels on boar semen quality under different formula structures (barley + sorghum)
TABLE 6 Effect of different energy and amino acid levels on boar semen quality
Experiment 1 with high digestion energy and high amino acid shows that 20-25% of pigs have diarrhea, 15-25% of boar semen in one month has rapidly reduced activity, increased impurity content in semen, and increased deformity rate. The group 2 of the experiment shows certain effects on improving the sperm volume, density, vitality, aberration rate, head number and total effective sperm number of the boar, wherein the difference between the sperm volume and the density is obvious (p is less than 0.05). Compared with the control group, the activity, density and sperm amount of the test group 3 were rapidly reduced, and the deformity rate was slightly reduced. The test 2 still has relatively good effect, wherein the difference between the semen volume and the density is obvious compared with the control group, the deformity rate and the activity are improved, and the difference is not obvious.
TABLE 7 Effect of different energy and amino acid levels on boar semen quality
Note: the difference of the lower case letters marked on the shoulder marks of the same row in the same batch indicates that the difference is obvious (P is less than 0.05), the letters are the same or are not marked to indicate that the difference is not obvious (P is more than 0.05), and the following steps are the same.
The group 4 with high digestion energy has diarrhea of 10-25% in different degrees, the boar semen after diarrhea shows rapid reduction of activity, the impurity content in the semen is increased, the distortion rate is increased, the activity and the density of the semen are both obviously lower than those of the group 2, and the distortion rate is obviously higher than that of the group 2. The density of the test 5 group was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) compared to the test 2 group. The amount of sperm, density and malformation were significantly different in test 2 compared to test 5. The test 2 still has relatively good effect, wherein the difference between the semen volume and the density is obvious compared with the control group, the deformity rate and the activity are improved, and the difference is not obvious.
Test 3: determination of mildew-proof effect of feed mildew preventive by plate bacteriostatic counting method
Selecting a high-salt Chashi culture medium which is suitable for growth of mould but not suitable for growth of bacteria, pouring 20mL of the culture medium into a culture dish while the culture medium is hot after sterilization, and solidifying the culture medium. Diluting the bacterial liquid to about 100 moulds per milliliter, mixing the diluted bacterial liquid of the moulds with 0.08g/mL of mould inhibitor sample liquid according to a ratio of 1:1, taking 1mL of mixed liquid to the middle of a solid culture medium, uniformly coating the mixed liquid to ensure that the concentration of the mould inhibitor relative to the culture medium is 0.2%, turning over the culture dish after drying, placing the culture dish in a mould incubator, and culturing at 28 ℃ to observe the total number of mould colonies. And replacing the mixed liquid of the mildew preventive sample liquid and the mold bacterial liquid with the same volume of sterile water as a blank control. Three replicates were set up for each group and incubated at 28 ℃ for 2 days. The smaller the total number of the bacterial colonies, the better the mildew-proof and bacteriostatic effects of the antibacterial agent, and the mildew-proof effect can be accurately represented by calculating the bacteriostatic rate of each mildew inhibitor according to the measured bacterial count.
Chashi medium: NaNO 32 g, K2HPO 41 g, KCl0.5g, MgSO40.5g, FeSO40.01g, sucrose 30g, agar 15-20 g, water 1000mL, natural pH, and sterilization at 121 ℃ for 20 min.
Experimental strains: the test strain is derived from Aspergillus oryzae separated and purified from the mildew feed. Preparation of mold spore liquid [5 ]: inoculating Aspergillus oryzae stored in slant onto slant of PDA solid culture medium, and culturing at 30 deg.C for 3 days. The mold spores on the PDA slant medium were eluted with 10mL of sterile water under sterile conditions to make a mold spore suspension.
TABLE 8 number of mold colonies in the dish
From table 8, the compound type mildew inhibitor selected has the best bacteriostatic effect.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The special material for improving the boar semen quality is characterized in that the digestion energy of the special material is 3100-3200kcal/kg, the digestible lysine is 0.75-0.8%, and the protein level is 15.5-16.5%.
2. The special feed for improving the boar semen quality as claimed in claim 1, wherein the digestion energy of the special feed is 3150kcal/kg, the digestible lysine is 0.8%, and the protein level is 16%.
3. The special material for improving the boar semen quality as claimed in claim 1, wherein the special material is added with a mildew preventive; the mildew preventive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.05-0.1% of propionic acid and 0.15-0.3% of calcium propionate.
4. The special material for improving the boar semen quality as claimed in claim 1, wherein the special material is added with a mildew preventive; the mildew preventive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.15-0.3% of calcium propionate.
5. The special material for improving the boar semen quality as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the formula of the special material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
6. the special feed for improving the boar semen quality as claimed in claim 5, wherein the premix provides 35.0mg of manganese, 100.0mg of iron, 90.0mg of zinc, 10.0mg of copper, 0.3mg of iodine and 0.3mg of selenium per kilogram of feed, and the digestibility is 13 kJ/kg.
7. The special material for improving the boar semen quality according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the formula of the special material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
8. the special feed for improving the boar semen quality as claimed in claim 7, wherein the premix provides 35.0mg of manganese, 100.0mg of iron, 90.0mg of zinc, 10.0mg of copper, 0.3mg of iodine and 0.3mg of selenium per kilogram of feed, and the digestibility is 13 kJ/kg.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101248842A (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2008-08-27 | 重庆市畜牧科学院 | Feedstuff additive premix compound for breeding boars |
| CN101301402A (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2008-11-12 | 刘庆华 | Nutrition health care replenisher for reinforcing reproduction performance of boar |
| CN106071115A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 奥格生物技术（六安）有限公司 | A kind of trace element compound premix improving quality of boar semen and batch |
| CN106578518A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 康地饲料（中国）有限公司 | Special concentrated feed for anti-heat stress breeding boars |
-
2019
- 2019-12-12 CN CN201911274865.6A patent/CN111066967A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101248842A (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2008-08-27 | 重庆市畜牧科学院 | Feedstuff additive premix compound for breeding boars |
| CN101301402A (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2008-11-12 | 刘庆华 | Nutrition health care replenisher for reinforcing reproduction performance of boar |
| CN106071115A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 奥格生物技术（六安）有限公司 | A kind of trace element compound premix improving quality of boar semen and batch |
| CN106578518A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 康地饲料（中国）有限公司 | Special concentrated feed for anti-heat stress breeding boars |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 陈瑶生: "《专家与成功养殖者共谈-现代高效生猪养殖实战方案》", 30 November 2015 * |
| 马学恩: "《瘦肉型猪饲养致富指南》", 31 August 2007 * |
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