CN111053014A - Method for preventing rain without cap in rubber tree rubber collecting process - Google Patents
Method for preventing rain without cap in rubber tree rubber collecting process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111053014A CN111053014A CN201811209217.8A CN201811209217A CN111053014A CN 111053014 A CN111053014 A CN 111053014A CN 201811209217 A CN201811209217 A CN 201811209217A CN 111053014 A CN111053014 A CN 111053014A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- water
- glue
- rubber tree
- tree
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/10—Tapping of tree-juices, e.g. caoutchouc, gum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a cap-free rainproof method in a rubber tree rubber mining process, and relates to the technical field of agricultural production, wherein a water intercepting area is arranged above a rubber tapping area of a rubber tree; the rubber tapping area comprises a rubber guiding groove, the rubber guiding groove inclines from the upper right to the lower left, the water intercepting area comprises a plurality of water guide grooves which are parallel to each other and are cut on the surface of the rubber tree by a cutting knife, the water guide grooves incline from the upper left to the lower right, the lowest parts of the water guide grooves are connected in series through vertical connecting grooves, and water is guided out from the lowest parts of the connecting grooves through flow deflectors; and wax layers are smeared below the glue guide groove and the water guide groove. The method replaces the traditional method for waterproofing the rubber tree rain hat, reduces the complicated installation process, can prevent the influence of rainwater on the collected glue when the single-day rainfall reaches 25 mm, shortens the drying time of the bark after rain, improves the glue collecting efficiency, and has great significance for the glue collecting industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a cap-free rainproof method in a rubber tree rubber mining process.
Background
Hevea brasiliensis, a plant of the genus hevea of the family euphorbiaceae, native to the amazon forest. The special Chinese glue planting areas are mainly distributed in the areas of Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan and the like, and Taiwan can also plant, wherein Hainan is the main glue planting area. The rubber trees are deciduous trees with milky juice, require annual average precipitation of 1150-2500 mm, but are not suitable for planting in low-humidity places, and are suitable for growing in acid sandy loam with deep, fertile, moist and good drainage soil layers.
Natural rubber is an elastic solid obtained by subjecting natural latex collected from a rubber tree to a processing step such as coagulation and drying. The rubber has a series of physical and chemical properties, particularly excellent characteristics such as rebound resilience, insulativity, water resistance and plasticity, and has precious properties such as oil resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, heat resistance, cold resistance, pressure resistance and wear resistance after being properly treated, so the rubber has wide application. Such as rain shoes, hot water bags, elastic bands used in daily life; surgeon gloves, blood delivery tubes, condoms used in the medical and health industry; various tires used in transportation; conveyor belts, acid and base resistant gloves used in industry; drainage and irrigation rubber tubes and ammonia water bags used in agriculture; sounding balloons for meteorological measurements; sealing and shockproof equipment for scientific experiments; airplanes, tanks, cannons and gas masks used in national defense; even high-precision scientific and technical products such as rockets, artificial earth satellites and spacecrafts can not be separated from natural rubber.
Rubber trees grow in tropical and subtropical areas with abundant rainfall and hot climate, the rubber juice secretion of the rubber trees is a slow process, the rubber juice secretion is collected after 10 hours of rubber tapping on the barks of the rubber trees, and the rubber quality is seriously affected and the rubber juice is lost if rainwater flows into the rubber juice in the process.
Hainan is used as a main gel planting area in China, is the most tropical marine climate characteristic place in China, is warm and hot all year round, has abundant rainfall, obvious dry and wet seasons, frequent typhoon activity and various climate resources. The annual sunshine hours in the Hainan island are 1750 to 2550 hours, the annual average temperature is 23 to 26 ℃, and no winter exists all year round. The rainfall in the whole island is abundant, the annual average rainfall is more than 1600 mm, and a large amount of rainfall weather has great influence on normal rubber belt picking of rubber trees.
At present, a 'rubber tree rain hat' device is widely adopted in rubber tapping production of rubber trees. When the rain-proof cap is installed, firstly, an adhesive is coated on the trimmed trunk of the rubber tree, the cap collar of the plastic rain-proof cap is tightly attached to the trunk coated with the adhesive, and after the adhesive is well bonded, the cap collar is bound on the trunk by using a staple or a big-end drawing pin, so that the phenomenon of rain flushing can be prevented after rain.
However, in the process of implementing the embodiments of the present application, the inventors of the present application find that the above-mentioned technology has at least the following technical problems:
(1) the existing rain hat for the rubber tree is mostly made of hard materials, and is fixed on the rubber tree by adopting sticky materials for bonding, iron nails and pins or large drawing pins during installation, so that if the rain hat is hit by a heavy object or blown by wind for a long time, the joint of the bonded rain hat is easy to loosen;
(2) the tree is easy to be damaged by fixing with iron nails and the like, if the tree is nailed too deeply, the rubber tree can form tree nodules or bark necrosis, and the rubber can not be cut when the tree nodules or bark necrosis grow, thereby seriously influencing the rubber production quantity of the rubber tree and reducing the rubber production life of the rubber tree;
(3) along with the continuous thickening of the stem of the rubber tree, the bonding and fixing part of the cap collar and the tree body is gradually separated, the cap body is cracked, and rainwater permeates into the cap body and loses or partially loses the rainproof effect;
(4) the installation of current rain-proof cap is wasted time and energy, and the installation is inconvenient, and fixed effect is poor, drops easily to there are more installation, dismantlement scheduling problem still, can harm and adopt gluey cutting edge, influence work efficiency.
How to overcome the above problems becomes a hot spot for those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background art, the embodiment of the application provides a cap-free rainproof method in the rubber tree rubber collecting process, the method replaces the traditional method for performing water prevention by using a rubber tree rainproof cap, the complex installation process is reduced, the influence of rainwater on the collected glue when the precipitation per day reaches 25 mm can be prevented, the drying time of the bark after rain is shortened, the glue collecting efficiency is improved, and the method has great significance to the rubber collecting industry.
The technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the application for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a method for protecting a rubber tree from rain without a cap in the rubber collecting process is characterized in that a water intercepting area is arranged above a rubber tapping area of the rubber tree; collect natural rubber through the rubber tapping district, catch the rivers of following the downcast on the rubber tree through cutting the water district for the water of downcast can not influence the rubber tapping district and collect natural rubber.
The rubber tapping area comprises a rubber guiding groove, the trend of the rubber guiding groove is inclined from the upper right to the lower left, so that more latex tubes can be cut when rubber tapping is performed, higher latex yield is obtained, the trend of the rubber guiding groove is provided with a rubber collecting device at the lowest position, the rubber collecting device is collected through the rubber collecting device, a planned rubber tapping surface is arranged above the rubber guiding groove, and a water cutting area is arranged above the planned rubber tapping surface.
The water intercepting area comprises a plurality of water guide grooves which are parallel to each other and cut on the surface of the rubber tree through a cutting knife, the water guide grooves are inclined from the upper left to the lower right, so that water flow flowing from the rubber tree to the water guide grooves can be ensured, the lowest parts of the water guide grooves are connected in series through vertical connecting grooves, and water is guided out from the lowest parts of the connecting grooves through flow deflectors, so that the purpose of intercepting is achieved; the bending of guiding gutter medial surface upper portion upwards with rubber tree outer wall connection, guarantee that the hydroenergy of rubber tree outer wall can be comparatively smooth and easy flow to the guiding gutter, the inside concave yield in guiding gutter medial surface lower part for the rivers of rubber tree upper portion outer wall enter into the guiding gutter through guiding gutter medial surface upper portion, rivers discharge after flowing to the spread groove along the trend of guiding gutter, the design of guiding gutter so, rivers that can make the collecting in the guiding gutter finally assemble discharge in the spread groove along the trend is downflow.
Lead gluey groove and guiding gutter below all scribble the wax blanket, can be better avoid leading the rubber in the gluey groove excessive through the wax blanket, avoid the rivers outflow in the guiding gutter, improve the collection volume of rubber, solve the problem that glue outflow caused the loss after the rain tapping, further guarantee simultaneously that water on the rubber tree can not flow to the tapping district, can shorten the time of waiting for the bark drying after the rain.
Preferably, the rubber tapping area is 100-130 cm away from the ground.
Preferably, the water intercepting area is arranged at a position 60-80 cm above the tapping area.
Preferably, the depth of the water chute is 2-3 mm, and the diameter width of the water chute is 1.5-2.5 cm.
Preferably, the wax is neutral, the thickness of the wax layer is 1-2 mm, and the neutral wax layer prevents the wax from damaging the rubber tree.
Preferably, the plane covered by the wax layer below the glue guide groove is a reserved section, the width of the plane is 12-14 cm, the reserved section is prevented from being wetted by rainwater by the coverage of the wax layer, the drying of the reserved section is guaranteed, and the width of the wax layer below the water guide groove is 1-2 cm.
Preferably, the glue collecting device comprises a flow deflector and a collecting cup.
The embodiment of the application has the advantages that:
owing to adopted and set up the technological means in glue cutting district top and cut the water district, it has the wax coat all to scribble to lead gluey groove and guiding gutter below simultaneously, so, effectively solved and adopted gluey rain-proof in-process to the rubber tree among the prior art and damage the rubber tree easily, rain-proof effect is relatively poor, and work efficiency is lower not enough, and then realized having reduced loaded down with trivial details mounting process, the influence of rainwater to collecting glue when can prevent that the amount of precipitation reaches 25 millimeters in a single day, shorten the drying time of bark after the rain, the technological effect of the efficiency of gathering glue has been improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the application provides a rubber tree rubber-collecting in-process cap-free rainproof method, solves the problems of the prior art that a rubber tree rainproof cap device is adopted, adopts the technical means that a water intercepting area is arranged above the rubber intercepting area in the rubber tapping process, and realizes the influence of rainwater on the collected glue when the single-day rainfall is prevented to reach 25 mm.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the application has the following general idea:
a cap-free rainproof method in a rubber tree rubber collecting process is characterized in that a water intercepting area 2 is arranged above a rubber cutting area 1 of a rubber tree, the rubber cutting area 1 is 100-130 cm away from the ground, and the water intercepting area 2 is arranged at a position 60-80 cm above the rubber cutting area 1, as shown in figure 1. The tapping area 1 comprises a glue guiding groove 10, the trend of the glue guiding groove 10 inclines from the upper right to the lower left, a glue collecting device 11 is arranged at the lowest part of the trend of the glue guiding groove 10, a planned tapping surface 12 is arranged above the glue guiding groove 10, and a water cutting area 2 is arranged above the planned tapping surface 12; the water intercepting area 2 comprises a plurality of water guide grooves 21 which are parallel to each other and cut on the surface of the rubber tree through a cutting knife, the depth of each water guide groove 21 is 2-3 mm, the diameter width of each water guide groove 21 is 1.5-2.5 cm, the water guide grooves 21 incline from the upper left to the lower right, the lowest parts of the plurality of water guide grooves 21 are connected in series through vertical connecting grooves 22, and the lowest parts of the connecting grooves 22 lead out water through flow deflectors; the upper part of the inner side surface of the water chute 21 is bent upwards and connected with the outer wall of the rubber tree, and the lower part of the inner side surface of the water chute 21 is recessed inwards, so that water flow on the outer wall of the upper part of the rubber tree enters the water chute 21 through the upper part of the inner side surface of the water chute 21, and the water flow flows to the connecting groove 22 along the trend of the water chute 21 and then is discharged; neutral wax is smeared below the glue guide groove 10 and the water guide groove 21, the thickness of the wax layer 23 (or 13) is 1-2 mm, the plane covered by the wax layer 13 below the glue guide groove is a reserved section, the width is 12-14 cm, the reserved section is prevented from being wetted by rainwater, and the drying of the reserved section is ensured.
Compared with the traditional technology, the invention can achieve the following advantages:
the comparison shows that the installation efficiency of the rubber tree harvester is greatly improved, the effective service time is consistent with that of the traditional technology, and as the weather is easy to change in places where rubber trees grow, and the rubber tree harvester always rains, the method shortens the operation time after the rubber tree harvester stops raining, greatly improves the operation efficiency, greatly reduces the cost, increases the number of effective rubber tapping days increased all the year round, provides favorable guarantee for rubber collection, and brings great social benefit.
Finally, it should be noted that: it should be understood that the above examples are only for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A cap-free rainproof method in the rubber collecting process of a rubber tree is characterized in that a water intercepting area is arranged above a rubber tapping area of the rubber tree;
the glue cutting area comprises a glue guiding groove, the direction of the glue guiding groove inclines from the upper right to the lower left, a glue collecting device is arranged at the lowest part of the direction of the glue guiding groove, a planned glue cutting surface is arranged above the glue guiding groove, and a water cutting area is arranged above the planned glue cutting surface;
the water intercepting area comprises a plurality of water guide grooves which are parallel to each other and cut on the surface of the rubber tree through a cutting knife, the water guide grooves are inclined from the upper left to the lower right, the lowest parts of the water guide grooves are connected in series through vertical connecting grooves, and water is guided out from the lowest parts of the connecting grooves through flow deflectors; the upper part of the inner side surface of the water chute is bent upwards and connected with the outer wall of the rubber tree, and the lower part of the inner side surface of the water chute is recessed inwards, so that water flow on the outer wall of the upper part of the rubber tree enters the water chute through the upper part of the inner side surface of the water chute, and the water flow flows to the connecting groove along the trend of the water chute and then is discharged;
and wax layers are coated below the glue guide groove and the water guide groove.
2. The method for protecting the rubber tree from rain without the cap in the rubber tree rubber-collecting process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rubber-tapping area is 100-130 cm away from the ground.
3. The method for protecting a rubber tree from rain without a cap in the rubber tapping process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water intercepting region is arranged 60-80 cm above the rubber tapping region.
4. The method for protecting the rubber tree from rain without the cap in the rubber tapping process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the depth of the water chute is 2-3 mm, and the diameter of the water chute is 1.5-2.5 cm.
5. The method for protecting the cap from rain in the rubber tree tapping process as claimed in claim 4, wherein the wax is neutral and the thickness of the wax layer is 1-2 mm.
6. The method for protecting the rubber tree from rain and without the cap in the rubber tapping process as claimed in claim 5, wherein the surface covered by the wax layer under the rubber guiding groove has a reserved section with a width of 12-14 cm, and the wax layer under the rubber guiding groove has a width of 1-2 cm.
7. The method for protecting a rubber tree from rain without a cap in the rubber tapping process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the rubber collecting device comprises a deflector and a collecting cup.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811209217.8A CN111053014B (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | Method for preventing rain without cap in rubber tree rubber collecting process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811209217.8A CN111053014B (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | Method for preventing rain without cap in rubber tree rubber collecting process |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111053014A true CN111053014A (en) | 2020-04-24 |
| CN111053014B CN111053014B (en) | 2022-03-04 |
Family
ID=70296925
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811209217.8A Active CN111053014B (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | Method for preventing rain without cap in rubber tree rubber collecting process |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111053014B (en) |
Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB257559A (en) * | 1926-07-24 | 1926-09-02 | Malcolm Watson | Improvements in or relating to the collection of latex from rubber trees |
| CN2259052Y (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 1997-08-13 | 葛以明 | Rainproof device for tapping panel of rubber tree |
| CN2794155Y (en) * | 2005-06-20 | 2006-07-12 | 王强 | Rain-proofdevice for improvea rubber tapping of rubber tree |
| CN1860850A (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-15 | 金七七七有限公司 | Improving method of mucilage extraction |
| CN2925072Y (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-25 | 刘伟 | Draining channel of rubber tree |
| CN201104422Y (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2008-08-27 | 李太雄 | Rainproof and water-discharge belt for caoutchouc tree |
| CN201550479U (en) * | 2009-07-20 | 2010-08-18 | 汪琇琳 | Rain-proof cap of rubber latex cup for tapping |
| CN202068799U (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2011-12-14 | 吴庆云 | Rainproof bowl cover for rubber tapping of rubber trees |
| CN104604640A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-05-13 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Rubber tree rubber tapping method |
| CN105993837A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-10-12 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Method and device for collection of natural rubber latex |
| CN106912353A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-07-04 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Automatic batching out unit and automatic dumping method |
| CN206713652U (en) * | 2017-05-14 | 2017-12-08 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | A kind of glue cup frame collected for latex |
| US20180049379A1 (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2018-02-22 | Hanmin HU | System for tapping and collecting rubber |
-
2018
- 2018-10-17 CN CN201811209217.8A patent/CN111053014B/en active Active
Patent Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB257559A (en) * | 1926-07-24 | 1926-09-02 | Malcolm Watson | Improvements in or relating to the collection of latex from rubber trees |
| CN2259052Y (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 1997-08-13 | 葛以明 | Rainproof device for tapping panel of rubber tree |
| CN1860850A (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-15 | 金七七七有限公司 | Improving method of mucilage extraction |
| CN2794155Y (en) * | 2005-06-20 | 2006-07-12 | 王强 | Rain-proofdevice for improvea rubber tapping of rubber tree |
| CN2925072Y (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-25 | 刘伟 | Draining channel of rubber tree |
| CN201104422Y (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2008-08-27 | 李太雄 | Rainproof and water-discharge belt for caoutchouc tree |
| CN201550479U (en) * | 2009-07-20 | 2010-08-18 | 汪琇琳 | Rain-proof cap of rubber latex cup for tapping |
| CN202068799U (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2011-12-14 | 吴庆云 | Rainproof bowl cover for rubber tapping of rubber trees |
| CN104604640A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-05-13 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Rubber tree rubber tapping method |
| CN105993837A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-10-12 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Method and device for collection of natural rubber latex |
| US20180049379A1 (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2018-02-22 | Hanmin HU | System for tapping and collecting rubber |
| CN106912353A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-07-04 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Automatic batching out unit and automatic dumping method |
| CN206713652U (en) * | 2017-05-14 | 2017-12-08 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | A kind of glue cup frame collected for latex |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111053014B (en) | 2022-03-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Peri et al. | Windbreaks in southern Patagonia, Argentina: A review of research on growth models, windspeed reduction, and effects oncrops | |
| CN205491884U (en) | A system that utilizes is collected to rainwater for roof garden | |
| CN102246628A (en) | Rain collecting and fertilizer applying method for trees | |
| CN102714987A (en) | Cassava seed stalk wintering storage method applicable to high-latitude areas | |
| CN105660296A (en) | Citrus full-tree cold-proof coverage technology | |
| CN111053014B (en) | Method for preventing rain without cap in rubber tree rubber collecting process | |
| Pearson | Light and moisture in forestry | |
| CN207369720U (en) | Windproof agricultural greenhouse | |
| Zongdao et al. | Rubber cultivation under climatic stresses in China | |
| CN206866174U (en) | A kind of high-quality dragon fruit plantation frame | |
| CN107006600A (en) | A kind of storage for the winter method of the regional cassava seed stems of frost | |
| Rao et al. | Climatic features and crop production | |
| CN105248487A (en) | Application method for root anti-freezing solution | |
| Vinod et al. | EARLY PERFORMANCE OF SOME CLONES OF | |
| CN101347085A (en) | Catchment thin film for improving survival rate of planting in desert | |
| CN205143011U (en) | Full earthing roofing planting device with water and drainage device | |
| CN205143010U (en) | Light -duty full earthing roofing planting device | |
| CN107371911B (en) | Method for controlling humidity and improving illumination environment of northern greenhouse cherries | |
| CN212131362U (en) | Drainage valve for accumulated water in plastic film of greenhouse | |
| CN111567304A (en) | Method for effectively improving survival rate of blueberry in waterlogged water | |
| Shaw | Pelee Island and Lake Erie north shore, Ontario: a climatic analysis of Canada's warmest wine region | |
| CN105104450A (en) | Spraying fluid capable of preventing trunk from freezing and bursting | |
| CN111084085A (en) | Fruit tree water control and fruit cracking prevention device and working method thereof | |
| CN112119898B (en) | Dendrobium nobile and tree symbiotic cultivation bag for bionic cultivation and cultivation method | |
| CN203188504U (en) | Greenhouse snow removal device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |