CN111066589A - Method for promoting rape late direct seeding, early growth and quick growth and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for promoting rape late direct seeding, early growth and quick growth and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting early growth and quick growth of rape after slow direct seeding planting, which comprises four links of land preparation, base fertilizer application, seed soaking mixed liquor preparation, seed treatment and seeding, wherein the seed soaking mixed liquor preparation comprises the steps of firstly preparing a 6-benzylaminopurine solution with a solution 1 of 10-20 mg/L, then preparing a gibberellin solution with a solution 2 of 10-30 mg/L, and mixing the solution 1 and the solution 2 in equal volume to obtain a seed soaking mixed liquor 3. The seed treatment needs to be carried out by accelerating germination until white appears and then soaking the seeds in the mixed solution 3 for 0.5 to 2 hours so as to fully soak the seeds. By the method provided by the technical scheme, the seedling rate of the rape after direct seeding can reach more than 95%, the two-leaf one-heart period is advanced by 6-15 days, the yield is increased by 7-15%, and the method has important significance for improving the development of the rape industry. In addition, the method is simple and easy to implement, has low technical requirements, not only solves the problem of wasteland discarding in the winter fallow field of late rice areas in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river with low cost, but also can promote rice-rape crop rotation, increase annual output of land, further improve benefits of farmers and have good application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of crop cultivation and breeding, and particularly relates to a method for promoting early growth and quick growth after rape is planted in a late direct seeding mode and application of the method.
Background
Rape is one of the important oil crops in the world, and the planting area and the yield of rape are the first in the world in China. Rape is also the only oil crop in winter in China, can be applied to multiple cropping and crop rotation with rice and other crops, and plays an important role in utilization of winter fallow fields, particularly rice stubble fields in Yangtze river drainage basin. Compared with the main plant edible oil such as soybean oil, the rapeseed oil becomes the first major edible oil product in China, so that the development of the rape industry has very important strategic significance on the edible oil safety in China. The traditional rape planting in China mainly takes transplanting as a main part, the labor intensity is high, the labor is more, along with rural land circulation, the increase of agricultural labor cost and the reduction of rural labor population, the rape seedling transplanting mode is high in planting cost and low in benefit, the planting enthusiasm of farmers is greatly reduced, and the rape planting area is reduced year by year.
The direct seeding of the rape is time-saving, labor-saving and labor-saving, and the whole mechanized planting mode is the inevitable direction of rape development. However, in recent years, the late rice maturity stage of the rape producing area of China is delayed, and the rice-oil crop rotation contradiction is intensified; on the other hand, the rape production cost in China is high, the rape planting benefit after late rice is harvested is low, the enthusiasm of farmers for planting rape is not high, and finally, a large area of winter vacant field appears in the traditional rape planting area. The late direct seeding of the rape refers to direct seeding and planting of the rape in the middle and last 11 months after the late rice is harvested. The late direct seeding is not influenced by late rice stubble, time and labor are saved, but because the seeding period is late and the direct seeding without any treatment during direct seeding leads to slow germination after the seeding of the rape, poor seedling potential and low seedling rate, finally leads to insufficient growth period, low yield and low planting benefit of the late direct seeding rape.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a simple and low-cost rape late direct seeding and sowing treatment method, which can promote the rape to grow early and quickly, lay a foundation for the high yield of the rape, promote rice-oil rotation, increase the income of farmers compared with farmland desertification in winter and have extremely high practical application value.
The purpose of the invention is: provides a method suitable for the early and fast growth of the rape in late japonica rice areas in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river after the direct seeding. Through carrying out a series of simple and easy processing to rape before sowing, promote rape on the one hand and grow soon after direct seeding late, have the seedling fast, advantage that the growth vigor is good, establish the basis for increasing rape output, on the other hand can promote to develop changjiang river basin rape production, alleviate the barren problem of idle field in winter, increase peasant's benefit.
The late live broadcast of the invention means that: after the late rice is harvested, the rape is directly sown in the middle and last 11 months.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for promoting the direct seeding late growth and fast growth of rape, which comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and base fertilizer application;
(2) preparing seed soaking mixed liquid;
(3) seed treatment, namely soaking the rape seeds by using the seed soaking mixed solution prepared in the step (2) after the rape seeds are subjected to germination accelerating and white exposure;
(4) and (3) sowing, wherein the sowing is to directly sow the soaked white exposed seeds in the step (3) in the field prepared in the step (1) and subjected to base fertilizer application.
Further, the soil preparation and base fertilizer application in the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps: after harvesting previous-stubble rice, 25-30 kg of compound fertilizer and 300-350 kg of organic fertilizer are applied to each mu. Then, ploughing and ditching the field, wherein if the previous rice is conventional rice, the field can be directly ploughed and ditched after being fertilized, and if the previous rice is hybrid rice, the field can be further fertilized and ploughed and ditched after being smashed; the width of the ridge surface is 1.3-1.8 m, the width of the furrow is 20-30 cm, and the depth is 25-30 cm.
Further, the step (2) of preparing the seed soaking mixed solution comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing a solution 1, wherein the solution 1 is a 6-benzylaminopurine solution with the concentration of 10-20 mg/L;
(b) preparing a solution 2, wherein the solution 2 is a gibberellin solution with the concentration of 10-30 mg/L;
(c) the solution 1 and the solution 2 were mixed to prepare a solution 3.
Further, the solution 1 in the step (a) is prepared by taking 0.1-0.2 g of 99% content 6-benzylaminopurine, adding 100 ml of acetic acid to dissolve the 6-benzylaminopurine, uniformly mixing, and adding 10 liters of clear water;
furthermore, the solution 1 in the step (a) is prepared by taking 0.1 g of 6-benzylaminopurine with the content of 99%, adding 100 ml of acetic acid to dissolve the 6-benzylaminopurine, uniformly mixing, and adding 10 liters of clear water.
Further, the solution 2 in the step (b) is prepared by taking 0.1 to 0.3 g of gibberellin with the content of 80 percent, adding 100 ml of alcohol to dissolve the gibberellin, uniformly mixing, and adding 10 liters of clean water;
furthermore, the solution 2 in the step (b) is prepared by taking 0.2 g of gibberellin with the content of 80%, adding 100 ml of alcohol to dissolve the gibberellin, uniformly mixing, and adding 10 liters of clean water.
Further, the solution 3 in the step (c) is obtained by mixing the solution 1 and the solution 2 in equal volume.
Further, the seed treatment in the step (3) comprises the following steps: (a) selecting seeds, (b) accelerating germination, (c) soaking seeds.
Further, the seed selection in the step (a) is to select rape seeds with uniform size and plump without being corroded by diseases and insects, soak and sterilize the rape seeds with saline water (1 g of sodium chloride is weighed and dissolved in a small amount of distilled water to be diluted to 100 milliliters) with the mass fraction of 1%, wash the rape seeds with the distilled water for a plurality of times and air-dry the rape seeds for later use; the purity of the rape seeds is not less than 90 percent, and the seed viability is not less than 85 percent.
Further, the pregermination in the step (b) is to wrap the rape seeds subjected to seed selection in the step (a) by using clean wet cloth and put the rape seeds in a humid environment for pregermination, wherein the pregermination environment is 10-15 ℃, the pregermination time is 36-48 hours, and the pregermination time is 20-25 ℃, and the pregermination time is 24-36 hours.
Furthermore, the germination accelerating in the step (b) is to put the rape seeds subjected to the seed selection treatment in the step (a) into a prepared clean container, wrap the container with wet cloth, put the container into an incubator, set the temperature of the incubator to be 25 ℃ for accelerating germination, and expose the rape seeds to be white after accelerating germination for 36 hours.
Further, the seed soaking in the step (c) means soaking the germination-accelerating white exposed seeds in the solution 3 for 0.5-2 hours until the white exposed seeds fully absorb the solution 3.
Further, the seed soaking in the step (c) means soaking the germination-promoted leucorrhea seeds in the solution 3 for 1 hour, so that the leucorrhea seeds can sufficiently absorb the solution 3.
Further, the step (4) of sowing refers to directly sowing the exposed white seeds soaked in the solution 3 in the field prepared in the step (1), covering the seeds with soil properly, and completing the seedlings within 3-5 days.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the method for promoting the direct seeding late and early growth and quick growth of the rape in improving the direct seeding late seedling survival rate of the rape, and/or advancing the seedling stage, and/or advancing the two-leaf one-heart stage, and/or improving the yield.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a method for promoting the late direct seeding and early growth and quick growth of rape, which is suitable for the late direct seeding and planting of rape in late rice areas in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river and has the following advantages:
1. by the method provided by the technical scheme, the rape seedling rate of the rape after direct seeding can reach more than 95%. The heart stage of the two leaves is advanced by 6 to 15 days, and the yield is increased by 7 to 15 percent.
2. The method provided by the technical scheme has important significance for improving the development of the rape industry.
3. The method of the technical scheme is simple and easy to implement, saves the expenditure, has lower operation technical requirements, only needs to master the seed germination accelerating and white exposing technology, and has easily obtained related hormones and lower price.
4. The pre-sowing treatment method provided by the technical scheme solves the problem of wasteland discarding in the winter idle field of late rice areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river with low cost, can promote rice-rape crop rotation, can increase annual output of land, further improves benefits of farmers, and has good application value.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1. Soil preparation and base fertilizer application
Selecting the previous crop as a conventional paddy field, applying 30 kg of compound fertilizer and 300 kg of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer after the rice is harvested, and then turning and ditching, wherein the furrow surface is 1.5 m wide, the furrow width is 25 cm, and the furrow depth is 25 cm.
2. Preparing seed soaking mixed liquid
2.1 solution 1, taking 0.1 g of 6-benzylaminopurine with 99 percent of content, adding 100 ml of acetic acid to dissolve the 6-benzylaminopurine, uniformly mixing, and adding 10 liters of clean water to obtain the compound preparation;
2.2 solution 2, taking 0.2 g of gibberellin with the content of 80%, adding 100 ml of alcohol to dissolve the gibberellin, uniformly mixing, and adding 10 liters of clear water to obtain the gibberellin;
2.3 solution 3, and mixing the prepared solution 1 in the step 2.1 and the prepared solution 2 in the step 2.2 in equal volume.
3. Seed treatment
3.1 selecting seeds, preferably full rape seeds with uniform size and no disease and insect erosion. Soaking in 1% physiological saline for sterilization, washing with distilled water for several times, and air drying for use. The treated rape seeds are full and free from plant diseases and insect pests, the seed purity is 95 percent, the seed activity is 90 percent,
3.2 accelerating germination, namely putting the seeds in the step 3.1 into a prepared clean container, wrapping the seeds with wet cloth, putting the container into an incubator, setting the temperature of the incubator to be 25 ℃ for accelerating germination, and exposing the rape seeds to white within 36 hours.
3.3 soaking seeds, soaking the leucorrhea seeds in the step 3.2 in the solution 3 obtained in the step 2.3 for 1 hour, and preferably, the leucorrhea seeds fully absorb the solution 3.
4. Seeding
And (3) directly sowing the dewy seeds soaked in the solution 3 in the field prepared in the step (1) in a drilling mode, wherein the mu density is 2.8 ten thousand.
And (5) performing normal fertilizer and water management after seedling emergence.
Comparative example 1
The soil preparation, base fertilizer application and sowing in the comparative example are the same as those in example 1, except that:
3. seed treatment
3.1 selecting seeds, preferably full rape seeds with uniform size and no disease and insect erosion. Soaking in 1% physiological saline for sterilization, washing with distilled water for several times, and air drying for use. The treated rape seeds are full and free from plant diseases and insect pests, the seed purity is 95 percent, the seed viability is 90 percent,
3.2 accelerating germination, namely putting the seeds in the step 3.1 into a prepared clean container, wrapping the seeds with wet cloth, putting the container into an incubator, setting the temperature of the incubator to be 25 ℃ for accelerating germination, and exposing the rape seeds for about 36 hours.
3.3 soaking the seeds, namely soaking the leucorrhea seeds in the step 3.2 in clear water.
In the example 1, seedlings are aligned 4 days after sowing, 3 days earlier than that in the comparative example 1, the two-leaf one-heart period is 6 days earlier than that in the control, the yield is increased by 14.6 kg than that in the control, and the yield increase amplitude is 10.23%.
| Treatment of | Rape variety | Date of sowing | Seedling aligning | Two leaves and one heart | Yield (mu) |
| Example 1 | Zhejiang oil 50 | 11 month and 20 days | 11 month and 24 days | 12 month and 9 days | 157.4 kg |
| Comparative example 1 | Zhejiang oil 50 | 11 month and 20 days | 11 months and 27 days | 12 month and 15 days | 142.8 kg |
Example 2
1. Soil preparation and base fertilizer application
Selecting the previous crop as a conventional paddy field, applying 25 kg of compound fertilizer and 350 kg of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer after the rice is harvested, and then turning and ditching, wherein the furrow surface is 1.3 m wide, the furrow width is 20 cm, and the furrow depth is 30 cm.
2. Preparing seed soaking mixed liquid
2.1 solution 1, taking 0.2 g of 6-benzylaminopurine with 99 percent of content, adding 100 ml of acetic acid to dissolve the 6-benzylaminopurine, uniformly mixing, and adding 10 liters of clean water to obtain the compound preparation;
2.2 solution 2, taking 0.2 g of gibberellin with the content of 80%, adding 100 ml of alcohol to dissolve the gibberellin, uniformly mixing, and adding 10 liters of clear water to obtain the gibberellin;
2.3 solution 3, and mixing the prepared solution 1 in the step 2.1 and the prepared solution 2 in the step 2.2 in equal volume.
3. Seed treatment
3.1 selecting seeds, preferably full rape seeds with uniform size and no disease and insect erosion. Soaking in 1% physiological saline for sterilization, washing with distilled water for several times, and air drying for use. The treated rape seeds are full and free from plant diseases and insect pests, the seed purity is 90 percent, the seed activity is 85 percent,
3.2 accelerating germination, namely putting the seeds obtained in the step 3.1 into a prepared clean container, wrapping the seeds with wet cloth, accelerating germination at room temperature, and exposing the seeds to white within 48 hours.
3.3 soaking seeds, soaking the white exposed seeds in the step 3.2 in the solution 3 obtained in the step 2.3 for 0.5 hour, and preferably, the white exposed seeds fully absorb the solution 3.
4. Seeding
And (3) directly sowing the dewy seeds soaked in the solution 3 in the field prepared in the step (1), and covering soil properly after manual broadcasting, wherein the density is 3.5 ten thousand plants per mu. And (5) performing normal fertilizer and water management after seedling emergence.
Comparative example 2
The soil preparation, base fertilizer application and sowing in this comparative example were the same as those in example 2, except that rape seeds were sown directly in the field without pregermination and seed soaking after the selection.
In the example 2, seedlings are aligned 4 days after sowing, 8 days earlier than that in the comparative example 2, the two-leaf one-heart period is 13 days earlier than that in the control, the yield is increased by 9.1kg than that in the control, and the yield increase amplitude is 7.12%.
| Treatment of | Rape variety | Date of sowing | Seedling aligning | Two leaves and one heart | Yield (mu) |
| Example 2 | Zhejiang oil 50 | 11 month and 25 days | 11 month and 29 days | 12 month and 15 days | 136.9 kg |
| Comparative example 2 | Zhejiang oil 50 | 11 month and 25 days | 12 month and 07 day | 12 month and 28 days | 127.8 kg |
Example 3
1. Soil preparation and base fertilizer application
The previous stubble is selected as a hybrid rice field, after the rice is harvested, straws are further crushed, 30 kg of compound fertilizer and 300 kg of organic fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer, and then plowing and ditching are carried out, wherein the width of a furrow surface is 1.8 m, the width of a furrow is 30 cm, and the depth of the furrow is 30 cm.
2. Preparing seed soaking mixed liquid
2.1 solution 1, taking 0.15 g of 6-benzylaminopurine with 99 percent of content, adding 100 ml of acetic acid to dissolve the 6-benzylaminopurine, uniformly mixing, and adding 10 liters of clean water to obtain the compound preparation;
2.2 solution 2, taking 0.15 g of gibberellin with the content of 80%, adding 100 ml of alcohol to dissolve the gibberellin, uniformly mixing, and adding 10 liters of clear water to obtain the gibberellin;
2.3 solution 3, and mixing the prepared solution 1 in the step 2.1 and the prepared solution 2 in the step 2.2 in equal volume.
3. Seed treatment
3.1 selecting seeds, preferably full rape seeds with uniform size and no disease and insect erosion. Soaking in 1% physiological saline for sterilization, washing with distilled water for several times, and air drying for use. The treated rape seeds are full and free of plant diseases and insect pests, the seed purity is 90%, and the seed activity is 85%.
3.2 accelerating germination, namely putting the seeds obtained in the step 3.1 into a prepared clean container, wrapping the seeds with wet cloth, putting the container at room temperature for accelerating germination, and exposing the seeds to white within 48 hours.
3.3 soaking seeds, soaking the leucorrhea seeds in the step 3.2 in the solution 3 obtained in the step 2.3 for 1 hour, and preferably, the leucorrhea seeds fully absorb the solution 3.
4. Seeding
And (3) directly sowing the dewy seeds soaked in the solution 3 in the field prepared in the step (1) in a drilling mode, wherein the mu density is 3.5 ten thousand.
And (5) performing normal fertilizer and water management after seedling emergence.
Comparative example 3
The soil preparation, base fertilizer application and sowing in this comparative example were the same as in example 3, except that:
3. seed treatment
3.1 selecting seeds, preferably full rape seeds with uniform size and no disease and insect erosion. Soaking in 1% physiological saline for sterilization, washing with distilled water for several times, and air drying for use. The treated rape seeds are full and free from plant diseases and insect pests, the seed purity is 90 percent, the seed viability is 85 percent,
3.2 accelerating germination, namely putting the seeds obtained in the step 3.1 into a prepared clean container, wrapping the seeds with wet cloth, accelerating germination at room temperature, and exposing the seeds to white within about 48 hours.
3.3 soaking the seeds, namely soaking the leucorrhea seeds in the step 3.2 in clear water.
In the example 3, seedlings are aligned 5 days after sowing, the seedling is advanced 2 days compared with the comparative example 3, the two-leaf one-heart period is advanced 7 days compared with the control, the yield is increased by 10.4 kg compared with the control, and the yield increase amplitude is 9.2%.
| Treatment of | Rape variety | Date of sowing | Seedling aligning | Two leaves and one heart | Yield (mu) |
| Example 3 | Zhejiang oil 50 | 11 month and 20 days | 11 month and 25 days | 12 month and 11 days | 123.5 kg |
| Comparative example 3 | Zhejiang oil 50 | 11 month and 20 days | 11 months and 27 days | 12 month and 18 days | 113.1 kg |
Example 4
1. Soil preparation and base fertilizer application
The previous stubble is selected as a hybrid rice field, after the rice is harvested, straw is further crushed, 30 kg of compound fertilizer and 350 kg of organic fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer, and then plowing and ditching are carried out, wherein the width of a furrow surface is 1.5 m, the width of a furrow is 25 cm, and the depth is 25 cm.
2. Preparing seed soaking mixed liquid
2.1 solution 1, taking 0.1 g of 6-benzylaminopurine with 99 percent of content, adding 100 ml of acetic acid to dissolve the 6-benzylaminopurine, uniformly mixing, and adding 10 liters of clean water to obtain the compound preparation;
2.2 solution 2, taking 0.2 g of gibberellin with the content of 80%, adding 100 ml of alcohol to dissolve the gibberellin, uniformly mixing, and adding 10 liters of clear water to obtain the gibberellin;
2.3 solution 3, and mixing the prepared solution 1 in the step 2.1 and the prepared solution 2 in the step 2.2 in equal volume.
3. Seed treatment
3.1 selecting seeds, preferably full rape seeds with uniform size and no disease and insect erosion. Soaking in 1% physiological saline for sterilization, washing with distilled water for several times, and air drying for use. The treated rape seeds are full and free from plant diseases and insect pests, the seed purity is 95 percent, the seed activity is 90 percent,
3.2 accelerating germination, namely putting the seeds in the step 3.1 into a prepared clean container, wrapping the seeds with wet cloth, putting the container into an incubator, setting the temperature of the incubator to be 25 ℃ for accelerating germination, and exposing the rape seeds to white within 36 hours.
3.3 soaking seeds, soaking the leucorrhea seeds in the step 3.2 in the solution 3 obtained in the step 2.3 for 1 hour, and preferably, the leucorrhea seeds fully absorb the solution 3.
4. Seeding
And (3) directly sowing the dewy seeds soaked in the solution 3 in the field prepared in the step (1) in a drilling mode, wherein the mu density is 3.5 ten thousand.
And (5) performing normal fertilizer and water management after seedling emergence.
Comparative example 4
The soil preparation, base fertilizer application and sowing in this comparative example were the same as in example 4, except that rape seeds were sown directly in the field without pregermination and seed soaking after the selection.
In the example 4, seedlings are aligned 5 days after sowing, 9 days earlier than that of the comparative example 4, the two-leaf one-heart period is 14 days earlier than that of the control, the yield is increased by 16.2 kg than that of the control, and the yield increase amplitude is 15.1%.
| Treatment of | Rape variety | Date of sowing | Seedling aligning | Two leaves and one heart | Yield (mu) |
| Example 4 | Zhejiang oil 50 | 11 month and 20 days | 11 month and 25 days | 12 month and 11 days | 123.5 kg |
| Comparative example 4 | Zhejiang oil 50 | 11 month and 20 days | 12 month and 4 days | 12 month and 25 days | 107.3 kg |
Claims (10)
1. A method for promoting the direct seeding, early growth and quick growth of rape is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and base fertilizer application;
(2) preparing seed soaking mixed liquid;
(3) seed treatment, namely soaking the rape seeds by using the seed soaking mixed solution prepared in the step (2) after the rape seeds are subjected to germination accelerating and white exposure;
(4) and (3) sowing, wherein the sowing is to directly sow the soaked white exposed seeds in the step (3) in the field prepared in the step (1) and subjected to base fertilizer application.
2. The method for promoting the direct seeding late growth and fast growth of rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil preparation and base fertilizer application in step (1) are specifically: after harvesting previous-stubble rice, applying 25-30 kg of compound fertilizer per mu and 300-350 kg of organic fertilizer per mu; then, ploughing and ditching the field, wherein if the previous rice is conventional rice, the field can be directly ploughed and ditched after fertilization, and if the previous rice is hybrid rice, the field can be further smashed into straws, then fertilized and ploughed and ditched; the width of the ridge surface is 1.3-1.8 m, the width of the furrow is 20-30 cm, and the depth is 25-30 cm.
3. The method for promoting the direct seeding and early growth and quick growth of rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (2) of preparing the seed soaking mixed solution comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing a solution 1, wherein the solution 1 is a 6-benzylaminopurine solution with the concentration of 10-20 mg/L;
preferably, the solution 1 is prepared by taking 0.1-0.2 g of 99% content 6-benzylaminopurine, adding 100 ml of acetic acid to dissolve the 6-benzylaminopurine, uniformly mixing, and adding 10 liters of clear water;
more preferably, the solution 1 in the step (a) is prepared by taking 0.1 g of 6-benzylaminopurine with 99% content, adding 100 ml of acetic acid to dissolve the 6-benzylaminopurine, uniformly mixing, and adding 10 liters of clear water;
(b) preparing a solution 2, wherein the solution 2 is a gibberellin solution with the concentration of 10-30 mg/L;
preferably, the solution 2 in the step (b) is prepared by taking 0.1 to 0.3 g of gibberellin with the content of 80 percent, adding 100 ml of alcohol to dissolve the gibberellin, uniformly mixing, and adding 10 liters of clear water;
more preferably, the solution 2 in the step (b) is prepared by taking 0.2 g of gibberellin with the content of 80%, adding 100 ml of alcohol to dissolve the gibberellin, uniformly mixing, and adding 10 liters of clean water.
(c) The solution 1 and the solution 2 were mixed to prepare a solution 3.
4. The method for promoting the direct seeding late growth and fast growth of the rape as claimed in claim 3, wherein the solution 3 in the step (c) is obtained by mixing the solution 1 and the solution 2 in equal volume.
5. The method for promoting the direct seeding and early growing of rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed treatment of the step (3) comprises the following steps:
(a) selecting seeds, (b) accelerating germination, (c) soaking seeds.
6. The method for promoting the direct seeding late growth and fast growth of rape as claimed in claim 5, wherein the seed selection in step (a) is to select the rape seeds with uniform size, plump and no disease and insect erosion, soak the seeds in 1% saline water for disinfection, wash the seeds with distilled water, and dry the seeds in the air for standby; the purity of the rape seeds is not less than 90 percent, and the seed viability is not less than 85 percent.
7. The method for promoting the direct seeding late, early and fast germination of rape as claimed in claim 5, wherein the germination accelerating in step (b) is to wrap the rape seeds selected in step (a) with clean wet cloth and put the wrapped rape seeds in a humid environment for accelerating germination, wherein the accelerating germination is carried out for 36-48 hours under the condition that the accelerating germination environment is 10-15 ℃, and the accelerating germination is carried out for 24-36 hours under the condition that the accelerating germination environment is 20-25 ℃.
Preferably, the germination accelerating in the step (b) is to put the rape seeds subjected to seed selection in the step (a) into a prepared clean container, wrap the container with wet cloth, put the container into an incubator, set the temperature of the incubator to be 25 ℃ for accelerating germination, and expose the rape seeds to white after accelerating germination for 36 hours.
8. The method for promoting the direct seeding, early growth and quick growth of rape as claimed in claim 5, wherein the seed soaking in the step (c) is to soak the germination-promoted white exposed seeds in the solution 3 for 0.5-2 hours until the white exposed seeds fully absorb the solution 3.
Preferably, the seed soaking in step (c) refers to soaking the germination-accelerating white exposed seeds in the solution 3 for 1 hour, so that the white exposed seeds can fully absorb the solution 3.
9. The method for promoting the direct seeding late-emergence and fast growth of rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding in step (4) means that the white exposed seeds soaked in the solution 3 are directly sown in the field prepared in step (1), covered with soil, and seedlings can be leveled in about 3-5 days.
10. The method for promoting the direct seeding and early growth and quick growth of rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method is used for improving the direct seeding and seedling rate of rape, and/or advancing the seedling stage of rape, and/or advancing the two-leaf one-heart stage, and/or improving the yield.
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