CN111357763A - Compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111357763A CN111357763A CN202010364976.2A CN202010364976A CN111357763A CN 111357763 A CN111357763 A CN 111357763A CN 202010364976 A CN202010364976 A CN 202010364976A CN 111357763 A CN111357763 A CN 111357763A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/06—Aluminium; Calcium; Magnesium; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits, a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem that the cherry quality is reduced due to high incidence rate of cherry malformed fruits in the prior art. The compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits is prepared from basic components, auxiliary components, fillers and solvents, wherein the basic components comprise calcium carbonate, nano titanium dioxide, nano silicon dioxide and potassium silicate. The compound preparation disclosed by the invention is low in cost, non-toxic and environment-friendly, can be sprayed in the flower bud differentiation period after cherry picking, can reduce the cherry malformed fruits by 80.8-88.2%, and can effectively prevent and treat the cherry malformed fruits, wherein the malformed fruit rate is reduced to below 10%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cherry planting, in particular to a compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Cherry malformed fruits, namely 'double-stick fruits', are mainly characterized by single-stem conjoined double fruits, even single-stem conjoined three fruits and four fruits, commonly called 'twin'. Cherry malformed fruits are caused by abnormal pistil primordium differentiation in the flower bud differentiation process, flowers producing malformed fruits are also shown to be malformed in the flowering phase, and pistil stigma often has double stigma or multi stigma. In a planting area with higher temperature or in the summer with abnormal high temperature, the abnormal cherry fruit phenomenon is serious, the appearance quality and the commodity price of the cherry are seriously influenced, and even the commodity value is lost.
The research including the inventor indicates that abnormal high temperature in summer is the cause of abnormal flowers and abnormal fruits in the next year in the bud differentiation period of cherry blossom. In the transition period of flower bud differentiation from sepal to petal morphological differentiation, cherry trees are sensitive to temperature, generally, if the temperature is continuously higher than 28 ℃ and even higher than 30 ℃, the flower bud differentiation is excessive, a double pistil phenomenon is generated, and a 'twin' in the next year is formed.
At present, no reliable method for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits is found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits, which has the advantages of low cost, simple production process, no toxicity and environmental friendliness, is applied to preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits, and can effectively solve the technical problem of commodity value reduction caused by high occurrence rate of cherry malformed fruits in the prior art.
Based on long-term production practice research, the inventor finds that in China, the cherry flower bud physiological differentiation period starts after the growth of a young sprout stops in 5 months, and the cherry flower bud physiological differentiation period enters the flower bud differentiation period in 7 and 8 months, and at the moment, the cherry flower bud physiological differentiation period is the weather with continuous high temperature and heat, and the abnormal differentiation of flower buds is most easily caused to form double-pistil flower buds. Therefore, when planted in the field, the incidence of malformed fruits is greatly increased in the next year if the plants are subjected to high temperature lasting over 30 ℃.
Further research also shows that the incidence rate of malformed fruits can be related to illumination, such as the south and upper parts of the tree crowns are easy to occur, the garden with sparse tree crowns is easy to occur, and the like, and can be related to temperature rise caused by illumination. The sun shading and cooling of the cherries in high-temperature seasons can effectively reduce the abnormal fruit rate of the cherries, however, the sun shading can cause insufficient illumination, and the cherry yield is seriously influenced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-35 parts of calcium carbonate, 2-3 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 0.5-1 part of nano silicon dioxide, 3-5 parts of potassium silicate, 8-16 parts of an auxiliary agent and 5-10 parts of a filler.
In addition, the compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30-35% of calcium carbonate, 2-3% of nano titanium dioxide, 0.5-1% of nano silicon dioxide, 3-5% of potassium silicate, 8-16% of an auxiliary agent, 5-10% of a filler and the balance of water.
Preferably, the auxiliary agent consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of sodium lignosulphonate, 1.5-2 parts of sodium hydroxy cellulose, 1-3 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 3-5 parts of ethylene bis stearamide and 2-4 parts of polyethylene glycol.
Preferably, the filler is aluminum metasilicate.
The preparation method of the compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing calcium carbonate, nano titanium dioxide, nano silicon dioxide, potassium silicate, an auxiliary agent and water according to the proportion, and shearing at the rotating speed of 115-135 r/min for 45-60 minutes to obtain a suspension;
(2) adding the filler into the suspension, and sanding for 15-20 minutes at a rotating speed of 10-15 m/s to obtain a sanded material;
(3) and detecting the material fineness of the obtained sanding material, and entering a packaging procedure after the material fineness meets the requirement to obtain the sanding material.
Preferably, in the step (2), the sand is cooled by cold saline water with the temperature of-10 to-15 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (3), the fineness of the material is 1 micron or more and D98 or less and 2 microns or less.
And further provides a method for preventing cherry malformed fruit:
uniformly spraying the whole plant with the composite preparation 30-50 times of liquid within one week after the cherries are harvested; the spraying is carried out once between 6 months and 7 months.
Preferably, the whole cherry plant is sprayed uniformly by using a 2 mm fan-shaped spray head at an angle of 45 degrees and aiming at the whole cherry plant.
Preferably, the whole plant is sprayed again when rainfall occurs within 3 hours after the spraying.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. the compound preparation disclosed by the invention is sprayed on the whole plant after the cherries are picked, so that the deformed cherry fruits can be reduced by 80.8-88.2%, the deformed cherry fruit rate is reduced to be below 10%, the deformed cherry fruits can be effectively prevented and treated, and the commodity value of the cherries is improved.
2. The composite preparation has low cost, no toxicity and no harm, and is environment-friendly.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a photograph of the fruit set of the control group at 4 months and 16 days in 2018 in the test example.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of fruit set of the test group of 2018, 4 months and 16 days.
Fig. 3 is a photograph of the fruit set of the control group at 12 months 4 and 2019 in the experimental example.
Fig. 4 is a photograph of fruit set of the test group of 12 days at 4 months in 2019 in the test example.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention in detail and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way.
The instruments and devices referred to in the following examples are conventional instruments and devices unless otherwise specified; the reagents or compounds are all conventional reagents or compounds which are commercially available if not specifically indicated; the test methods involved are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits
(1) Formula of compound preparation
The paint consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
the basic components are as follows: 33 percent of food-grade light calcium carbonate, 2.5 percent of nano titanium dioxide, 0.8 percent of nano silicon dioxide and 4 percent of potassium silicate;
auxiliary agent components: 1.5% of sodium lignosulphonate, 1.8% of sodium hydroxy cellulose, 2% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 4% of ethylene bis stearamide and 3% of polyethylene glycol;
filling: 6% of silicon aluminum silicate;
the water is used for supplementing 100 percent.
(2) Preparation method of compound preparation
1) Taking the basic components, the auxiliary components and water, putting the basic components, the auxiliary components and the water into a shearing kettle in proportion, and shearing at a high speed for 50 minutes at a rotating speed of 120r/min to obtain a suspension;
2) adding aluminum silicate into the suspension, and feeding the suspension into a pin type sand mill; setting the rotating speed of a sand mill to be 15m/s and the sand milling time to be 20 minutes; cooling with-10 deg.C cold saline water during sanding to obtain sanded material;
3) detecting the fineness of the materials subjected to sanding by using a laser particle sizer, and when D98 is more than or equal to 1 micron and less than or equal to 2 microns, feeding the materials into an intermediate storage tank; otherwise, repeating the sanding process of the step 2);
4) and D98 of which the diameter is less than or equal to 1 micron and less than or equal to 2 microns is detected, and the qualified material enters a packaging process to obtain the finished product.
Example 2: compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits
(1) Formula of compound preparation
The paint consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
the basic components are as follows: 35% of food-grade light calcium carbonate, 3% of nano titanium dioxide, 1% of nano silicon dioxide and 5% of potassium silicate;
auxiliary agent components: 2% of sodium lignin sulfonate, 2% of sodium hydroxy cellulose, 3% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 5% of ethylene bis stearamide and 4% of polyethylene glycol;
filling: 10% of aluminum metasilicate;
the water is used for supplementing 100 percent.
(2) Preparation method of compound preparation
1) Taking the basic components, the auxiliary components and water, putting the basic components, the auxiliary components and the water into a shearing kettle in proportion, and shearing at a high speed for 55 minutes at a rotating speed of 130r/min to obtain a suspension;
2) adding aluminum silicate into the suspension, and feeding the suspension into a pin type sand mill; setting the rotating speed of a sand mill to be 15m/s and the sand milling time to be 20 minutes; cooling with-12 deg.C cold saline water during sanding to obtain sanded material;
3) detecting the fineness of the materials subjected to sanding by using a laser particle sizer, and when D98 is more than or equal to 1 micron and less than or equal to 2 microns, feeding the materials into an intermediate storage tank; otherwise, repeating the sanding process of the step 2);
4) and D98 of which the diameter is less than or equal to 1 micron and less than or equal to 2 microns is detected, and the qualified material enters a packaging process to obtain the finished product.
Example 3: compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits
(1) Formula of compound preparation
The paint consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
the basic components are as follows: 30% of food-grade light calcium carbonate, 2% of nano titanium dioxide, 0.5% of nano silicon dioxide and 3% of potassium silicate;
auxiliary agent components: 1% of sodium lignosulphonate, 1.5% of sodium hydroxy cellulose, 1% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 3% of ethylene bis stearamide and 2% of polyethylene glycol;
filling: 5% of aluminum metasilicate;
the water is used for supplementing 100 percent.
(2) Preparation method of compound preparation
1) Taking the basic components, the auxiliary components and water, putting the basic components, the auxiliary components and the water into a shearing kettle in proportion, and shearing at a high speed for 45 minutes at a rotating speed of 115r/min to obtain a suspension;
2) adding aluminum silicate into the suspension, and feeding the suspension into a pin type sand mill; setting the rotating speed of the sand mill to be 10m/s and the sand milling time to be 15 minutes; cooling with-15 deg.C cold saline water during sanding to obtain sanded material;
3) detecting the fineness of the materials subjected to sanding by using a laser particle sizer, and when D98 is more than or equal to 1 micron and less than or equal to 2 microns, feeding the materials into an intermediate storage tank; otherwise, repeating the sanding process of the step 2);
4) and D98 of which the diameter is less than or equal to 1 micron and less than or equal to 2 microns is detected, and the qualified material enters a packaging process to obtain the finished product.
Test example:
tests for preventing cherry malformed fruits are carried out in Shaanxi and Shandong in 2018 and 2019 for two consecutive years.
The test sites are Tong district in Xian city of Shaanxi province, cigarette platform city in Shandong province, and Lanling county in Yiyi city of Shandong province; the cherry variety to be tested is red light.
The test method comprises the following steps: uniformly spraying the whole plant within one week after the harvest of the cherries by using the compound preparation 30 and 50 times of the liquid as a test group in example 1, and uniformly spraying the whole plant of the cherry trees by using a 2 mm fan-shaped spray head at an angle of 45 degrees; if rainfall occurs within 3 hours after spraying, the spraying is required to be repeated; the spraying is carried out again in 6-7 months (for example, the spraying is carried out again after the rain in the weather with heavy rain after the spraying is carried out again). As no similar products exist in China at present, no contrast agent exists, and the blank contrast is sprayed with the same amount of clear water. Each treatment was repeated 2 times.
Test result investigation and method: and (3) after the large cherry completely withers flowers in about 15 days in 4 months next year, randomly selecting 10 branches on the cherry tree to be tested according to different directions, counting the total fruit setting number and the malformed fruit number, taking the average value of 2 repeated tests, and calculating the malformed fruit rate.
The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 12018 years-2019 years cherry fruit setting number and malformed fruit
It can be seen that the compound preparation of the example can reduce the malformed fruits to 4.0-7.6% and below about 10% through experimental statistics of two years, while the average malformation rate of the blank control is 35-40% and is more than about 25-35% than that of the test group.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the number of malformed cherries was significantly reduced and the cherry fruits were uniform in size in 2018 after spraying the composite preparation of the example, compared to the control group; as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the number of misshapen cherry fruits was significantly reduced and the size of cherry fruits was uniform in 2019 after spraying the composite preparation of the example, compared to the control group.
The principle is further explored: calcium carbonate in the composite preparation reflects infrared light, titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide reflect ultraviolet light, potassium silicate is used for adjusting light transmittance, additives (sodium lignosulfonate, sodium hydroxy cellulose, sodium dodecyl sulfate, ethylene bis stearamide and polyethylene glycol are matched to effectively improve various performances of spraying liquid, such as suspension rate, permeability, wettability, lubricity, cohesiveness, weather resistance, fluidity and the like) and fillers (the composite preparation has good rheological property and thixotropy due to the selected silicon aluminum silicate, and the viscosity, the spreading property and the film forming property can be further increased by matching with other additive components), so that the composite preparation is dispersed and spread on cherries, and the components are matched in a synergistic manner to supplement each other, thereby realizing balance of shading, cooling and light transmittance.
In production, the compound preparation of the embodiment can reduce malformed fruits of each plant by 12.5-15 jin by 50 jin of output of each plant, the income of each plant can be increased by 125-150 yuan by 10 yuan per jin, and the income of each plant can be increased by 5000-6000 yuan per mu by 40 plants per mu.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in the specific parameters of the embodiments described above may be made or equivalents of the corresponding components (e.g., substitutions of additives and fillers) may be substituted without departing from the spirit of the invention to form a plurality of specific embodiments, which are common variations of the invention and will not be described in detail herein.
Claims (10)
1. The compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
30-35 parts of calcium carbonate, 2-3 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 0.5-1 part of nano silicon dioxide, 3-5 parts of potassium silicate, 8-16 parts of an auxiliary agent and 5-10 parts of a filler.
2. The compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
30-35% of calcium carbonate, 2-3% of nano titanium dioxide, 0.5-1% of nano silicon dioxide, 3-5% of potassium silicate, 8-16% of an auxiliary agent, 5-10% of a filler and the balance of water.
3. The compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the auxiliary agent consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
1-2 parts of sodium lignosulphonate, 1.5-2 parts of sodium hydroxy cellulose, 1-3 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 3-5 parts of ethylene bis stearamide and 2-4 parts of polyethylene glycol.
4. The composite preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the filler is aluminum metasilicate.
5. The preparation method of the compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits as claimed in claim 2, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) taking calcium carbonate, nano titanium dioxide, nano silicon dioxide, potassium silicate, an auxiliary agent and water according to the proportion of claim 2, mixing, and shearing at the rotating speed of 115-135 r/min for 45-60 minutes to obtain a suspension;
(2) adding the filler into the suspension, and sanding for 15-20 minutes at a rotating speed of 10-15 m/s to obtain a sanded material;
(3) and detecting the material fineness of the obtained sanding material, and entering a packaging procedure after the material fineness meets the requirement to obtain the sanding material.
6. The method for preparing the composite preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), the temperature is reduced by using cold saline water at the temperature of-10 to-15 ℃ during sanding.
7. The preparation method of the compound preparation for preventing and treating cherry malformed fruits according to claim 5, characterized in that in the step (3), the fineness of the material is 1 micron or more and 2 microns or less and D98 or less.
8. A method for preventing cherry malformed fruit is characterized in that:
uniformly spraying the whole plant with 30-50 times of the compound preparation of claim 2 within one week after the harvest of the cherries; the spraying is carried out once between 6 months and 7 months.
9. The method for preventing abnormal fruits of cherries as claimed in claim 8, wherein the spraying of the whole plant is performed by using a 2 mm fan-shaped nozzle at an angle of 45 degrees to the whole plant of cherries.
10. The method for preventing malformed cherries according to claim 8, wherein the whole plant treatment is re-sprayed when there is rainfall within 3 hours after the spraying.
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| WO2009064450A1 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2009-05-22 | Purfresh, Inc. | Sunscreen formulations for use in the production of organic crops |
| CN102756521A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-31 | 上海普拉斯克塑料有限公司 | Infrared absorption heat preservation film |
| US20140044862A1 (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2014-02-13 | Scott May | Sunscreen compositions for application to plants |
| CN111066817A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-28 | 河北萌帮水溶肥料股份有限公司 | Protective agent for relieving sunscald of fruits and preparation process thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-04-30 CN CN202010364976.2A patent/CN111357763B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009064450A1 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2009-05-22 | Purfresh, Inc. | Sunscreen formulations for use in the production of organic crops |
| US20140044862A1 (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2014-02-13 | Scott May | Sunscreen compositions for application to plants |
| CN102756521A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-31 | 上海普拉斯克塑料有限公司 | Infrared absorption heat preservation film |
| CN111066817A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-28 | 河北萌帮水溶肥料股份有限公司 | Protective agent for relieving sunscald of fruits and preparation process thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| KAISER，C ET AL.: "Effects of Soluble Potassium Silicate Soil Drenching on Sweet Cherry Fruit Quality"", 《ACTA HORTICULTURAE》 * |
| 李懋强: "《热学陶瓷 性能测试工艺》", 30 June 2013, 中国建材工业出版社 * |
| 潘凤荣等: "《甜樱桃高产优质栽培》", 30 September 2010, 辽宁科学技术出版社 * |
| 王科林 等: ""太阳热反射隔热涂层织物的研究"", 《第七届全国印染后整理学术研讨会论文集》 * |
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