CN111066591A - Method for planting energy grass or ornamental grass in coastal saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for planting energy grass or ornamental grass in coastal saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN111066591A CN111066591A CN201911404003.0A CN201911404003A CN111066591A CN 111066591 A CN111066591 A CN 111066591A CN 201911404003 A CN201911404003 A CN 201911404003A CN 111066591 A CN111066591 A CN 111066591A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of coastal saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for planting energy grass or ornamental grass in coastal saline-alkali soil. According to the method, the composite biological modifier consisting of the vegetable waste, the activated carbon and the polypeptide preparation is added into the coastal saline-alkali soil, so that the microenvironment around the coastal saline-alkali soil can be effectively improved, and the growth and development of plants are promoted; the physical and chemical properties of the coastal saline-alkali soil can be improved, the volume weight is reduced, the field water capacity, the total porosity and the capillary porosity are improved, and the organic carbon content is improved; can also improve the microbial flora and ecological balance of the soil, promote the improvement of the granular structure of the soil and effectively improve the soil fertility of the coastal saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil improvement of coastal saline-alkali soil, and particularly relates to a method for planting energy grass and ornamental grass in the coastal saline-alkali soil.
Background
China has a length of 1.8 multiplied by 104The km coastline has wide area of a coastal region, and the area of the coastal beach and the saline-alkali wasteland can reach 6.8 multiplied by 10 only in the Bohai region5hm2And the development potential as a backup cultivated land resource is huge. However, due to the salinization of soil, the vegetation coverage in coastal saline-alkali areas is relatively low, and in coastal saline-alkali areas in the city of takan city of Tangshan province, only a few plants with strong saline-alkali tolerance, such as Suaeda glauca, grow sporadically, and long-term effective improvement measures are required to solve the ecological environment problem.
The biological improvement means that beneficial microorganisms or organic fertilizers or biomass materials are additionally applied to the soil, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, the soil salt return is inhibited, the salinization degree of the soil is reduced, the organic carbon content in the soil is increased, on the basis, saline-alkali tolerant plants are planted, and the ecological landscape of the coastal saline-alkali land is improved. Compared with the traditional physical and chemical methods, the biological improvement has more environmental friendliness and sustainability, and increasingly becomes the first choice for the treatment and improvement of coastal saline-alkali soil.
Energy grass generally refers to tall, fast-growing, biomass-rich perennial grasses. Research and development of such plants has been conducted vigorously by countries around the world since the seventies of the twentieth century, and the most spotlighted species are switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), Miscanthus (Miscanthus spp.), Pennisetum spp, phalaris (pharisaryanodiacea), Arundo donax (arundox), and the like. Meanwhile, some herbaceous plants with beautiful plant shapes, striking inflorescences and different leaf colors are researched and developed as garden ornamental plants in various countries all over the world, and are collectively called ornamental plants, and the main species of the herbaceous plants comprise miscanthus, pennisetum, and trichodinum (calaagrostisp). In recent years, a series of energy grass with large energy development potential and ornamental grass with high ornamental value and low planting and maintenance cost are planted in China in a large scale. In energy grass and ornamental grass resources, part of excellent seeds (varieties) have wide ecological application range and strong saline-alkali resistance, and if the seeds can be planted and survive in coastal saline-alkali areas in China and complete the growth and development process, the local ecological landscape can be effectively improved, and the application prospect is wide.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for improving the soil property of coastal saline-alkali soil by planting energy grass or ornamental grass in the coastal saline-alkali soil, which is mainly improved in that a composite biological modifier formed by mixing vegetable wastes, biochar and a polypeptide preparation is added into planting holes in the process of planting the energy grass or the ornamental grass; the polypeptide preparation comprises deep sea fish protein polypeptide.
The vegetable waste is a large amount of plant residues such as roots, stems and leaves without commodity value and various inedible tailed vegetables with poor quality, which are generated in the links of vegetable planting, harvesting, storing, transporting, selling, processing and the like, and is rich in a large amount of inorganic components such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, wherein the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 3.0-4.0%, 0.3-0.5% and 1.8-5.3% respectively on a dry basis. As biomass materials, they are rich in organic components such as various sugars and proteins. After being decomposed by microorganisms, the nutrient components can be recycled and supplied to other plants for growth, and simultaneously, the physicochemical properties of the coastal saline-alkali soil can be effectively improved, so that the nutrient components are good biomass resources.
The biochar has a large surface area and a large amount of negative charges, has good potential in the aspects of improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, improving the fertility quality, increasing the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil and the like, and becomes a high-quality soil biological modifier in recent years.
The main nutrition composition in the polypeptide preparation is deep sea fish protein polypeptide, and also comprises other organic matters and trace elements;
preferably, the polypeptide preparation is a liquid preparation, wherein the mass concentration of the deep sea fish protein polypeptide is more than 100 g.L-1；
As a preferable formula, the mass concentration of the deep sea fish protein polypeptide is more than 100 g.L-1Mass concentration of other organic substances is more than 100 g.L-1The content of trace elements is more than 20 g.L-1Hg is less than 5 mg.L-1As is less than 10 mg.L-1Cd below 10 mg.L-1Pb less than 50 mg. L-1Cr is less than 50 mg.L-1. After the polypeptide preparation is applied to soil, the plant rhizosphere flora and the ecological balance thereof can be effectively optimized, the salinization is improved, the granular structure in the soil is recovered and created, and the soil fertility is improved.
The three substances are mixed and added into soil, so that the environment around the plant growth can be effectively improved, the growth condition of the plant can be improved, and the surrounding soil environment can be improved
As a preferred embodiment, the polypeptide formulation used in the present invention is an ABT proficient peptide, available from Erbyti Biotech, Inc. of Beijing.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the biochar to the vegetable waste to the polypeptide preparation is 1: 8-12: 0.8 to 1.2.
As a preferable operation mode, the composite biological modifier is prepared by the following method:
1) mechanically mashing vegetable waste and uniformly mixing the mashed vegetable waste with biochar to obtain a solid compound;
2) and diluting the polypeptide preparation by 280-320 times with water, adding the diluted polypeptide preparation into the solid compound, and uniformly stirring.
Preferably, 0.4-0.6 m of composite biological modifier is added into each cubic meter of planting hole3. The composite biological modifier is added into the planting holes, and aims to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil in local areas of the planting holes in a centralized manner, mainly effectively improve the content of nutrient components in the coastal saline-alkali soil, improve the ventilation condition of the soil, promote the improvement of soil aggregate structure and optimize soil microorganisms and ecological balance of the coastal saline-alkali soil.
Preferably, before the energy grass or ornamental grass is planted, vegetable waste is buried in the soil around the planting hole. The vegetable wastes are buried, so that the physicochemical properties of the soil of the planting field can be improved in a large area, and the nutrient content of the coastal saline soil, particularly the content of organic matters, can be improved.
Preferably, the energy grass or ornamental grass is planted 8-15 days after the vegetable waste is buried. After 8-15 days of aging, the physicochemical property of the soil is improved, and the survival rate of the energy grass or ornamental grass can be improved. If the ageing treatment is not carried out, the vegetable wastes can not play a role in improvement in a short time, and after the ageing treatment, the death rate of the young grass seedlings in the early stage of planting is higher, the physical and chemical properties of the soil change relatively slowly along with the time, so that the survival rate of the grass seedlings is improved.
Preferably, the operation of burying the waste is to dig a plurality of strip-shaped trenches in a direction parallel to the edge of the planting zone and bury the vegetable waste in the strip-shaped trenches.
As a preferable operation mode, 1.0-2.4 m of land is filled for every 30 square meters of planting districts according to the salinization degree of soil3The vegetable waste of (2).
Preferably, the pH value of the coastal saline-alkali soil is 7.9-8.15, and the total amount of water-soluble salts in the soil is 3.0-6.0 g/kg-1。
As a preferable operation mode, the total amount of water-soluble salts is 3.0-3.2 g/kg for slight saline-alkali soil, namely pH is 7.9-8.0-1The saline-alkali soil is added with 1.1-1.3 m in each planting district with the square meter of 303The vegetable waste of (2).
Aiming at moderate saline-alkali soil, namely pH is 8.05-8.15, and the total amount of water-soluble salt is 5.5-6.0 g/kg-1The saline-alkali soil is added with 1.7-1.9 m in each planting district with the square meter of 303The vegetable waste of (2).
Preferably, the energy grass is switchgrass Blackwell, switchgrass Cave in rock, switchgrass forstburg, switchgrass Nebraska, switchgrass Alamo, switchgrass Kanlow, switchgrass Pathfinder, switchgrass Trailblaze, fanggang, silvergrass, triarrhena hybrida, or purple hybrida;
the ornamental grass is short-stem pennisetum, longhead pennisetum, meadowrue, long-order miscanthus sinensis, slender miscanthus sinensis, red-ear miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus sinensis, Carlsbergia, Yudaicao No. 1, Yudaicao No. 2 or teff.
The energy grass and the ornamental grass are in slight saline-alkali soil, namely the pH is 7.9-8.0, and the total amount of water-soluble salt is 3.0-3.2 g/kg-1The saline-alkali soil has good growth condition.
In severe saline-alkali soil, namely pH is 8.2-8.5, and the total amount of water-soluble salt is 6.0-7.0 g/kg-1The growth of the saline-alkali soil is inhibited.
As a preferable operation mode, the total amount of water-soluble salts is 5.5-6.0 g/kg for moderate saline-alkali soil, namely pH is 8.05-8.15-1The growth vigor of the energy grass is good when the energy grass such as the switchgrass Cave-in-Rock, the switchgrass Nebraska, the switchgrass Triblazer, the switchgrass Blackwell, the switchgrass Forestburg, the switchgrass Alamo and the Kanlow is planted in the saline-alkali soil, and is even better than the growth situation in the mild saline-alkali soil. The ornamental grass such as the pennisetum alopecuroides, the slender miscanthus sinensis, the red cluster miscanthus sinensis, the dense flower miscanthus sinensis, the Yudai grass No. 2, the teff and the short-stem pennisetum alopecuroides planted in the saline-alkali soil has good growth vigor, even superior to the growth situation in the mild saline-alkali soil, and can effectively improve the saline-alkali soil.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of selecting the cells with the specification of (5.0-5.5) mx (6.0-6.5) m, and digging a water and salt leaching ditch around each cell.
As a preferable operation mode, selecting the cells with the specification of (5.0-5.5) mx (6.0-6.5) m, digging wide drainage salt leaching grooves at the periphery of each cell, wherein the width of an upper opening of each salt leaching groove is 0.8-1.2 m, and the width of a groove bottom is 0.4-0.6 m.
As a preferable operation mode, 30 planting holes are dug in the small district with the size, the specifications of the planting holes are that the length, the width and the depth are all 0.18-0.22 m, the vertical distances from the central points of the peripheral planting holes to the longitudinal and transverse boundaries of the test district are 0.85-0.95 m and 0.95-1.05 m respectively, and the distance between the central points of two adjacent planting holes in the transverse and longitudinal directions is 0.75-0.85 m.
Preferably, after planting, manually watering enough fresh water once until the clear water seeps out of the water-draining and salt-leaching ditch. Through the operation, part of salt in the soil is leached into the underground water layer or the drainage salt leaching ditch system along with water, so that the seedling revival and survival of the energy grass or the ornamental grass are effectively promoted. After planting and surviving.
Preferably, the subsequent culture process is not carried out by artificial irrigation, and irrigation is carried out by natural rainfall.
The method of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the method, the composite biological modifier consisting of the vegetable waste, the activated carbon and the polypeptide preparation is added into the coastal saline-alkali soil, so that the microenvironment around the coastal saline-alkali soil can be effectively improved, and the growth and development of plants are promoted.
2) Furthermore, the vegetable waste is buried around the planting hole, so that the soil environment of the planting area can be improved, and the growth condition of the plants can be further improved.
3) According to the invention, by implementing biological improvement on the coastal saline-alkali soil, the physical and chemical properties of the coastal saline-alkali soil can be improved, the volume weight is reduced, the field water capacity, the total porosity and the capillary porosity are improved, and the improvement of the organic carbon content is promoted; can also improve the microbial flora and ecological balance of the soil, promote the improvement of the granular structure of the soil and effectively improve the soil fertility of the coastal saline-alkali soil.
4) After the method is adopted to carry out biological improvement and plant the energy grass and the ornamental grass in the coastal saline-alkali land, particularly after the plants are planted in the moderate saline-alkali land, the soil is not required to be specially improved within the following 3-5 years, and the energy grass and the ornamental grass can be continuously planted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the growth characteristics-plant height of energy grass on coastal saline-alkali soil;
FIG. 2 shows the number of tillers growing on the coastal saline-alkali soil;
FIG. 3 shows the growth characteristics of the energy grass on the coastal saline-alkali land-fresh weight on the ground;
FIG. 4 shows the growth characteristics of the energy grass on coastal saline-alkali land-the dry weight on the ground;
FIG. 5 shows the growth characteristics-plant height of ornamental grass on coastal saline-alkali soil;
FIG. 6 shows the growth characteristics-tillering number of ornamental grass on coastal saline-alkali soil;
FIG. 7 shows the growth characteristics of ornamental grass on coastal saline-alkali soil-fresh weight on the ground;
FIG. 8 shows the growth characteristics of ornamental grass on coastal saline-alkali soil-dry weight on the ground;
fig. 9 is a schematic plan view of a test cell;
wherein 1 is a small-sized drainage salt leaching ditch, 2 is a strip-shaped ditch, and 3 is a planting hole.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the day-light greenhouse of agroforestry academy of sciences of Beijing city in 2 months in 2019, switchgrass (including 8 varieties of Blackwell, Cavein rock, Forestburg, Nebraska, Alamo, Kanlow, Pathfinder, Trailblezer, etc.), Qigang, silvergrass, triarrhena, hybrid pennisetum, purple hybrid pennisetum, etc. 13 energy grass varieties, and pennisetum (2 varieties of short pennisetum, long-bristled pennisetum, etc.), meadowrue, miscanthus sinensis (4 varieties of long-order miscanthus, slender miscanthus sinensis, miscanthus floridus, Miscanthus, etc.), Carlsbergia crassipes, Yudai grass (2 varieties of No. 1, No. 2, etc.), 11 ornamental grass varieties, etc. are selected as test materials, and seedlings are bred in a division propagation manner. In the last 5 th month of 2019, high-quality qualified seedlings with the same plant (variety) and relatively consistent plant height are selected and planted in coastal saline-alkali soil.
In 2019, the technical implementation work is carried out on three coastal saline-alkali soil with mild, moderate and severe degrees in the Tangshan city Cao Fei Dian region in Hebei province from 5 months to 10 months.
The three coastal saline-alkali soil with mild, moderate and severe technical implementation are respectively located at coastal agricultural comprehensive test stations (39 degrees 17 '40' N, 118 degrees 27 '21' E) of academy of agriculture and forestry in Hebei province, coastal modern agricultural research centers (39 degrees 18 '28' N, 118 degrees 17 '7' E) in New zone of Tangshan Caofiadian in Hebei province, and ecological agriculture finite company ecological parks (39 degrees 13 '36' N, 118 degrees 34 '18' E) in Tianxu of Tangshan Caofiadian zone. The area is located in a Bohai and Bohai coastal saline-alkali area, belongs to the east quarter wind area of China, has obvious warm zone semi-humid quarter wind climatic characteristics, and statistical data of meteorological conditions for many years show that the extreme highest temperature of the area is 36.3 ℃, the extreme lowest temperature is-20.9 ℃, the average annual temperature is 11.4 ℃, the average annual precipitation is 554mm, rainfall is concentrated in summer, and the precipitation from 6 months to 9 months is 408 mm.
And the three coastal saline-alkali soil is provided with a large-scale drainage and salt leaching system which is mutually communicated, the depth of a large-scale drainage and salt leaching ditch is 200cm, and the widths of an upper opening and a ditch bottom are respectively 300cm and 100 cm.
The main physicochemical properties of the three coastal saline-alkali soil are shown in table 1. Wherein, the pH value, the conductivity and the water-soluble total salt content show that the saline-alkali degree of the three coastal saline-alkali soil in the mild, moderate and severe places is gradually increased when the moderate coastal saline-alkali soil is higher than the mild coastal saline-alkali soil and the severe coastal saline-alkali soil is higher than the moderate coastal saline-alkali soil.
TABLE 1 Main physicochemical Properties of coastal saline-alkali soil
Examples 1 to 3
(1) improvement of coastal saline-alkali soil:
in late 4 months in 2019, leveling the coastal saline-alkali soil by using a bulldozer in three coastal saline-alkali soil places, and deeply ploughing the soil by 50cm by using an excavator to form a leaching layer; carrying out rotary tillage for 1 time by adopting a mechanical rotary tillage mode; setting a test cell: 96 test cells are arranged in three coastal saline-alkali soil with the specification of 5.0m multiplied by 6.0m in the light, medium and heavy places.
And digging small-sized drainage and salt leaching ditches around each test cell, and establishing small-sized drainage and salt leaching systems which are communicated with each other. The depth of the small-sized draining salt leaching ditch is 0.5m, and the widths of the upper opening and the ditch bottom are 1.0m and 0.5m respectively. The small-sized drainage and salt leaching system of the test cell is communicated with the large-sized drainage and salt leaching system around the coastal saline-alkali land, and the leached salt water can be discharged in time.
Vegetable wastes are collected in local vegetable planting bases, hotels and restaurants and the like and are transported to coastal saline-alkali soil. And (3) longitudinally digging strip-shaped ditches with the depth and width of 0.4m in each test cell, wherein the vertical distance from the outer side boundaries of two peripheral strip-shaped ditches to the longitudinal boundary of the test cell is 0.3m, the vertical distance between the boundaries of two adjacent strip-shaped ditches is 0.4m, and 6 strip-shaped ditches are dug in each test cell. Mechanically mashing vegetable waste, adding into strip-shaped ditches, burying soil, and adding vegetable waste 0.2m into each strip-shaped ditch3(i.e., example 1, mild saline-alkali land), 0.3m3(i.e., example 2, moderate saline-alkali land), 0.4m3(i.e., example 3, severe saline-alkali soil), vegetable waste 1.2m was added to each test plot3(slight saline-alkali soil) 1.8m3(moderate saline-alkali soil) 2.4m3(severe saline and alkaline land).
In the last ten days of 5 months in 2019, about 10 days after adding vegetable wastes, 30 planting holes are dug between the strip-shaped ditches in each test cell, the specifications of the planting holes are that the length, the width and the depth are all 0.2m, the vertical distances from the central points of peripheral planting holes to the longitudinal and transverse boundaries of the test cell are respectively 0.9m and 1.0m, and the distance between the central points of two transversely and longitudinally adjacent planting holes is 0.8 m. Adding composite biological modifier 0.004m into each planting hole3。
(2) Planting energy grass and ornamental grass:
1 energy grass and ornamental grass seedling are planted in each planting hole, soil is buried, and 30 plants are planted in each test cell. 4 test plots were planted as 4 replicates per species (variety) of energy and ornamental grass. Random block permutation of all test cells.
The schematic diagram of the test plot, the strip-shaped ditch, the small-sized drainage salt leaching system and the plant hole planning is shown in the attached figure 9.
(3) Irrigation of energy grass and ornamental grass:
and (3) after planting, manually pouring enough fresh water for 1 time by adopting a drip irrigation mode, namely leaching the salt by adopting the manual drip irrigation mode, wherein the drip irrigation time is based on 24 hours, and the clear water is preferably leaked from a salt leaching drainage ditch. After the plants survive, no manual watering is needed, and the salt in the soil is leached completely by means of multiple natural rainfall in the growing season, namely the salt is leached in a natural rainfall mode.
The mass ratio of the composite biological modifier activated carbon, the vegetable waste and the ABT prebiotic peptide used in the embodiments 1-3 is 1: 10: 1.
The composite biological modifier is prepared by the following method:
1) mechanically mashing vegetable waste and uniformly mixing the mashed vegetable waste with biochar to obtain a solid compound;
2) and diluting the ABT exergonic peptide by 300 times with water, adding the diluted ABT exergonic peptide into the solid compound, and uniformly stirring.
Results of the experiment
1. Biological improvement effect of coastal saline-alkali land
In examples 1-3, the biological improvement effect of the vegetable waste and the composite biological modifier is obvious in three coastal saline-alkali soil (table 2), the physical properties of the three coastal saline-alkali soil are obviously improved on the whole, the volume weight of the soil is obviously reduced, and the field water capacity, the total porosity and the capillary porosity are obviously improved; the chemical property of the soil is also obviously improved, although the pH is not obviously reduced, the content of organic carbon is obviously increased, the conductivity and the content of water-soluble total salt are both obviously reduced, and the salt-alkali degree of the coastal saline soil can be reduced to a certain extent by the biological improvement of the vegetable wastes.
TABLE 2 physicochemical properties of coastal saline-alkali soil after biological improvement
Note: the different capital letters of the same index in the table indicate that the index has obvious difference (P is less than 0.05) between three types of coastal saline-alkali soil.
2. Growth characteristics of energy grass on three coastal saline-alkali soil
After vegetable wastes and the composite biological modifier are biologically improved in three coastal saline-alkali soil, common energy grass can be planted and survived, and can grow normally, so that the strong ecological adaptability to the coastal saline-alkali soil is shown (figures 1, 2, 3 and 4), and the growth characteristics of different energy grass species (varieties) show obvious differences on different coastal saline-alkali soil.
Plant height: compared with the mild coastal saline-alkali land, the plant heights of 3 energy grass varieties such as Cave-in-Rock, Nebraska, Trabilazer and the like on the moderate coastal saline-alkali land are obviously increased, the plant heights of other energy grass varieties are reduced to a certain extent or are not obviously different from the mild coastal saline-alkali land, and the 3 energy grass varieties have stronger tolerance to the coastal saline-alkali land than the other energy grass varieties on the growth characteristic of the plant heights; in the severe coastal saline-alkali soil, the plant heights of all the energy grass seeds (varieties) are lower than those of the mild coastal saline-alkali soil and the moderate coastal saline-alkali soil in different degrees, which shows that the severe coastal saline-alkali soil has obviously inhibited the plant heights of common energy grass seeds (varieties).
Tillering quantity: compared with mild coastal saline-alkali soil, the tillering quantity of 6 energy grass varieties such as Blackwell, Cave-in-Rock, Forestburg, Nebraska, Alamo, Kanlow and the like on moderate coastal saline-alkali soil is obviously increased, the tillering quantity of other energy grass varieties (varieties) is reduced to a certain degree or has no obvious difference with mild coastal saline-alkali soil, and the tolerance of the 6 energy grass varieties to the coastal saline-alkali soil is stronger than that of the other energy grass varieties (varieties) on the growth characteristic of the tillering quantity; in severe coastal saline-alkali soil, the tillering quantity of most energy grass seeds (varieties) is lower than that of mild coastal saline-alkali soil and moderate coastal saline-alkali soil in different degrees, which shows that the severe coastal saline-alkali soil has obviously inhibited the tillering quantity of the energy grass seeds (varieties).
Fresh weight on the ground: compared with mild coastal saline-alkali lands, the overground fresh weights of 9 energy grass species (varieties) such as silvergrass, triarrhena sacchariflora and triarrhena sacchariflora (including 7 varieties such as Blackwell, Cave in rock, Forestburg, Nebraska, Alamo, Kanlow, Trailblezer and the like) on the moderate coastal saline-alkali land are obviously increased, and the overground fresh weights of other energy grass species (varieties) are not obviously different from the mild coastal saline-alkali land, which indicates that the tolerance of the 9 energy grass species (varieties) to the coastal saline-alkali land is stronger than that of the other energy grass species (varieties) on the growth characteristic of the overground fresh weight; in the severe coastal saline-alkali soil, the overground fresh weights of all the energy grass seeds (varieties) are lower than those of the mild coastal saline-alkali soil and the moderate coastal saline-alkali soil in different degrees, which indicates that the severe coastal saline-alkali soil has obviously inhibited the overground fresh weights of common energy grass seeds (varieties).
Dry weight on ground: compared with mild coastal saline-alkali soil, the overground dry weight of switchgrass (comprising 6 varieties such as Cave inrock, forest burg, Nebraska, Alamo, Kanlow, Trailblezer and the like), triarrhena sacchariflora, pennisetum hybridum and the like, 8 energy grass varieties (varieties) on the moderate coastal saline-alkali soil is obviously increased, the overground dry weight of other energy grass varieties (varieties) is reduced to a certain extent or has no obvious difference with the mild coastal saline-alkali soil, and the tolerance of the 8 energy grass varieties (varieties) on the coastal saline-alkali soil is stronger than that of the other energy grass varieties (varieties) on the growth characteristic of the overground dry weight; in the severe coastal saline-alkali soil, the dry weights of all the energy grass seeds (varieties) on the ground are lower than those of the mild coastal saline-alkali soil and the moderate coastal saline-alkali soil in different degrees, which indicates that the severe coastal saline-alkali soil has obviously inhibited the dry weights of the common energy grass seeds (varieties) on the ground.
3. Growth characteristics of ornamental grass on three coastal saline-alkali soil
After the vegetable wastes and the composite biological modifier are biologically improved in three coastal saline-alkali soil, common ornamental grass can be planted and survived, and can grow normally, so that the strong ecological adaptability to the coastal saline-alkali soil is shown (figures 5, 6, 7 and 8), and the growth characteristics of different ornamental grass seeds (varieties) show obvious differences on different coastal saline-alkali soil.
Plant height: compared with the mild coastal saline-alkali soil, the plant heights of 6 ornamental grass varieties such as pennisetum setosum, slender miscanthus floridulus, miscanthus rubrum, Miscanthus scandens, Yudaicao No. 2, agrimonia pilosa and the like on the moderate coastal saline-alkali soil are obviously increased, the plant heights of other ornamental grass varieties are reduced to a certain degree or are not obviously different from those of the mild coastal saline-alkali soil, and the fact that the 6 ornamental grass varieties have stronger tolerance to the coastal saline-alkali soil than those of the other ornamental grass varieties on the growth characteristic of the plant heights is shown; in the severe coastal saline-alkali soil, the plant heights of most ornamental grass seeds (varieties) are lower than those of the mild coastal saline-alkali soil and the moderate coastal saline-alkali soil in different degrees, which shows that the severe coastal saline-alkali soil has obviously inhibited the plant heights of the ornamental grass seeds (varieties).
Tillering quantity: compared with mild coastal saline-alkali soil, the tillering quantity of 5 ornamental grass varieties such as short pennisetum alopecuroides, long-spike pennisetum alopecuroides, miscanthus floridulus, miscanthus rigidus, teff grass and the like on moderate coastal saline-alkali soil is obviously increased, the tillering quantity of other ornamental grass varieties (varieties) is reduced to a certain degree or has no obvious difference with mild coastal saline-alkali soil, and the 5 ornamental grass varieties have stronger tolerance to the coastal saline-alkali soil than the other ornamental grass varieties (varieties) on the growth characteristic of the tillering quantity; in severe coastal saline-alkali soil, the tillering quantity of most ornamental grass seeds (varieties) is lower than that of mild coastal saline-alkali soil and moderate coastal saline-alkali soil in different degrees, which shows that the severe coastal saline-alkali soil has obviously inhibited the tillering quantity of the ornamental grass seeds (varieties).
Fresh weight on the ground: compared with the mild coastal saline-alkali soil, the overground fresh weights of 6 ornamental grass varieties such as short pennisetum alopecuroides, long-spike pennisetum alopecuroides, slender miscanthus, red-spike miscanthus, dense-flower miscanthus, agrimony and the like on the moderate coastal saline-alkali soil are obviously increased, the overground fresh weights of other ornamental grass varieties (varieties) are reduced to a certain degree or have no obvious difference with the mild coastal saline-alkali soil, and the tolerance of the 6 ornamental grass varieties to the coastal saline-alkali soil is stronger than that of the other ornamental grass varieties (varieties) on the growth characteristic of the overground fresh weight; in the severe coastal saline-alkali soil, the overground fresh weights of most ornamental grass seeds (varieties) are lower than those of the mild coastal saline-alkali soil and the moderate coastal saline-alkali soil in different degrees, which indicates that the severe coastal saline-alkali soil has obviously inhibited the overground fresh weights of the ornamental grass seeds (varieties).
Dry weight on ground: compared with the mild coastal saline-alkali soil, the overground dry weights of 5 ornamental grass varieties such as short pennisetum alopecuroides, long-spike pennisetum alopecuroides, slender miscanthus, red-spike miscanthus, teff grass and the like on the moderate coastal saline-alkali soil are obviously increased, the overground dry weights of other ornamental grass varieties (varieties) are reduced to a certain degree or have no obvious difference with the mild coastal saline-alkali soil, and the tolerance of the 5 ornamental grass varieties to the coastal saline-alkali soil is higher than that of the other ornamental grass varieties (varieties) on the growth characteristic of the overground dry weights; in the severe coastal saline-alkali soil, the dry weights of most ornamental grass seeds (varieties) on the ground are lower than those of the mild coastal saline-alkali soil and the moderate coastal saline-alkali soil in different degrees, which indicates that the severe coastal saline-alkali soil has obviously inhibited the dry weights of the ornamental grass seeds (varieties).
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting energy grass or ornamental grass in coastal saline-alkali soil is characterized in that a composite biological modifier formed by mixing vegetable wastes, biochar and a polypeptide preparation is added into planting holes in the process of planting the energy grass or the ornamental grass;
the polypeptide preparation comprises deep sea fish protein polypeptide.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide formulation is a liquid formulation, wherein the concentration of the deep sea fish protein polypeptide by mass is greater than 100 g-L-1(ii) a Preferably, the polypeptide agent is an ABT exendin.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the biochar, the vegetable waste and the polypeptide preparation is 1: 8-12: 0.8 to 1.2.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein 0.4 to 0.6m of the bioremediation agent is added per cubic meter of the planting hole3。
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein vegetable waste is buried in the soil around the planting hole before the energy grass or ornamental grass is planted.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the energy grass or ornamental grass is planted 8 to 15 days after the vegetable waste is buried.
7. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the pH of the coastal saline-alkali land is 7.9 to 8.15, and the total amount of water-soluble salts in the soil is 3.0 to 6.0 g-kg-1。
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the energy grass is switchgrass Blackwell, switchgrass Cave in rock, switchgrass forstburg, switchgrass Nebraska, switchgrass Alamo, switchgrass Kanlow, switchgrass Pathfinder, switchgrass Trailblaze, fanggang, silvergrass, polygama, or purple polygama;
or the ornamental grass is short-stem pennisetum, longhead pennisetum, meadowrue, long-order miscanthus sinensis, slender miscanthus sinensis, red-head miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus scanthus, Calrima, Yudaicao No. 1, Yudaicao No. 2 or teff.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the cultivation of the energy grass or ornamental grass is carried out by selecting the cells having a size of (5.0 to 5.5) mx (6.0 to 6.5) m and digging water and salt-leaching ditches around each cell.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the planting is completed and the planting is performed manually until fresh water is poured once and the clear water seeps out of the water draining and salt leaching ditch.
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