CN111065629A - 钆布醇中间体和使用钆布醇中间体的加多酚生产方法 - Google Patents
钆布醇中间体和使用钆布醇中间体的加多酚生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229960003411 gadobutrol Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- ZPDFIIGFYAHNSK-CTHHTMFSSA-K 2-[4,10-bis(carboxylatomethyl)-7-[(2r,3s)-1,3,4-trihydroxybutan-2-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl]acetate;gadolinium(3+) Chemical compound [Gd+3].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)N1CCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC1 ZPDFIIGFYAHNSK-CTHHTMFSSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 lithium halogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- QBPPRVHXOZRESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane Chemical compound C1CNCCNCCNCCN1 QBPPRVHXOZRESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940075613 gadolinium oxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001938 gadolinium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940106681 chloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GEKNCWQQNMEIMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dimethyl-3,5,8-trioxabicyclo[5.1.0]octane Chemical compound C1OC(C)(C)OCC2OC21 GEKNCWQQNMEIMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002616 MRI contrast agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 3
- JZNZSKXIEDHOBD-HUUCEWRRSA-N 2-[4,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-7-[(2r,3s)-1,3,4-trihydroxybutan-2-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl]acetic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)N1CCN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC1 JZNZSKXIEDHOBD-HUUCEWRRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYFSGGAVTBSKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl)butane-1,2,4-triol;tetrahydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.Cl.Cl.OCC(O)C(CO)N1CCNCCNCCNCC1 FYFSGGAVTBSKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000003510 Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010067467 Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZPDFIIGFYAHNSK-UHFFFAOYSA-K gadobutrol Chemical compound [Gd+3].OCC(O)C(CO)N1CCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC1 ZPDFIIGFYAHNSK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229940005649 gadopentetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IZOOGPBRAOKZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K gadopentetate Chemical compound [Gd+3].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O IZOOGPBRAOKZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- LGMLJQFQKXPRGA-VPVMAENOSA-K gadopentetate dimeglumine Chemical compound [Gd+3].CNC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.CNC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O LGMLJQFQKXPRGA-VPVMAENOSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229940044350 gadopentetate dimeglumine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QCQCHGYLTSGIGX-GHXANHINSA-N 4-[[(3ar,5ar,5br,7ar,9s,11ar,11br,13as)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-3a-[(5-methylpyridine-3-carbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-1-propan-2-yl-4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-dodecahydro-3h-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl]oxy]-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound N([C@@]12CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@H]5C(C)(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C(O)=O)CC[C@]5(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@H]3C1=C(C(C2)=O)C(C)C)C(=O)C1=CN=CC(C)=C1 QCQCHGYLTSGIGX-GHXANHINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bronopol Chemical compound OCC(Br)(CO)[N+]([O-])=O LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010015866 Extravasation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010024769 Local reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N N-methylglucamine Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRKRRRXSZPZDNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1(CCNCCNCCNCC1)C(CC)C Chemical compound N1(CCNCCNCCNCC1)C(CC)C SRKRRRXSZPZDNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTTSNKDQDACYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trihydroxybutane Chemical group CCCC(O)(O)O GTTSNKDQDACYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960003168 bronopol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036251 extravasation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001605 fetal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002678 macrocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D257/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D257/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
- A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
- A61K49/10—Organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
- A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
- A61K49/10—Organic compounds
- A61K49/101—Organic compounds the carrier being a complex-forming compound able to form MRI-active complexes with paramagnetic metals
- A61K49/106—Organic compounds the carrier being a complex-forming compound able to form MRI-active complexes with paramagnetic metals the complex-forming compound being cyclic, e.g. DOTA
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
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- A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
- A61K49/10—Organic compounds
- A61K49/101—Organic compounds the carrier being a complex-forming compound able to form MRI-active complexes with paramagnetic metals
- A61K49/106—Organic compounds the carrier being a complex-forming compound able to form MRI-active complexes with paramagnetic metals the complex-forming compound being cyclic, e.g. DOTA
- A61K49/108—Organic compounds the carrier being a complex-forming compound able to form MRI-active complexes with paramagnetic metals the complex-forming compound being cyclic, e.g. DOTA the metal complex being Gd-DOTA
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- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
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Abstract
公开了一种能够高纯度合成钆布醇的中间体,钆布醇可用作MRI造影剂;以及公开了使用该中间体的钆布醇生产方法。钆布醇中间体在说明书中由化学式2表示。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及一种钆布醇(gadobutrol)中间体和使用钆布醇中间体的加多酚生产方法。更具体而言,涉及一种能够合成纯度高的、用作磁共振成像(MRI)造影剂的钆布醇的中间体,以及使用该钆布醇中间体的钆布醇生产方法。
背景技术
钆布醇是具有不对称大环并含有钆的一种磁共振成像(MRI)造影剂,可以商品名Gadovist或Gadavist购得。钆布醇的造影作用(contrast action)是基于由钆阳离子和2,2,2-(((10-1,3,4-三羟基丁-2-基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7-三基)三乙酸(下称布醇(butrol))组成的非离子络合物,所述的布醇为大环配体。与常规市售的含离子钆的MRI造影剂(例如钆喷酸单甲葡胺(gadopentetate monomeglumine)、钆喷酸二甲葡胺(gadopentetate dimeglumine)等)相比,大环和非离子结构使钆布醇在体内具有相对优异的物理性能和较高的安全性。
钆布醇为非离子,其渗透压和粘度低于含离子钆的MRI造影剂的渗透压和粘度,能够在造影剂外渗时减少诸如局部反应等副作用。基于钆布醇的布醇的大环配体结构为笼状,并且与钆阳离子牢固结合,因此与具有线性配体结构的钆喷酸单甲葡胺、钆喷酸二甲葡胺等相比,钆阳离子不容易释放。因此,针对由于注射后人体内的游离钆阳离子的毒性而导致的肾源性系统性纤维化(NSF)的安全性也很高。
如下文的化学式5所示,目前存在两种合成布醇(butrol)的方法;布醇是钆布醇的核心前体。一种方法是首先在起始物cyclen的位置10引入三羟基丁烷基团,然后在位置1、4、7引入三乙酸基团。另一种方法是首先在位置1、4、7位引入三乙酸基,然后再在位置3引入三羟基丁烷基。
[化学式5]
前一种方法采用诸如DMF缩醛之类的试剂,以仅选择性地反应cyclen的一个胺反应基团,从而引入三羟基(WO211151347A1,US005980864A);或其采用cyclen的锂-卤素络合物选择性地引入三羟基(WO98/55467,WO212/143355)。后一种方法还采用诸如DMF缩醛之类的试剂来选择性地仅保护cyclen的一个胺反应基团,然后重复进一步的反应和脱保护基的过程(EP2001/058988、US005962679、WO98/056776等)或采用cyclen的衍生物,在该衍生物中,cyclen的胺反应基团以双环形式被保护(WO99/05145)。
然而,这些常规方法具有缺点。例如,这些方法使用已知会引起胎儿畸形并且相对昂贵的材料,诸如DMF缩醛(EP2001/058988、US005962679、WO98/056776、WO211151347A1、US005980864A)。或者,这些方法使用前体而非cyclen,该前体难以被合成为cyclen的衍生物(WO99/05145)。或者所有反应都应就地(in situ)进行且不纯化中间体,因此相对较难进行纯化和过程控制(WO2012/143355、WO2011/151347A1)。另外,以注射剂形式使用的MRI造影剂以及钆布醇具有共同的难点:由于它们具有在有机溶剂中的溶解度低,并且亲水性高的特性,因此难以通过简单的洗涤或结晶,在产物合成过程中除去所产生的无机盐副产物。因此,需要改进生产高纯度的钆布醇的方法。
发明内容
技术问题
本公开的目的是提供一种钆布醇中间体,其能够通过降低盐含量来生产高纯度的钆布醇;以及一种使用该钆布醇中间体的钆布醇生产方法。
本公开的另一个目的是提供一种钆布醇中间体,其能够经济地生产钆布醇,且易于进行工艺控制;以及一种使用该钆布醇中间体的钆布醇生产方法。
技术方案
在一个总体方面,提供一种由下述化学式2表示的钆布醇中间体:
[化学式2]
在另一个总体方面,提供一种钆布醇中间体的生产方法,包括:将1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷与锂-卤素盐反应,以生成cyclen-锂卤素络合物,然后与4,4-二甲基-3,5,8-三氧杂双环[5,1,0]辛烷反应,以获得由以下化学式1表示的N-(6-羟基-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧苯基-5-基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-锂卤素络合物;以及将由化学式1表示的锂卤素络合物与盐酸反应,得到由下述化学式2表示的化合物:
[化学式1]
在另一个总体方面,用氯乙酸将下述化学式2表示的钆布醇中间体烷基化,得到下述化学式3表示的布醇;以及将化学式3表示的布醇与氧化钆反应:
[化学式3]
有益效果
根据本公开中所描述的钆布醇中间体和使用该钆布醇中间体的钆布醇生产方法,不仅可以生产高纯度的钆布醇,而且可以经济地进行生产且易于进行工艺控制。
具体实施方式
实施发明的最佳方式
在下文中,将更详细地描述以下公开。
为了制备根据本发明的钆布醇中间体,首先,通过使作为反应物的1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷(以下称为“cyclen”)和锂-卤素盐反应来制备cyclen-锂卤素络合物。该反应可以在叔丁醇、乙醇、异丙醇等醇溶剂中进行,反应温度通常为85℃至95℃。锂-卤素盐的例子可包括氯化锂、溴化锂等。基于1当量的cyclen,锂-卤素盐的用量为1.0至1.5当量,优选为1.2至1.4当量。在此,如果锂-卤素盐的用量过少,则反应选择性差,从收率的角度出发存在问题;如果锂-卤素盐的量过大,则因形成柔性材料(flexible material)的原因而导致收率降低的问题。当如此获得的cyclen-锂卤素络合物与4,4-二甲基-3,5,8-三氧杂双环[5,1,0]辛烷反应时,获得由下述化学式1所表示的N-(6-羟基-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧苯基-5-基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-锂卤素络合物。此处,X为卤素。
[化学式1]
在上述反应中,基于cyclen-锂卤素络合物,所使用的4,4-二甲基-3,5,8-三氧杂双环[5,1,0]辛烷的量为1.0至1.5当量,优选为1.2至1.4当量。此处,如果4,4-二甲基-3,5,8-三氧杂双环[5,1,0]辛烷的量过少,则由于未反应的物质而导致收率降低的问题;如果4,4-二甲基-3,5,8-三氧杂双环[5,1,0]辛烷的量过多,则由于热解产物而导致纯度和收率降低的问题。
接下来,由化学式1表示的锂卤素络合物与盐酸反应,得到由化学式2所表示的钆布醇中间体(3-(1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1-基)丁烷)-1,2,4-三醇四盐酸盐)。
[化学式2]
在上述反应中,基于化学式1所表示的锂卤素络合物,盐酸的使用量为4.0至5.0当量,优选为4.0至4.2当量。此处,如果盐酸的量过少,则存在的问题是收率降低;而如果其量过多,则存在由于强酸而导致杂质增加的问题。用于合成该盐酸盐的反应可以通过向合成化学式1的化合物的反应溶液中添加盐酸进行,从而无需纯化获得化学式1的化合物的反应溶液或单独分离化学式1的化合物。当通过过滤等从反应物中分离并纯化化学式2所表示的盐酸盐时,可以以高结晶度和高纯度获得化学式2所表示的钆布醇中间体。
接下来,对使用由化学式2所表示的钆布醇中间体的钆布醇生产方法进行描述。
首先,用氯乙酸将化学式2表示的钆布醇中间体烷基化,得到以下化学式3表示的化合物(布醇;2,2,2-(((10-1,3,4-三羟基丁烷-2-基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7-三基)三乙酸):
[化学式3]
该反应可以在碱性水溶剂中进行。例如,用于反应的溶剂可以通过向水中滴加氢氧化钠(NaOH)以形成pH为9至10的碱性介质来制备。该反应通常可以在75℃至85℃的温度下进行。在上述反应中,相对于由化学式2表示的钆布醇中间体,氯乙酸的用量为3.0至4.5当量,优选为3.4至4.0当量。在此,如果氯乙酸的量过少,则存在由于未反应的产物而导致的收率和纯度降低的问题。如果氯乙酸的量过大,则存在除去未反应产物和降解产物的问题。
将反应物在酸性条件下浓缩,过滤,并且具体地,使用纳米过滤系统纯化。纳米过滤系统是具有有机膜的螺旋型反渗透装置,可以过滤或浓缩摩尔质量为200到300道尔顿或更大的物质,且可以通过有机膜分离和纯化具有低分子量的盐和其它水溶性有机-无机材料,以仅回收所需的材料。可以通过纳米过滤系统过滤反应物以获得由化学式3表示的化合物,从该化合物中已去除杂质。
接下来,使由化学式3表示的布醇与氧化钆反应,以获得由下述化学式4(2,2,2-((10-1,3,4-三羟基丁烷-2-基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7-三基)三乙酸钆络合物)表示的钆布醇:
[化学式4]
在上述反应中,基于1当量由化学式3所表示的布醇,氧化钆的用量为0.3至1.0当量,优选为0.4至0.6当量。此处,如果氧化钆的量过少,则存在收率降低的问题,并且存在除去未反应的布醇的问题;而如果氧化钆的量过大,则由于残留的氧化钆而存在过滤性差的问题。反应的反应温度通常为80℃至90℃。
当通过诸如离子交换树脂之类的方法纯化和分离反应物时,可获得纯度为99.7%或更高的钆布醇。作为离子交换树脂,可以串联地(cascaded)使用具有阳离子交换树脂柱和阴离子交换树脂柱的离子交换树脂。可以将上述纯化的粗(crude)钆布醇化合物溶于纯水中,结晶并用醇分离。更具体地,可以在水-甲醇条件下通过两次重复将粗钆布醇化合物重结晶,并在水-乙醇条件下分离。结晶溶剂可以使用诸如甲醇、乙醇、叔丁醇、异丙醇等的醇类溶剂,且也可以使用由5.0至15重量%的水和剩余的醇组成的水和醇的混合溶剂。通常将上文获得的晶体在40℃至45℃下干燥,以获得高纯度的钆布醇。
实施方案的详细说明
在下文中,参考以下实施例更详细地描述本公开,但是本公开不受实施例的限制。
[实施例1]制备由化学式2所表示的钆布醇中间体
将1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷(59.7kg,1当量)、氯化锂(17.64kg,1.14当量)、4,4-二甲基-3,5,8-三氧杂双环[5,1,0]辛烷(50.0、kg,1当量),和异丙醇(131.1kg,2.2体积)添加到反应器中,并且通过将温度升高至85℃至95℃而反应。反应后,向其中加入495.8kg甲基叔丁基醚,并将混合物在20℃至25℃搅拌1小时,过滤,并用47.5kg甲基叔丁基醚洗涤。减压浓缩滤液,并向其中加入176.8kg甲醇,向其中加入163.4kg盐酸,并将混合物在回流下搅拌3小时,然后在减压下浓缩。
将获得的产物在减压下通过向其中添加266.3kg的甲醇(MeOH)而浓缩,然后在减压下通过向其中添加266.3kg的甲醇而浓缩。向其中添加319.5kg甲醇,并将混合物在回流下搅拌3小时,冷却至0℃至5℃,搅拌1小时,然后用53.3kg甲醇洗涤以过滤,并干燥以得到107.5kg的3-(1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1-基)丁烷-1,2,4-三醇四盐酸盐(收率73.4%,纯度98%(HPLC))。
[实施例2]由化学式4所表示的钆布醇的生产
步骤A:布醇的生产
将3-(1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1-基)丁烷-1,2,4-三醇四盐酸盐(107.5kg,1当量)、2-氯乙酸(91.33kg,4.3当量),和纯水(429.6kg,4体积)加入反应器中。然后,将混合物加热并搅拌至75℃至85℃,同时通过逐滴添加40%NaOH将pH维持在9至10,从而终止反应。向混合物中加入133.9kg盐酸,并将混合物减压浓缩。加入169.7kg的甲醇以过滤盐,然后进行纳米过滤,获得2,2,2-(10-1,3,4-三羟基丁烷-2-基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7-三基)三乙酸以进行下一步反应。
步骤B:钆布醇的生产
纳米过滤后,将滤液加入反应器中,并向其中加入氧化钆(46.1kg,1.5当量)。将温度升至80℃至90℃,然后将混合物加热并搅拌以终止反应。然后,通过将获得的产物依次通过阴离子树脂和阳离子树脂而纯化,然后在减压下浓缩。向其中加入90kg纯净水,将温度升至60℃至70℃,向其中加入853.2kg甲醇,并将混合物冷却至0℃至5℃,过滤,用71.1kg甲醇洗涤并结晶。加入90kg纯净水以溶解结晶的钆络合物,将温度升至60至70℃,然后向其中加入853.2kg甲醇,并将混合物冷却至0℃至5℃,过滤,用71.1kg甲醇洗涤,并纯化。加入90kg纯水溶解所得产物,过滤,将温度升至75℃~85℃,然后加入2559.6kg无水乙醇。将获得的产物冷却至0℃至5℃,搅拌1小时,过滤,用169.7kg无水乙醇洗涤,干燥,以得到93.8kg(收率60.9%)的2,2,2-(10-1,3,4-三羟基丁烷-2-基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7-三基)三乙酸,纯度为99.8%(HPLC)。
Claims (6)
3.根据权利要求2所述的钆布醇中间体的生产方法,其中基于化学式1表示的锂卤素络合物,盐酸的用量为4.0至4.2当量。
4.根据权利要求2所述的钆布醇中间体的生产方法,其进一步包括:
过滤作为反应物的由化学式1表示的锂卤素络合物和盐酸,从而以结晶形式获得由化学式2表示的钆布醇中间体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的钆布醇的生产方法,进一步包括:
通过使用纳米过滤系统过滤对应于100至300道尔顿的盐和水溶性低分子物质,纯化作为反应物的钆布醇中间体与氯乙酸。
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