CN111057664A - 一株新型耐盐脱氮菌及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一株新型耐盐脱氮菌及其应用。该菌株命名为:海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06,保藏号为GDMCC No:60752。本发明的海杆菌JB05H06分离自南极罗斯海(E173°11.4'S74°45.6'),深度479m的海洋表层沉积物,是一株新型耐盐且具有异养硝化和好氧反硝化脱氮功能的菌株,对海水中硝态氮和/或氨氮具有很高的脱除效果。鉴于此,海杆菌JB05H06可应用于海水养殖废水的氮素处理和水质改良,在保护生态环境和保障水产动物健康生长的实际应用中具有巨大的潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物应用和环境工程技术领域,具体涉及一株新型耐盐脱氮菌及其应用。
背景技术
随着工农业的发展和人类活动的加剧,大量氮素通过各种途径进入水体,导致各种水体氮素污染日益严重,严重危害环境生态系统和人类的健康。因此,水体脱氮已成为目前水处理研究的热点和重点。
高密度集约化海水养殖模式,一方面,由于养殖密度大、投饵量大,养殖水体中极易造成氮素含量超标,从而对海水养殖动物的健康生长构成严重威胁。过量的氨氮(主要有NH4 +和非离子化NH3两种形式)会对养殖动物形成致命危害,如造成养殖动物免疫活性受迫,亦能破坏养殖动物的皮、胃及肠道面膜,造成体表和内部器官出血,从而导致急性中毒死亡。另一方面,养殖生产中的换水及外排也加剧了周边海域的氮素污染,氮素含量过高导致水体富营养化,藻类大量繁殖,消耗水体中的溶氧,使水变得腥臭。因此,如何经济有效地去除海水养殖水体中过量的氮素污染物,寻找一种高效的海水养殖水质改良剂越来越受到人们的关注。
目前,水体脱氮的处理技术主要有化学、物理和生物方法,其中生物脱氮技术已成为最为广泛的脱氮技术,具有操作简单、适应范围广、处理效果好、基本上无二次污染等优点。微生物脱氮是生物脱氮中研究较多的方法,传统上认为,反硝化过程是在厌氧条件下实现的,而近年来,随着对脱氮菌的深入研究,发现有些菌能在好氧条件下同时具有异养硝化和反硝化的功能,此类菌在去除水体中氨氮、亚硝态氮和硝态氮方面具有独特的优势,能将氨氮或硝态氮最终还原为气体或者自身同化而脱离养殖水体,无残留,不造成二次污染,改善和维持养殖生态平衡,减少疾病发生,在养殖水质改良中具有重要作用。
具有好氧反硝化功能的脱氮菌在生理生化和系统发育上存在多样性。目前已报道过的好氧反硝化细菌主要分布在Pseudomonas、Alcaligenes、Paracoccus、Bacillus、Ochrobactrum、Marinobacter、Sphingomonas等属中,且相关专利也较多。具有脱氮功能的海杆菌(Marinobacter),目前申请的国家发明专利有3项,即申请号为CN201510703056.8的发明专利公布了一种具有反硝化功能的除烃海杆菌STW2及其应用,该专利菌株对硝态氮的脱除效率约为86%;申请号为CN201310660825.1的发明专利公布了一种海杆菌及其应用,该专利提供了专利菌株在废水和高盐废水中的应用,能耐受较高的盐浓度,能够有效的去除高盐废水中的硝态氮和亚硝态氮;申请号为CN201910288825.0的发明专利公布了一株具有好氧反硝化能力的海杆菌及其应用,该专利涉及一株从西南印度洋的深层海水中分离得到的Marinobacter sp.1A14215,该专利菌株能在有氧和无氧条件下,分别以硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐为唯一氮源进行反硝化,且该菌株可在含氮废水、海淡水养殖生物脱氮中应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一株新型耐盐且具有异养硝化和好氧反硝化脱氮功能的海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06,该菌株的生长最适盐度为75g/L,最适pH为8.0-8.5。
本发明的另外一个目的是提供所述的海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06以及包含该海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06的脱氮活菌制剂在脱除硝态氮和/或氨氮中的应用,特别是在脱除海水养殖废水中硝态氮和/或氨氮中的应用。
所述的海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06在高盐及好氧条件下,对氨氮和/或硝态氮均具有较高的脱除率,且该菌株反硝化作用脱除硝态氮时能够产生明显的N2,可应用于海水养殖废水脱氮及水质改良。
本发明所涉及的海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06,分离自南极罗斯海(E173°11.4'S74°45.6',深度479m)深海表层沉积物中分离所得。该菌株保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心(GDMCC),地址为广东省广州市越秀区先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼,保藏日期为2019年08月27日,保藏号GDMCC No:60752。
本发明所涉及的海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06具有以下生物学特征:
(1)海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06,革兰氏阴性,兼性厌氧,细胞为杆状,大小为0.4μm×2.01μm,单生鞭毛,能游动。在2216培养基(Marine Agar)上30℃培养3d,菌落为白色,不透明,中间稍凸,表面光滑,规则圆形,边缘整齐,菌落直径约0.4-0.5mm。
(2)海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06生长所需盐度为30-200g/L,盐度为0-10g/L时不生长,盐度为150-200g/L生长缓慢,生长最适盐度为75g/L。生长所需pH为7.0-9.0,最适pH为8.0-8.5。
(3)16S rRNA基因序列。对海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06的16S rRNA基因序列进行PCR扩增、测序以及BLAST比对,结果显示,海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06的16SrRNA基因序列与Marinobacter algicola DG893T相似性最高,为98.72%,其次与Marinobacter confluentis HJM-18T和Marinobacter salarius R9SW1T的相似性分别为98.36%和98.29%。
本发明所涉及的海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06在好氧及盐度30g/L条件下分别以硝酸盐和铵盐为唯一氮源进行脱氮,其脱除率分别为99.7%和98.9%,且所述菌株在以硝酸盐为唯一氮源进行脱氮时,能产生明显气体。
结合菌株形态特征、部分生理生化及16S rRNA基因序列分析结果,本发明菌株(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06属于海杆菌属,是该属的一个新种,具体为海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06。此外,由该菌株的脱氮特性实验分析结果,本发明菌株(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06是一株新型耐盐且具有异养硝化和好氧反硝化脱氮功能的海杆菌,该菌株可应用于海水养殖废水脱氮处理和水质改良。
本发明的海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06,于2019年8月27日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心(GDMCC),地址为广东省广州市越秀区先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼,保藏编号为GDMCC No:60752。
附图说明
图1为海杆菌JB05H06在透射电镜下(3000×)的照片。
图2为海杆菌JB05H06在固体平板上的菌落形态图片。
图3为海杆菌JB05H06在以NO3 --N为唯一氮源条件下产气结果。
图4为海杆菌JB05H06在不同盐度条件下生长情况。
图5为海杆菌JB05H06在不同pH条件下生长情况。
图6为海杆菌JB05H06在盐度30g/L、以NO3 --N为唯一氮源条件下的脱氮情况。
图7为海杆菌JB05H06在盐度30g/L、以NH4 +-N为唯一氮源条件下的脱氮情况。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1:海杆菌JB05H06的分离纯化及保藏
海洋表层沉积物样品采集自南极罗斯海(E173°11.4'S74°45.6'),深度479m。1g沉积物样品(湿重)加入到10mL无菌海水中,充分震荡混匀,采用梯度稀释涂布法将悬浮液稀释液涂布到2216平板上,置于4℃培养。1个月后从平板上挑取菌落并划线纯化。纯化后的JB05H06菌株分别作甘油管(-80℃)保藏。菌株JB05H06一般使用2216培养基,培养温度为28-30℃。
实施例2:海杆菌JB05H06的鉴定
菌株JB05H06在2216平板上培养3d,菌落为白色,不透明,中间稍凸,表面光滑,规则圆形,边缘整齐,菌落直径约0.4-0.5mm(图2)。透射电镜观察,该菌株细胞为杆状,大小为0.4μm×2.01μm,单生鞭毛,能游动(图1)。采用三气培养箱和厌氧袋(MGC,Mitsubishi)测定菌株需氧类型,结果表明,该菌株为兼性厌氧性菌。分别研究不同盐度(即0,5,10,30,50,75,100,150,200,250g/L)和不同pH(即5.0,5.5,6.0,6.5,7.0,7.5,8.0,8.5,9.0,9.5,10.0)对菌株JB05H06生长的影响,结果显示,该菌株生长所需盐度30-200g/L,最适为75g/L,生长所需pH 7.0-9.0,最适pH为8.0-8.5。
对菌株JB05H06进行分子鉴定。采用CTAB法提取该菌株的基因组,使用通用引物27F/1492R(27F:5’-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3’和1492R:5’-TACGACTTAACCCC AATCGC-3’)扩增16S rRNA基因,并测序以及在EzBioCloud数据库中进行BLAST比对。结果显示,海杆菌JB05H06的16S rRNA基因序列与M.algicola DG893T相似性最高,为98.72%,其次与M.confluentis HJM-18T、M.salarius R9SW1T、M.salsuginis SD-14BT和M.adhaerensHP15T的相似性分别为98.36%、98.29%、98.22%和98.22%。说明菌株JB05H06与M.algicola DG893T、M.confluentis HJM-18T、M.salarius R9SW1T、M.salsuginis SD-14BT和M.adhaerens HP15T是不同的物种。
综上所述,经过形态学、生理生化和分子分类学的鉴定表明,菌株JB05H06系属于海杆菌Marinobacter属的一个新种,并命名为海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06。该菌株于2019年8月27日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,地址:广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼,保藏编号为GDMCC No:60752。
实施例3:海杆菌JB05H06在盐度30g/L条件下的脱氮特性研究
异养硝化培养基:以NH4 +-N为唯一氮源。琥珀酸钠4.68g,无水乙酸钠2.0g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2g,KH2PO4 0.5g,Na2HPO4 0.5g,(NH4)2SO4 0.66g,NaCl 30g,添加微量元素复合液2mL,溶剂为水,调pH至7.4左右,定容至1000mL,121℃,20min,高温高压灭菌。
反硝化培养基:以NO3 --N为唯一氮源。琥珀酸钠4.68g,无水乙酸钠2.0g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2g,KH2PO4 0.5g,Na2HPO4 0.5g,KNO3 1.01g,NaCl 30g,添加微量元素复合液2mL,溶剂为水,调pH至7.4左右,蒸馏水定容至1000mL,121℃,20min,高温高压灭菌。
微量元素复合液:EDTA-Na 58.0g,ZnSO4·7H2O 3.9g,CaCl2 10.0g,MnCl2·4H2O1.0g,FeSO4·7H2O 10.0g,(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O 1.1g,CuSO4·5H2O 1.6g,CoCl2·6H2O 1.6g,溶剂为水,pH调至6.0,蒸馏水定容至1000mL。
216L基础培养基:无水乙酸钠1g,NH4NO3 0.2g,二水合柠檬酸钠0.5g,磷酸氢二钾0.1g,营养肉汤0.5g,蛋白胨5g,酵母粉1g,蒸馏水定容至1000mL。
实验测定方法:NO2 --N采用N-(1-萘基)-乙二胺二盐酸盐分光光度法;NO3 --N采用紫外分光光度法测定硝态氮浓度;NH4 +-N采用钠氏试剂分光光度法。
(1)海杆菌JB05H06产气实验:挑取海杆菌JB05H06分别接种至装有异养硝化培养基、反硝化培养基的带有倒扣的杜氏管中,28℃,180rpm摇菌,后续观察实验结果。培养72h左右,在装有反硝化培养基的试管中观察到有明显气体产生(图3)。
(2)海杆菌JB05H06在不同盐度条件下生长情况:挑取海杆菌JB05H06分别接种至装有2216液体三角瓶中,28℃,180rpm培养48h,取20mL菌液,4000rpm,离心5min收集菌体,用20mL无菌生理盐水重悬,离心,重复2次。向216L基础培养基中添加NaCl,配制成盐浓度分别为0,5,10,30,50,75,100,150,200,250g/L的216L培养基。将海杆菌JB05H06的菌悬液分别接种至装有5mL不同盐浓度的试管中,28℃,180rpm培养,在培养48h时,测定各个试管中菌液OD600,结果见图4。由图4可知,海杆菌JB05H06生长所需盐度为30-200g/L,盐度为0-10g/L时不生长,盐度为150-200g/L生长缓慢,生长最适盐度为75g/L。
(3)海杆菌JB05H06在不同pH条件下生长情况:挑取海杆菌JB05H06分别接种至装有2216液体三角瓶中,28℃,180rpm培养48h,取20mL菌液,4000rpm,离心5min收集菌体,用20mL无菌生理盐水重悬,离心,重复2次。将216L基础培养基中所用的蒸馏水替换为海水(即30g/L海盐),分别以柠檬酸钠(100mmol/L)为缓冲液,调节pH至5.0、5.5、6.0;N-氨基甲酰甲基乙磺酸(100mmol/L)为缓冲液,调节pH至6.5、7.0、7.5,Tris(100mmol/L)为缓冲液,调节pH至8.0、8.5;甘氨酸(100mmol/L)为缓冲液,调节pH至9.0、9.5、10.0。将海杆菌JB05H06的菌悬液分别接种至装有5mL不同pH的试管中,28℃,180rpm培养,在培养48h时,测定各个试管中菌液OD600,结果见图5。由图4可知,海杆菌JB05H06生长所需pH为7.0-9.0,最适pH为8.0-8.5。
(4)海杆菌JB05H06脱氮性能研究:挑取海杆菌JB05H06分别接种至装有2216液体培养基的三角瓶中,28℃,180rpm培养48h左右,取30mL菌液,4000rpm,离心5min收集菌体,用15mL无菌海水重悬,离心,重复2次。最后用30mL无菌3%(30g/L)NaCl溶液重悬。按2%v/v的接种量,将重悬液分别接种至装有100mL异养硝化培养基、反硝化培养基的三角瓶中,28℃,180rpm培养,分别在培养0,6,12,24,31,36,48,54h时,取菌液2mL,离心取上清,分别测定NO2 -、NO3 -、NH4 +浓度。
结果表明,①菌株JB05H06在好氧、盐度30g/L条件下以NO3 --N为唯一氮源进行脱氮时,能产生明显气体。该菌株对140mg/L NO3 --N脱除过程中会有NO2 --N短时间的积累,且在培养31h时NO2 --N浓度积累达到最高值为35.2mg/L,在培养48h时NO2 --N浓度降低至0,培养54h时,NO3 --N浓度降低至0.42mg/L,对NO3 --N脱除率达99.7%(图6)。②菌株JB05H06在好氧、盐度30g/L条件下以NH4 +-N为唯一氮源进行脱氮时,未观察到明显气体产生。该菌株对150mg/L NH4 +-N脱除时,在培养12-24h对NH4 +-N的脱除速率较快,培养54h时,NH4 +-N浓度降低至1.68mg/L,对NH4 +-N脱除率达98.9%,且该菌株在脱除NH4 +-N过程中均未检测到明显的其他形式无机氮的积累(图7)。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出的是,上述优选实施方式不应视为对本发明的限制,本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
序列表
<110> 广东省微生物研究所(广东省微生物分析检测中心)
<120> 一株新型耐盐脱氮菌及其应用
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 1402
<212> DNA
<213> 海杆菌 JB05H06(Marinobacter sp.JB05H06)
<400> 1
gtcgagcggt aacagggggt gcttgcaccc cgctgacgag cggcggacgg gtgagtaata 60
cataggaatc tgcccagtag tgggggatag cccggggaaa cccggattaa taccgcatac 120
gccctacggg ggaaagcagg ggatcttcgg accttgcgct attggatgag cctatgtcgg 180
attagctagt tggtagggta aaggcctacc aaggcgacga tccgtagctg gtctgagagg 240
atgatcagcc acatcgggac tgagacacgg cccgaactcc tacgggaggc agcagtgggg 300
aatattggac aatgggggca accctgatcc agccatgccg cgtgtgtgaa gaaggctttc 360
gggttgtaaa gcactttcag tgaggaggaa aaccttacga ctaatactcg tgaggcttga 420
cgttactcac agaagaagca ccggctaact ccgtgccagc agccgcggta atacggaggg 480
tgcaagcgtt aatcggaatt actgggcgta aagcgcgcgt aggtggtttg ataagcgaga 540
tgtgaaagcc ccgggctcaa cctgggaacg gcatttcgaa ctgtcaggct agagtatggt 600
agaggagtgt ggaatttcct gtgtagcggt gaaatgcgta gatataggaa ggaacaccag 660
tggcgaaggc ggcactctgg accaatactg acactgaggt gcgaaagcgt ggggagcaaa 720
caggattaga taccctggta gtccacgctg taaacgatgt ctactagccg ttgggactct 780
tgaagtctta gtggcgcagc taacgcacta agtagaccgc ctggggagta cggccgcaag 840
gttaaaactc aaatgaattg acgggggccc gcacaagcgg tggagcatgt ggtttaattc 900
gacgcaacgc gaagaacctt acctggcctt gacatgctga gaactttcca gagatggatt 960
ggtgccttcg ggaactcaga cacaggtgct gcatggccgt cgtcagctcg tgtcgtgaga 1020
tgttgggtta agtcccgtaa cgagcgcaac ccctatccct agttgctagc agttcggctg 1080
agaactctag ggagactgcc ggtgacaaac cggaggaagg tggggatgac gtcaggtcat 1140
catggccctt acggccaggg ctacacacgt gctacaatgg cgcgcacaga gggctgcaaa 1200
cccgcgaggg ggagccaatc tcacaaaacg cgtcgtagtc cggatcggag tctgcaactc 1260
gactccgtga agtcggaatc gctagtaatc gtgaatcaga atgtcacggt gaatacgttc 1320
ccgggccttg tacacaccgc ccgtcacacc atgggagtgg attgcaccag aagtggttag 1380
tctaaccttc gggaggacga tc 1402
Claims (9)
1.海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06,其保藏编号为:GDMCC No:60752。
2.一种脱氮活菌制剂,其特征在于,该脱氮活菌制剂包含权利要求1所述的海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06。
3.权利要求1所述的海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06或权利要求2所述的脱氮活菌制剂在脱除硝态氮和/或氨氮中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,是在脱除海水养殖废水中硝态氮和/或氨氮中的应用。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的应用,其特征在于,是在高盐及好氧条件下脱除硝态氮和/或氨氮。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的高盐的盐浓度为30g/L。
7.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06以硝酸盐或铵盐作为唯一氮源在脱除硝态氮和/或氨氮中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的海杆菌(Marinobacter sp.)JB05H06在以硝酸盐为唯一氮源进行脱氮时,能产生明显气体。
9.权利要求2所述的脱氮活菌制剂在水质改良中的应用。
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CN114250172A (zh) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-29 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | 一种海运海杆菌及其应用 |
CN114250172B (zh) * | 2021-12-09 | 2023-05-23 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | 一种海运海杆菌及其应用 |
CN116042457A (zh) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-05-02 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | 一株同时具有反硝化和硝酸盐异化还原为铵功能的海洋杆菌、培养方法及应用 |
CN116042457B (zh) * | 2022-11-18 | 2024-02-20 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | 一株同时具有反硝化和硝酸盐异化还原为铵功能的海杆状菌、培养方法及应用 |
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