CN111052943A - Chrysanthemum flower-forming plug seedling production method in national celebration period - Google Patents
Chrysanthemum flower-forming plug seedling production method in national celebration period Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a chrysanthemum flowering plug seedling production method in the period of national celebration, belonging to the technical field of chrysanthemum propagation and comprising the following steps: A. preparing before production; B. preparing a matrix; C. trimming the cutting; D. cutting the cutting wood; E. plant growth and maintenance; F. short-day treatment; G. flowering and maintaining, and the chrysanthemum flowering plug seedling production method has the advantages of high survival rate and good plant growth vigor through the synergistic effect of the steps, and can meet the requirements of chrysanthemum in the national celebration period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chrysanthemum propagation, in particular to a production method of chrysanthemum potted tray seedlings for flowering in the period of national celebration.
Background
Chrysanthemum is a perennial root herb of the genus Chrysanthemum of the family Compositae in plant taxonomy. The chrysanthemum is the third of ten famous flowers in China, one of four monarch flowers in the flowers and one of four cut flowers in the world, and the yield is at the top. In the period of national celebration, a large amount of chrysanthemum is used in each big city for the purpose of popularity national celebration, therefore, the flowering time of the chrysanthemum needs to be controlled, namely, the flowering time of the chrysanthemum cannot be too early, and the flowering time of the chrysanthemum cannot be too late, so as to avoid missing the required time of national celebration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a chrysanthemum flower-forming plug seedling production method in the national celebration period, which has the advantages of high survival rate and good plant growth vigor and can meet the requirements of chrysanthemum in the national celebration period.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a chrysanthemum flower-forming plug seedling production method in the period of national celebration comprises the following steps:
A. preparation before production
Selecting chrysanthemum varieties and hole trays;
B. the prepared substrate matrix is formed by combining a bottom substrate, a middle substrate and a surface substrate;
the raw materials of the bottom layer matrix comprise 34-50 parts of peat soil, 20-30 parts of mushroom waste, 8.6-13.5 parts of activated carbon particles, 4.5-7 parts of alumina particles, 9-14 parts of sponge particles, 8-10 parts of sawdust, 13-17 parts of perlite and 12-18 parts of vermiculite; uniformly mixing the raw materials of the bottom substrate, and paving the mixture in the plug tray, wherein the depth of the bottom substrate is 2/5 of the depth of the plug tray;
the raw materials of the middle layer matrix comprise 20-30 parts of black carbon soil, 8-12 parts of microbial sludge, 2.5-3.5 parts of cytokinin, 7.5-10 parts of activated carbon particles, 11-15 parts of alumina particles, 14-20 parts of perlite and 4.5-8 parts of vermiculite; uniformly mixing the raw materials of the middle-layer matrix, and paving the mixture on the surface of the bottom-layer matrix, wherein the depth of the middle-layer matrix is 1/5 of the depth of the plug tray;
the surface layer matrix is one or more of wood chips, grass chips and dead leaves, and is paved on the surface of the middle layer matrix, and the depth of the surface layer matrix is 1/5 of the depth of the plug;
C. pruning cutting
Selecting a cutting without willow buds and flower buds, pruning the cutting at the position of 4-5cm in length, and cutting the bottom of the cutting into an oblique opening to form a cutting, wherein the cutting is provided with 2-3 branches, and one half of leaves of the cutting is cut and the other half is reserved;
D. cutting with cutting slips
Dipping the base part of the cutting into rooting powder under the conditions of 20 days to 7 days and 25 days at 7 months, 20 to 30 ℃ and 80 to 90 percent of humidity, pre-inserting a cutting hole in a substrate of a plug tray, then cutting the cutting into the cutting hole for cutting, wherein the insertion depth of the cutting is 2/3 of the depth of the substrate, the cutting is taken the same day as the day, and after the cutting of the cutting is finished, spraying a carbendazim solution on the cutting;
E. plant growth and maintenance
After more than 50% of cuttings grow 4-6 roots, alternately fertilizing the plants by adopting 20-10-20 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer and 14-0-14 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer, and irrigating roots by adopting 5-8ppm paclobutrazol for 2-3 times per week during the period so as to control the excessive growth of the plants;
F. short sun treatment
Controlling the humidity to be 90% at 3 days-8 days-7 days of 8 months, starting short-day irradiation on the plants, starting irradiation at 8 points in the morning, controlling the irradiation intensity to be less than or equal to 20Lux, controlling the temperature to be 25-30 ℃, starting light shielding at 18 points, controlling the temperature to be 10-15 ℃, simultaneously applying fertilizer by using 10-30-20 parts of 150ppm water-soluble fertilizer, applying fertilizer 1-2 times per week until buds spit color or the diameter of the buds reaches 5-10mm, and simultaneously irrigating roots by using 5-8ppm paclobutrazol to control the excessive growth of the plants;
G. flowering and maintaining
After the short day, the plants in the hole tray are thinned by one time, and the plants are topdressed until the plants bloom.
By adopting the technical scheme, the substrate is optimized firstly, the substrate is formed by combining a bottom substrate, a middle substrate and a surface substrate, the peat soil and the mushroom waste contain a large amount of trace elements and provide nutrient substances for cuttings or plants in the bottom substrate, the bottom substrate has good air permeability and water retention by the synergistic action among the peat soil, the mushroom waste, activated carbon particles, alumina particles, sponge particles, sawdust, perlite and vermiculite, the cuttings in the middle substrate can promote the cuttings to rapidly root, the middle substrate also has good air permeability and water retention by the synergistic action among the black carbon soil, the microbial sludge, the cytokinin, the activated carbon particles, the alumina particles, the perlite and the vermiculite, the middle substrate also has good air permeability and water retention, and the surface substrate can play good isolation, heat preservation and moisture retention effects, through the synergistic effect among the bottom layer matrix, the middle layer matrix and the surface layer matrix, not only can nutrient substances be provided for cuttings or plants, but also good air permeability, water retention and moisture retention can be kept, and meanwhile, the plants can keep good growth vigor.
The method is characterized in that the selection and the pruning of cuttings are optimized, the time, the temperature and the humidity of the cuttings are controlled, the height of plants is controlled by paclobutrazol during the growth and maintenance period of the plants and the short-day treatment period, the uniformity of the plants is improved, the day and night temperature difference is increased during the short-day period, the flowering of the plants is facilitated, the flowering of the plants is more uniform, the plants in a hole tray are thinned by one time during the flowering and maintenance period, the growth of the plants is facilitated, the cuttings have higher survival rate, the plants are strong, the leaves are dark green, the leaves are large and spread, the flowers are bright, good growth vigor is kept, and the requirement of chrysanthemum during the national day and night is met.
More preferably, during flowering and maintaining, the additional fertilizer adopts one of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer 20-10-20 and 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer 14-0-14.
By adopting the technical scheme, the nutrient substances required by the growth of the plants are provided, and the plants are kept in good growth vigor.
More preferably, during the flowering and maintaining period, the plants are fertilized by using 150ppm of water-soluble fertilizer 10-30-20 to keep the plants flowering and bright.
By adopting the technical scheme, not only nutrient substances are provided for the growth of the plants, but also the plants are blossoming, bright and full, and the plants are kept in good growth vigor.
Preferably, during the short-day treatment period, the plants are fertilized with 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer 14-0-14 to prevent wilting.
By adopting the technical scheme, not only nutrient substances are provided for the growth of the plants, but also the plants are prevented from wilting, so that the plants keep good growth vigor.
Preferably, during the short-day treatment period, the plants are subjected to short-day treatment by means of an arched shed covering ground fabric.
By adopting the technical scheme, the short-day treatment of the plants is more convenient and stable.
More preferably, in the cutting of the cutting slips, the rooting powder is the rooting powder IBA with the concentration of 800-.
By adopting the technical scheme, the rooting powder can promote the cuttings to rapidly root, provides nutrient substances for the cuttings through the synergistic effect between the rooting powder and the matrix, and improves the survival rate of the cuttings.
More preferably, in the cutting of the cutting slips, the weight concentration of the carbendazim solution is 0.1%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the carbendazim is a bactericide, has control effect on diseases caused by fungi, can effectively improve the disease resistance of the cuttings and keep the cuttings to grow robustly by spraying the carbendazim on the surfaces of the cuttings,
preferably, in the preparation before production, the chrysanthemum is selected from callistemon freguentheri, and the color of the callistemon freguentheri is one or more of yellow, pink, purple, white and red.
By adopting the technical scheme, the chrysanthemum varieties are optimized, and the chrysanthemum ball not only is convenient to survive, but also can meet the requirement of blooming in the period of national celebration.
More preferably, in pre-production preparation, the well plate is a 72-hole well plate.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the chrysanthemum flower-forming plug seedling production method in the national celebration period has the advantages of high survival rate and good plant growth through the synergistic effect of the steps, and can meet the requirements of chrysanthemum in the national celebration period.
Secondly, through the synergistic effect among the bottom layer matrix, the middle layer matrix and the surface layer matrix, nutrient substances are provided for the growth of the cuttings or the plants, the air permeability, the water retention and the moisture retention of the cuttings or the plants are kept, and meanwhile, the plants are kept in good growth.
Thirdly, during the short-day treatment period, the plant is fertilized with water-soluble fertilizer 14-0-14 with the concentration of 300ppm to prevent plant wilting, and the height of the plant is controlled by paclobutrazol, so that the plant growth is not only provided with nutrient substances, but also prevented from wilting, and the plant is kept in good growth by the synergistic effect of the paclobutrazol and the paclobutrazol.
And fourthly, during the period of flowering and maintaining, topdressing is carried out on the plants to provide nutrient substances required by the growth of the plants, and meanwhile, the plants are fertilized by adopting 10-30-20 parts of 150ppm water-soluble fertilizer, so that the plants are bright and full in flowering color and keep good growth vigor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It should be understood that the preparation methods described in the examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and that the simple modifications of the preparation methods of the present invention based on the concept of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Example 1
A chrysanthemum flower-forming plug seedling production method in the period of national celebration comprises the following steps:
A. preparation before production
Selecting a chrysanthemum flower variety, wherein the color of the chrysanthemum flower is yellow, and selecting a hole tray with 72 holes;
B. the prepared substrate matrix is formed by combining a bottom substrate, a middle substrate and a surface substrate;
the raw materials of the bottom layer matrix comprise 40 parts of peat soil, 30 parts of mushroom waste, 13.5 parts of activated carbon particles, 6.5 parts of alumina particles, 12 parts of sponge particles, 9.5 parts of sawdust, 17 parts of perlite and 16.5 parts of vermiculite; uniformly mixing the raw materials of the bottom substrate, and paving the mixture in the plug tray, wherein the depth of the bottom substrate is 2/5 of the depth of the plug tray;
the raw materials of the middle layer matrix comprise 23 parts of black carbon soil, 9 parts of microbial sludge, 2.7 parts of cytokinin, 8.5 parts of activated carbon particles, 12.5 parts of alumina particles, 16 parts of perlite and 8 parts of vermiculite; uniformly mixing the raw materials of the middle-layer matrix, and paving the mixture on the surface of the bottom-layer matrix, wherein the depth of the middle-layer matrix is 1/5 of the depth of the plug tray;
the surface layer matrix is one or more of wood chips and is paved on the surface of the middle layer matrix, and the depth of the surface layer matrix is 1/5 of the depth of the hole disc;
C. pruning cutting
Selecting a cutting slip without willow buds and flower buds, pruning the cutting slip at the position of 4cm in length, and cutting the bottom of the cutting slip into an oblique opening to form a cutting slip, wherein the cutting slip is provided with 2 branches, and one half of leaves of the cutting slip is cut and the other half of leaves of the cutting slip are reserved;
D. cutting with cutting slips
Dipping the base part of the cutting into rooting powder IBA with the concentration of 800ppm under the conditions of 7 months and 20 ℃, the temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of 80%, pre-inserting a cutting hole on a substrate of a plug tray, then cutting the cutting into the cutting hole, and carrying out cutting, wherein the insertion depth of the cutting is 2/3 of the depth of the substrate, the day of the cutting is taken, and after the cutting of the cutting is finished, spraying carbendazim solution with the weight concentration of 0.1%;
E. plant growth and maintenance
After 60% of cuttings grow 5 roots, alternately fertilizing the plants by adopting 20-10-20 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer and 14-0-14 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer, and irrigating roots by adopting 5ppm paclobutrazol 2 times per week during the period so as to control the excessive growth of the plants;
F. short sun treatment
Controlling the humidity to be 90% by using a mode of covering a ground fabric by an arched shed at 3 days after 8 months, starting short day exposure on the plants, starting illumination at 8 am, keeping the illumination intensity to be less than or equal to 20Lux at the temperature of 25 ℃, avoiding light at 18 am, fertilizing by using 150ppm of water-soluble fertilizer 10-30-20 at the temperature of 10 ℃, continuously fertilizing until the diameter of a flower bud reaches 5mm 1 time per week, fertilizing the plants by using 300ppm of water-soluble fertilizer 14-0-14 at the same time during the period so as to prevent the plants from wilting, and irrigating roots by using 5ppm of paclobutrazol so as to control the excessive growth of the plants;
G. after the flowering maintenance stops short day, the plants in the hole tray are thinned by one time,
and (3) topdressing the plants by using 20-10-20 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer 1 time per week until the plants bloom, and simultaneously fertilizing the plants by using 10-30-20 parts of 150ppm water-soluble fertilizer to keep the plants bloom bright.
Example 2
A chrysanthemum flower-forming plug seedling production method in the period of national celebration comprises the following steps:
A. preparation before production
Selecting a chrysanthemum flower variety, wherein the color of the chrysanthemum flower is purple, and selecting a plug tray with 72 holes;
B. the prepared substrate matrix is formed by combining a bottom substrate, a middle substrate and a surface substrate;
the raw materials of the bottom layer matrix comprise 50 parts of peat soil, 28 parts of mushroom waste, 12 parts of activated carbon particles, 7 parts of alumina particles, 10 parts of sponge particles, 8 parts of sawdust, 13 parts of perlite and 18 parts of vermiculite; uniformly mixing the raw materials of the bottom substrate, and paving the mixture in the plug tray, wherein the depth of the bottom substrate is 2/5 of the depth of the plug tray;
the raw materials of the middle layer matrix comprise 30 parts of black carbon soil, 12 parts of microbial sludge, 3.5 parts of cytokinin, 10 parts of activated carbon particles, 13.8 parts of alumina particles, 19 parts of perlite and 6.5 parts of vermiculite; uniformly mixing the raw materials of the middle-layer matrix, and paving the mixture on the surface of the bottom-layer matrix, wherein the depth of the middle-layer matrix is 1/5 of the depth of the plug tray;
the surface layer matrix is one or more of dead leaves and is paved on the surface of the middle layer matrix, and the depth of the surface layer matrix is 1/5 of the depth of the plug;
C. pruning cutting
Selecting a cutting without willow buds and flower buds, pruning the cutting at the position of 4.5cm in length, and cutting the bottom of the cutting into an oblique opening to form a cutting, wherein the cutting is provided with 2 branches, and half of leaves of the cutting are cut and kept;
D. cutting with cutting slips
Dipping the base part of the cutting into rooting powder IBA with the concentration of 1000ppm on the conditions of 7 months and 25 days, the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 90%, pre-inserting a cutting hole on the substrate of a plug tray, then cutting the cutting into the cutting hole, and carrying out cutting, wherein the insertion depth of the cutting is 2/3 of the depth of the substrate, the day of the cutting is the same day, and after the cutting of the cutting is finished, spraying carbendazim solution with the weight concentration of 0.1%;
E. plant growth and maintenance
After 70% of cuttings grow 4 roots, alternately fertilizing the plants by adopting 20-10-20 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer and 14-0-14 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer, and irrigating roots by adopting 8ppm paclobutrazol 3 times per week during the period so as to control the excessive growth of the plants;
F. short sun treatment
Controlling the humidity to be 90% by using a mode of covering a ground fabric by an arched shed at 7 days after 8 months, starting short day exposure on the plants, starting illumination at 8 o 'clock in the morning, keeping the illumination intensity to be less than or equal to 20Lux at the temperature of 30 ℃, avoiding light at 18 o' clock, keeping the temperature to be 15 ℃, simultaneously fertilizing by using 150ppm of water-soluble fertilizer 10-30-20 for 2 times per week till the diameter of flower buds reaches 10mm, and simultaneously fertilizing the plants by using 300ppm of water-soluble fertilizer 14-0-14 during the period so as to prevent the plants from wilting, and irrigating roots by using 8ppm of paclobutrazol so as to control the excessive growth of the plants;
G. after the flowering maintenance stops short day, the plants in the hole tray are thinned by one time,
and (3) topdressing the plants by using a 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer 14-0-14 for 2 times per week until the plants bloom, and simultaneously fertilizing the plants by using a 150ppm water-soluble fertilizer 10-30-20 to keep the plants bloom bright.
Example 3
A chrysanthemum flower-forming plug seedling production method in the period of national celebration comprises the following steps:
A. preparation before production
Selecting a chrysanthemum flower variety, wherein the color of the chrysanthemum flower is white, and selecting a plug tray with 72 holes;
B. the prepared substrate matrix is formed by combining a bottom substrate, a middle substrate and a surface substrate;
the raw materials of the bottom layer matrix comprise 43 parts of peat soil, 25 parts of mushroom waste, 11 parts of activated carbon particles, 6 parts of alumina particles, 11 parts of sponge particles, 9 parts of sawdust, 15 parts of perlite and 15 parts of vermiculite; uniformly mixing the raw materials of the bottom substrate, and paving the mixture in the plug tray, wherein the depth of the bottom substrate is 2/5 of the depth of the plug tray;
the raw materials of the middle layer matrix comprise 25 parts of black carbon soil, 10 parts of microbial sludge, 3 parts of cytokinin, 9 parts of activated carbon particles, 13 parts of alumina particles, 18 parts of perlite and 6 parts of vermiculite; uniformly mixing the raw materials of the middle-layer matrix, and paving the mixture on the surface of the bottom-layer matrix, wherein the depth of the middle-layer matrix is 1/5 of the depth of the plug tray;
the surface layer matrix is one or more of dead leaves and is paved on the surface of the middle layer matrix, and the depth of the surface layer matrix is 1/5 of the depth of the plug;
C. pruning cutting
Selecting a cutting without willow buds and flower buds, pruning the cutting at the position of 4.5cm in length, and cutting the bottom of the cutting into an oblique opening to form a cutting, wherein the cutting is provided with 3 branches, and half of leaves of the cutting are cut and kept;
D. cutting with cutting slips
Dipping the base part of the cutting into rooting powder IBA with the concentration of 900ppm on 23 days after 7 months at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 85 percent, pre-inserting a cutting hole on a substrate of a plug tray, then cutting the cutting into the cutting hole for cutting, wherein the insertion depth of the cutting is 2/3 of the depth of the substrate, the cutting is taken the same day, and after the cutting is finished, spraying carbendazim solution with the weight concentration of 0.1 percent on the cutting;
E. plant growth and maintenance
After 60% of cuttings grow 5 roots, alternately fertilizing the plants by adopting 20-10-20 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer and 14-0-14 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer, and irrigating roots by adopting 6ppm paclobutrazol 3 times per week during the period so as to control the excessive growth of the plants;
F. short sun treatment
Controlling the humidity to be 90% by using a mode of covering a ground fabric by an arched shed at 5 days after 8 months, starting short day exposure on the plants, starting illumination at 8 o 'clock in the morning, keeping the illumination intensity to be less than or equal to 20Lux at the temperature of 30 ℃, avoiding light at 18 o' clock, keeping the temperature to be 10 ℃, simultaneously fertilizing by using 150ppm of water-soluble fertilizer 10-30-20 for 2 times per week till the diameter of flower buds reaches 8mm, and simultaneously fertilizing the plants by using 300ppm of water-soluble fertilizer 14-0-14 during the period so as to prevent the plants from wilting, and irrigating roots by using 6ppm of paclobutrazol so as to control the excessive growth of the plants;
G. after the flowering maintenance stops short day, the plants in the hole tray are thinned by one time,
and (3) topdressing the plants by using a 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer 14-0-14 for 2 times per week until the plants bloom, and simultaneously fertilizing the plants by using a 150ppm water-soluble fertilizer 10-30-20 to keep the plants bloom bright.
Example 4
A chrysanthemum flower-forming plug seedling production method in the period of national celebration comprises the following steps:
A. preparation before production
Selecting a chrysanthemum flower variety, wherein the color of the chrysanthemum flower is pink, and selecting a hole tray with 72 holes;
B. the prepared substrate matrix is formed by combining a bottom substrate, a middle substrate and a surface substrate;
the raw materials of the bottom layer matrix comprise 45 parts of peat soil, 23 parts of mushroom waste, 9.5 parts of activated carbon particles, 5.5 parts of alumina particles, 14 parts of sponge particles, 8.5 parts of sawdust, 14 parts of perlite and 13.5 parts of vermiculite; uniformly mixing the raw materials of the bottom substrate, and paving the mixture in the plug tray, wherein the depth of the bottom substrate is 2/5 of the depth of the plug tray;
the raw materials of the middle layer matrix comprise 20 parts of black carbon soil, 8 parts of microbial sludge, 2.5 parts of cytokinin, 7.5 parts of activated carbon particles, 15 parts of alumina particles, 20 parts of perlite and 4.5 parts of vermiculite; uniformly mixing the raw materials of the middle-layer matrix, and paving the mixture on the surface of the bottom-layer matrix, wherein the depth of the middle-layer matrix is 1/5 of the depth of the plug tray;
the surface layer matrix is one or more of the chopped grass and is paved on the surface of the middle layer matrix, and the depth of the surface layer matrix is 1/5 of the depth of the plug;
C. pruning cutting
Selecting a cutting slip without willow buds and flower buds, pruning the cutting slip at the position of 5cm in length, and cutting the bottom of the cutting slip into an oblique opening to form a cutting slip, wherein the cutting slip is provided with 3 branches, and one half of leaves of the cutting slip is cut and the other half of leaves of the cutting slip are reserved;
D. cutting with cutting slips
Dipping the base part of the cutting into rooting powder IBA with the concentration of 900ppm on the conditions of 7 months and 23 days, the temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of 80%, pre-inserting a cutting hole on the substrate of a plug tray, then cutting the cutting into the cutting hole, and carrying out cutting, wherein the insertion depth of the cutting is 2/3 of the depth of the substrate, the day of the cutting is the same day, and after the cutting of the cutting is finished, spraying carbendazim solution with the weight concentration of 0.1%;
E. plant growth and maintenance
After 50% of cuttings grow 4 roots, alternately fertilizing the plants by adopting 20-10-20 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer and 14-0-14 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer, and irrigating roots by adopting 5ppm paclobutrazol 3 times per week during the period so as to control the excessive growth of the plants;
F. short sun treatment
Controlling the humidity to be 90% by using a mode of covering a ground fabric by an arched shed at 7 days after 8 months, starting short day exposure on the plants, starting illumination at 8 o 'clock in the morning, keeping the illumination intensity to be less than or equal to 20Lux at the temperature of 25 ℃, avoiding light at 18 o' clock, keeping the temperature to be 10 ℃, simultaneously fertilizing by using 10-30-20 parts of 150ppm water-soluble fertilizer, 1 time per week till buds spit colors, and meanwhile fertilizing the plants by using 14-0-14 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer to prevent plant wilting, and irrigating roots by using 5ppm paclobutrazol to control the excessive growth of the plants;
G. after the flowering maintenance stops short day, the plants in the hole tray are thinned by one time,
and (3) topdressing the plants by using 20-10-20 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer 1 time per week until the plants bloom, and simultaneously fertilizing the plants by using 10-30-20 parts of 150ppm water-soluble fertilizer to keep the plants bloom bright.
Example 5
A chrysanthemum flower-forming plug seedling production method in the period of national celebration comprises the following steps:
A. preparation before production
Selecting a chrysanthemum flower variety, wherein the color of the chrysanthemum flower is red, and selecting a hole tray with 72 holes;
B. the prepared substrate matrix is formed by combining a bottom substrate, a middle substrate and a surface substrate;
the raw materials of the bottom layer matrix comprise 34 parts of peat soil, 20 parts of mushroom waste, 8.6 parts of activated carbon particles, 4.5 parts of alumina particles, 9 parts of sponge particles, 10 parts of sawdust, 16 parts of perlite and 12 parts of vermiculite; uniformly mixing the raw materials of the bottom substrate, and paving the mixture in the plug tray, wherein the depth of the bottom substrate is 2/5 of the depth of the plug tray;
the raw materials of the middle layer matrix comprise 27 parts of black carbon soil, 11 parts of microbial sludge, 3.3 parts of cytokinin, 9.5 parts of activated carbon particles, 11 parts of alumina particles, 14 parts of perlite and 5.5 parts of vermiculite; uniformly mixing the raw materials of the middle-layer matrix, and paving the mixture on the surface of the bottom-layer matrix, wherein the depth of the middle-layer matrix is 1/5 of the depth of the plug tray;
the surface layer matrix is one or more of wood chips and is paved on the surface of the middle layer matrix, and the depth of the surface layer matrix is 1/5 of the depth of the hole disc;
C. pruning cutting
Selecting a cutting slip without willow buds and flower buds, pruning the cutting slip at the position of 5cm in length, and cutting the bottom of the cutting slip into an oblique opening to form a cutting slip, wherein the cutting slip is provided with 3 branches, and one half of leaves of the cutting slip is cut and the other half of leaves of the cutting slip are reserved;
D. cutting with cutting slips
Dipping the base part of the cutting into rooting powder IBA with the concentration of 800ppm on the conditions of 7 months and 23 days, the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 90%, pre-inserting a cutting hole on the substrate of a plug tray, then cutting the cutting into the cutting hole, and carrying out cutting, wherein the insertion depth of the cutting is 2/3 of the depth of the substrate, the day of the cutting is the same day, and after the cutting of the cutting is finished, spraying carbendazim solution with the weight concentration of 0.1%;
E. plant growth and maintenance
After 60% of cuttings grow 5 roots, alternately fertilizing the plants by adopting 20-10-20 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer and 14-0-14 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer, and irrigating roots by adopting 8ppm paclobutrazol 2 times per week during the period so as to control the excessive growth of the plants;
F. short sun treatment
Controlling the humidity to be 90% by using a mode of covering a ground fabric by an arched shed at 3 days after 8 months, starting short day exposure on the plants, starting illumination at 8 o 'clock in the morning, keeping the illumination intensity to be less than or equal to 20Lux at the temperature of 30 ℃, avoiding light at 18 o' clock, keeping the temperature to be 15 ℃, simultaneously fertilizing by using 150ppm of water-soluble fertilizer 10-30-20 for 2 times per week till the diameter of flower buds reaches 10mm, and simultaneously fertilizing the plants by using 300ppm of water-soluble fertilizer 14-0-14 during the period so as to prevent the plants from wilting, and irrigating roots by using 8ppm of paclobutrazol so as to control the excessive growth of the plants;
G. after the flowering maintenance stops short day, the plants in the hole tray are thinned by one time,
and (3) topdressing the plants by using 300ppm of water-soluble fertilizer 14-0-14, 1 time per week till flowering, and simultaneously fertilizing the plants by using 150ppm of water-soluble fertilizer 10-30-20 to keep the plants flowering and bright.
The survival rate, uniformity, flowering coverage and growth conditions of examples 1 to 5 were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
Wherein, the survival rate is the ratio of the number of the surviving plants to the total cutting number and is multiplied by 100 percent;
the uniformity is calculated by the following method: calculating the average height of all plants, defining the average height as h, wherein the uniformity is the ratio of the total number of the plants with the height h +/-5 cm to the total number of the plants, and multiplying the ratio by 100%;
flowering coverage is the ratio of the area of the plant that flowers to the area of the plant, and multiplied by 100%.
TABLE 1 test results
As can be seen from Table 1, the chrysanthemum flowering plug seedling production method has the advantages of high survival rate, high uniformity, good flowering coverage and good plant growth vigor, and mainly can meet the requirements of chrysanthemum in the national celebration period due to the synergistic effect among the steps.
Claims (9)
1. A chrysanthemum flower-forming plug seedling production method in the period of national celebration is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A. preparation before production
Selecting chrysanthemum varieties and hole trays;
B. preparing a matrix
The substrate is composed of a bottom substrate, a middle substrate and a surface substrate;
the raw materials of the bottom layer matrix comprise 34-50 parts of peat soil, 20-30 parts of mushroom waste, 8.6-13.5 parts of activated carbon particles, 4.5-7 parts of alumina particles, 9-14 parts of sponge particles, 8-10 parts of sawdust, 13-17 parts of perlite and 12-18 parts of vermiculite; uniformly mixing the raw materials of the bottom substrate, and paving the mixture in the plug tray, wherein the depth of the bottom substrate is 2/5 of the depth of the plug tray;
the raw materials of the middle layer matrix comprise 20-30 parts of black carbon soil, 8-12 parts of microbial sludge, 2.5-3.5 parts of cytokinin, 7.5-10 parts of activated carbon particles, 11-15 parts of alumina particles, 14-20 parts of perlite and 4.5-8 parts of vermiculite; uniformly mixing the raw materials of the middle-layer matrix, and paving the mixture on the surface of the bottom-layer matrix, wherein the depth of the middle-layer matrix is 1/5 of the depth of the plug tray;
the surface layer matrix is one or more of wood chips, grass chips and dead leaves, and is paved on the surface of the middle layer matrix, and the depth of the surface layer matrix is 1/5 of the depth of the plug;
C. pruning cutting
Selecting a cutting without willow buds and flower buds, pruning the cutting at the position of 4-5cm in length, and cutting the bottom of the cutting into an oblique opening to form a cutting, wherein the cutting is provided with 2-3 branches, and one half of leaves of the cutting is cut and the other half is reserved;
D. cutting with cutting slips
Dipping the base part of the cutting into rooting powder under the conditions of 20 days to 7 days and 25 days at 7 months, 20 to 30 ℃ and 80 to 90 percent of humidity, pre-inserting a cutting hole in a substrate of a plug tray, then cutting the cutting into the cutting hole for cutting, wherein the insertion depth of the cutting is 2/3 of the depth of the substrate, the cutting is taken the same day as the day, and after the cutting of the cutting is finished, spraying a carbendazim solution on the cutting;
E. plant growth and maintenance
After more than 50% of cuttings grow 4-6 roots, alternately fertilizing the plants by adopting 20-10-20 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer and 14-0-14 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer, and irrigating roots by adopting 5-8ppm paclobutrazol for 2-3 times per week during the period so as to control the excessive growth of the plants;
F. short sun treatment
Controlling the humidity to be 90% at 3 days-8 days-7 days of 8 months, starting short-day irradiation on the plants, starting irradiation at 8 points in the morning, controlling the irradiation intensity to be less than or equal to 20Lux, controlling the temperature to be 25-30 ℃, starting light shielding at 18 points, controlling the temperature to be 10-15 ℃, simultaneously applying fertilizer by using 10-30-20 parts of 150ppm water-soluble fertilizer, applying fertilizer 1-2 times per week until buds spit color or the diameter of the buds reaches 5-10mm, and simultaneously irrigating roots by using 5-8ppm paclobutrazol to control the excessive growth of the plants;
G. flowering and maintaining
After the short day, the plants in the hole tray are thinned by one time, and the plants are topdressed until the plants bloom.
2. The chrysanthemum flowering plug seedling production method in the period of national day of celebration according to claim 1, characterized in that: during flowering and maintaining, the additional fertilizer adopts one of 20-10-20 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer and 14-0-14 parts of 300ppm water-soluble fertilizer.
3. The chrysanthemum flowering plug seedling production method in the period of national day of celebration according to claim 2, characterized in that: during flowering and maintaining, the plants are fertilized with 150ppm of water-soluble fertilizer 10-30-20 to keep the plants flowering and bright.
4. The chrysanthemum flowering plug seedling production method in the period of national day of celebration according to claim 1, characterized in that: and during the short-day treatment period, fertilizing the plants by using water-soluble fertilizer 14-0-14 with the concentration of 300ppm to prevent the plants from wilting.
5. The chrysanthemum flowering plug seedling production method in the period of national day of celebration according to claim 1, characterized in that: and during the short-day treatment period, the plants are subjected to short-day treatment in a mode of covering a ground cloth by an arched shed.
6. The chrysanthemum flowering plug seedling production method in the period of national day of celebration according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the cutting of the cutting slips, the rooting powder is the rooting powder IBA with the concentration of 800-.
7. The chrysanthemum flowering plug seedling production method in the period of national day of celebration according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the cutting of the cutting slips, the weight concentration of the carbendazim solution is 0.1%.
8. The chrysanthemum flowering plug seedling production method in the period of national day of celebration according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the preparation before production, the chrysanthemum is selected from coreopsis tinctoria, and the color of the coreopsis tinctoria is one or more of yellow, pink, purple, white and red.
9. The chrysanthemum flowering plug seedling production method in the period of national day of celebration according to claim 1, characterized in that: in preparation before production, the plug is a 72-hole plug.
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