CN111066817A - Protective agent for relieving sunscald of fruits and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Protective agent for relieving sunscald of fruits and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients to enhance the sticking of the active ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/06—Aluminium; Calcium; Magnesium; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G2013/004—Liquid mulch
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Abstract
A protective agent for relieving fruit sunscald belongs to the technical field of plant protection, and is characterized by comprising 5-10% of titanium dioxide, 50-70% of talc, 20-30% of kaolinite, 3-10% of gum arabic and 0.2-1% of mannan by mass percent. The preparation process comprises pulverizing the above raw materials, and mixing at a certain weight percentage; the protective agent is applied to the fruit surfaces of citrus, mango, apple and walnut fruit trees, can reduce the temperature of the fruit surfaces by 3-10 ℃, and reduce the sunscald fruit rate by more than 50%, and meanwhile, each component of the protective agent is green and environment-friendly, is harmless to the fruit trees and has no pollution to the ecological environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant protection, relates to a protective agent, and particularly relates to a protective agent for relieving sunscald of fruits.
Background
In high-temperature arid seasons, sunlight directly irradiates naked branches and fruits of fruit trees to enable the surface temperature to reach more than 40 ℃, so that plants are burnt, and particularly, serious loss is caused to high-quality production of the fruit trees. At the initial stage, the affected part (sunny side) of the fruit tree is locally whitened, then light brown or black plaques appear, later the scab is enlarged, and then the damaged part is dried up and even cracks, and even loses edible value. In order to prevent sunburn, fruit is generally bagged and whitewashed, the leaf quantity and water supply can be increased by measures such as irrigation, soil moisture preservation of orchards and the like, and Bordeaux mixture or lime water and the like can be sprayed on the surfaces of the fruits; when in pruning, the harm can be reduced by reserving more branches in the southwest direction of the tree body.
However, the control effect is not very effective, sunscald cannot be completely controlled, and the edible value of the plants is influenced to a certain extent, so that the research on the protective agent for relieving the sunscald of the fruits and the maintenance of the high-grade quality of the fruits are of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a protective agent for relieving the sunscald of fruits, which is applied to fruit trees, the surface temperature of the fruits is reduced by 3-10 ℃, and the sunscald rate is reduced by more than 50%.
The invention adopts the specific technical scheme that: the protective agent for reducing the sunscald of the fruits is characterized by comprising 5-10% of titanium dioxide, 50-70% of talcum, 20-30% of kaolinite, 3-10% of Arabic gum and 0.2-1% of mannan in percentage by mass.
Further, the paint comprises 8% of titanium dioxide, 62% of talc, 25% of kaolinite, 4.5% of Arabic gum and 0.5% of mannan in percentage by mass.
The preparation process of the protective agent for reducing the sunburn of the fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: preparing 5-10% of titanium dioxide, 50-70% of talc, 20-30% of kaolinite, 3-10% of gum arabic and 0.2-1% of mannan according to mass percentage;
(2) pretreatment of raw materials: crushing titanium dioxide, talc and kaolinite to obtain the fineness of 1000-2000 meshes; pulverizing gum arabic and mannan to obtain pretreated raw material with fineness of 200-250 mesh;
(3) mixing: and mixing the pretreated raw materials to obtain the protective agent.
The application of the protective agent for reducing the sunburn of the fruits is characterized in that before high temperature comes, the protective agent and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: (30-50) preparing protective liquid, and spraying the fruit surface for 2-3 times at an interval of 15-25 days.
Further, the fruit noodles comprise fruit noodles of oranges, mangoes, apples and walnuts.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the protective agent for reducing the sunscald of the fruits is applied to the fruit surfaces of citrus, mango, apple and walnut trees, and can reduce the temperature of the fruit surfaces by 3-10 ℃ and reduce the sunscald rate by more than 50%. The components are combined with natural adhesive gum arabic and synergistic adjuvant mannan, and have synergistic effect, so as to reflect and scatter ultraviolet light and absorb ultraviolet light, thereby greatly reducing damage of ultraviolet light to fruit surface. The gum arabic in the protective agent is organically combined with the mannitol sugar, so that the strong adhesion of the protective agent is guaranteed, a protective film can be formed on the surface of fruits, and the occurrence of fruit diseases is reduced. The protective agent is green and environment-friendly in each component, harmless to fruit trees and pollution-free to ecological environment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The protective agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
titanium dioxide: 5-10 percent
50 to 70 percent of talcum
20 to 30 percent of kaolinite
Gum arabic: 3 to 10 percent of
Mannan: 0.2 to 1 percent
Example 1
A protective agent for reducing fruit sunburn comprises 6.8% of titanium dioxide, 70% of talcum, 20% of kaolinite, 3% of Arabic gum and 0.2% of mannan by weight percentage.
The preparation process of the protective agent comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing titanium dioxide, pulvis Talci and kaolinite with Raymond mill to obtain powder with fineness of 2000 mesh; and (3) crushing the gum arabic and the mannan by using an air flow crusher until the fineness reaches 250 meshes to obtain the pretreated raw material.
(2) Weighing the pretreated raw materials into a mixer according to the mass percentage in claim 1, and mixing by the mixer to obtain the protective agent.
The protection effect is tested: the protective agent and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 50 preparing protective liquid, and spraying onto citrus fruit surface for 3 times at intervals of 20 days.
Example 2
A protective agent for reducing fruit sunburn comprises, by mass, 8% of titanium dioxide, 62% of talc, 25% of kaolinite, 4.5% of gum arabic and 0.5% of mannan.
The preparation process of the protective agent comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing titanium dioxide, talc and kaolinite by a Raymond mill until the fineness reaches 1000 meshes; and (3) crushing the gum arabic and the mannan by using an air flow crusher until the fineness reaches 200 meshes to obtain the pretreated raw material.
(2) Weighing the pretreated raw materials into a mixer according to the mass percentage in claim 1, and mixing by the mixer to obtain the protective agent.
The protection effect is tested: the protective agent and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 30 preparing protective liquid, spraying mango fruit face for 2 times, each time at an interval of 15 days.
Example 3
A protective agent for reducing fruit sunburn comprises, by mass, 5% of titanium dioxide, 65% of talc, 26% of kaolinite, 3.3% of gum arabic and 0.7% of mannan.
The preparation process of the protective agent comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing titanium dioxide, talc and kaolinite by a Raymond mill until the fineness reaches 1500 meshes; and (3) crushing the gum arabic and the mannan by using an air flow crusher until the fineness reaches 220 meshes to obtain the pretreated raw material.
(2) Weighing the pretreated raw materials into a mixer according to the mass percentage in claim 1, and mixing by the mixer to obtain the protective agent.
The protection effect is tested: the protective agent and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 45 and spraying the walnut fruit surface for 2 times at intervals of 18 days.
Example 4
A protective agent for reducing fruit sunburn comprises, by mass, 10% of titanium dioxide, 50% of talc, 30% of kaolinite, 9% of gum arabic and 1% of mannan.
The preparation process of the protective agent comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing titanium dioxide, pulvis Talci and kaolinite with Raymond mill to obtain powder with fineness of 2000 mesh; and (3) crushing the gum arabic and the mannan by using an air flow crusher until the fineness reaches 250 meshes to obtain the pretreated raw material.
(2) Weighing the pretreated raw materials into a mixer according to the mass percentage in claim 1, and mixing by the mixer to obtain the protective agent.
The protection effect is tested: the protective agent and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 50 preparing into protective liquid, and spraying onto apple surface for 2 times at intervals of 20 days.
Example 5
A protective agent for reducing fruit sunburn comprises 7% of titanium dioxide, 60% of talcum, 25% of kaolinite, 7.5% of Arabic gum and 0.5% of mannan by weight percentage.
The preparation process of the protective agent comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing titanium dioxide, talc and kaolinite by a Raymond mill until the fineness reaches 1800 meshes; and (3) crushing the gum arabic and the mannan by using an air flow crusher until the fineness reaches 250 meshes to obtain the pretreated raw material.
(2) Weighing the pretreated raw materials into a mixer according to the mass percentage in claim 1, and mixing by the mixer to obtain the protective agent.
The protection effect is tested: the protective agent and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 50 preparing into protective liquid, and spraying onto apple surface for 3 times at an interval of 15 days.
Comparative example 1
The protective agent for reducing sunscald on fruits, referred to in example 5, comprises, in mass percent, 7% of titanium dioxide, 68% of talc and 25% of kaolinite. The only difference from example 5 is that the gum arabic and mannan were replaced with equal amounts of talc.
Comparative example 2
The protective agent for reducing sunscald on fruits, referred to in example 5, comprises, in mass percent, 7% of titanium dioxide, 60% of talc, 25% of kaolinite and 8.0% of white latex. The only difference from example 5 was that gum arabic and mannan were replaced with an equal amount of white latex (main components: polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, wegian brand supplied by beijing feng zheng architectural decoration material limited, type 3 white latex).
Comparative example 3
The protective agent for reducing sunscald on fruits, referred to in example 5, comprises, in mass percent, 7% of titanium dioxide, 60.5% of talc, 25% of kaolinite and 7.5% of gum arabic. The only difference from example 5 is that mannan was replaced by an equal amount of talc.
Comparative example 4
The protective agent for reducing sunscald on fruits, referred to in example 5, comprises, in mass percent, 7% of titanium dioxide, 60% of talc, 25% of kaolinite, 7.5% of peach gum, 0.5% of mannan. The only difference from example 5 is the replacement of gum arabic by an equal amount of peach gum.
The process for preparing the repellent of comparative examples 1 to 4 was the same as in example 5, and the repellent effect test was the same as in example 5.
Second, test of protective properties
In the growing period from the fruiting of oranges, apples, walnuts and mangos (the fruits are in the size of a table tennis ball) to the maturity of the test samples of the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-4, a sunscald protection test area is arranged in each example and the comparative examples, a control group does not use a protective agent, the cultivation technology and other agricultural management measures of the control group, the examples and the comparative examples in the growing period are carried out according to the same conventional method, the harvesting investigation is carried out in the harvesting period, the number of sunscald fruits is recorded separately according to the grade, 5 trees are randomly selected from each cell according to the investigation method, the results are averaged, the sunscald fruits are graded according to different sunscald degrees, the sunscald rate and the disease index of the whole tree are calculated, and the investigation results are shown in a table 1.
Standard for grading sun burn
Grade 0, no sunscald;
grade 1, the color of the peel just begins to turn yellow, and the sunburn area is 1/5 less than the total area;
grade 2, the color of the peel is changed into yellow brown, and the sunburning area is 1/5-1/4 of the total area;
grade 3, the color of the peel is changed into black brown, and the black brown sunburning area is 1/5 smaller than the total area, or the yellow brown sunburning area is 1/3 larger than the total area;
grade 4, black brown sunburn area greater than 1/5 of total area;
the incidence rate is (total diseased fruit number/total investigated fruit number) × 100%
Disease index [ ∑ (number of diseased fruit at each stage × number at each stage)/number of investigated diseased fruit × highest value ] × 100%
The prevention and treatment effect is [ (disease index of blank control area-disease index of treatment area)/disease index of blank control area ] × 100%
TABLE 1 Effect of the different examples on the sunscald of the fruits
The test result shows that the test sample can reduce the sunscald fruit rate by more than 50 percent; the rate of the sunscald fruits of the test sample which is not sprayed is more than 70%. The protective agent prepared by the invention can effectively prevent sunscald fruit diseases and effectively improve the quality of fruits.
Fruit surface cooling test
As is known, high temperature is one of the main factors causing the sunscald of the fruits, and once the surface temperature of the fruits reaches the threshold temperature required for the sunscald, the probability of the sunscald fruits is greatly improved. The protective agent can effectively reduce the surface temperature of the fruits by 3-10 ℃.
Application example 1:
fruit surface temperature measurement verification is carried out in a Dazhuanxizhangcun apple orchard in Huo city of Shanxi province in 7 and 25 days in 2019, and apple varieties: eight early-maturing and beautifying. At 2 pm, the surface temperature of 50 fruits at the upper, middle and lower three positions of each treatment was measured with an infrared thermometer. The following application test used the protectant prepared in example 5, with a weight ratio of protectant to water of 1: 30, preparing a protective liquid I, namely mixing a protective agent and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 40, and mixing the protective agent and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 50 and respectively spraying the apple fruit surfaces with the protective liquid III.
TABLE 2
Note: each treatment is carried out in 2019, 7 months and 20 days, and 10 trees are sprayed in each treatment; spraying equal amount of clear water as a control 1; the contrast 2 is a commercial protective agent, the main components are kaolin and calcium carbonate, and 30 times of liquid is sprayed on the fruit surface according to the using instruction of the product; the contrast 3 is a commercial protective agent, the main components are kaolin, talcum powder and glue, and 50 times of liquid of the commercial protective agent is sprayed on the fruit surface according to the using instruction of the product.
Application example 2:
and (3) paving a citrus garden on a Yuan-Ching Yuan of Huanggang city in 2018, 8, 15 days to perform fruit surface temperature measurement verification, wherein the citrus varieties are as follows: xuan-en-ao No. 1. At 2 pm, the surface temperature of 100 fruits at the upper, middle and lower three positions of each treatment was measured with an infrared thermometer. The following application test used the protectant prepared in example 1, with a weight ratio of protectant to water of 1: 30, preparing a protective liquid I, namely mixing a protective agent and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 40, and mixing the protective agent and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 50 and respectively spraying the protection liquid III on the surfaces of the oranges.
TABLE 3
Note: each treatment is carried out in 2018, 8 months and 10 days, and 10 trees are sprayed in each treatment; spraying equal amount of clear water as a control 1; the contrast 2 is a commercial protective agent, the main components are kaolin and calcium carbonate, and 30 times of liquid is sprayed on the fruit surface according to the using instruction of the product; the contrast 3 is a commercial protective agent, the main components are kaolin, talcum powder and glue, and 50 times of liquid of the commercial protective agent is sprayed on the fruit surface according to the using instruction of the product.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The protective agent for reducing the sunburn of the fruits is characterized by comprising 5-10% of titanium dioxide, 50-70% of talc, 20-30% of kaolinite, 3-10% of gum arabic and 0.2-1% of mannan in percentage by mass.
2. A protective agent against fruit sunscald as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising, in mass percentages, 8% titanium dioxide, 62% talc, 25% kaolinite, 4.5% gum arabic and 0.5% mannan.
3. A process for preparing a protective agent for reducing sunscald on fruits as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: preparing 5-10% of titanium dioxide, 50-70% of talc, 20-30% of kaolinite, 3-10% of gum arabic and 0.2-1% of mannan according to mass percentage;
(2) pretreatment of raw materials: crushing titanium dioxide, talc and kaolinite to obtain the fineness of 1000-2000 meshes; pulverizing gum arabic and mannan to obtain pretreated raw material with fineness of 200-250 mesh;
(3) mixing: and mixing the pretreated raw materials to obtain the protective agent.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN111357763A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-03 | 河南蕴农植保科技有限公司 | Compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111925685A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-13 | 陕西谱润生物科技有限公司 | Plant sun-screening agent and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112997780A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-22 | 深圳喜沃生态科技有限公司 | Orange sun-proof and sun-proof material |
| CN113575253A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-02 | 广西太美生物科技股份有限公司 | Involucra calcium product for preventing sunscald and beautifying fruits and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114736562A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-12 | 广西南宁市农多宝农业技术开发有限责任公司 | Method for preventing sunscald and whitening of citrus |
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| CN111357763A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-03 | 河南蕴农植保科技有限公司 | Compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111925685A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-13 | 陕西谱润生物科技有限公司 | Plant sun-screening agent and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112997780A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-22 | 深圳喜沃生态科技有限公司 | Orange sun-proof and sun-proof material |
| CN113575253A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-02 | 广西太美生物科技股份有限公司 | Involucra calcium product for preventing sunscald and beautifying fruits and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114736562A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-12 | 广西南宁市农多宝农业技术开发有限责任公司 | Method for preventing sunscald and whitening of citrus |
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