CN111051182A - 用于eps的多通道ecu架构 - Google Patents

用于eps的多通道ecu架构 Download PDF

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CN111051182A
CN111051182A CN201780094425.5A CN201780094425A CN111051182A CN 111051182 A CN111051182 A CN 111051182A CN 201780094425 A CN201780094425 A CN 201780094425A CN 111051182 A CN111051182 A CN 111051182A
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control unit
steering
channel
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motor
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安德拉什·巴洛格
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ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Presta AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B62D5/0457Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such
    • B62D5/046Controlling the motor
    • B62D5/0463Controlling the motor calculating assisting torque from the motor based on driver input
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B62D5/0457Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such
    • B62D5/0481Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such monitoring the steering system, e.g. failures
    • B62D5/049Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such monitoring the steering system, e.g. failures detecting sensor failures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D1/00Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
    • B62D1/02Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
    • B62D1/04Hand wheels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D15/00Steering not otherwise provided for
    • B62D15/02Steering position indicators ; Steering position determination; Steering aids
    • B62D15/021Determination of steering angle
    • B62D15/0235Determination of steering angle by measuring or deriving directly at the electric power steering motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/001Mechanical components or aspects of steer-by-wire systems, not otherwise provided for in this maingroup
    • B62D5/005Mechanical components or aspects of steer-by-wire systems, not otherwise provided for in this maingroup means for generating torque on steering wheel or input member, e.g. feedback
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B62D5/0403Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by constructional features, e.g. common housing for motor and gear box
    • B62D5/0406Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by constructional features, e.g. common housing for motor and gear box including housing for electronic control unit
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B62D5/0457Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such
    • B62D5/0481Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such monitoring the steering system, e.g. failures
    • B62D5/0484Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such monitoring the steering system, e.g. failures for reaction to failures, e.g. limp home
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B62D5/0457Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such
    • B62D5/0481Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such monitoring the steering system, e.g. failures
    • B62D5/0493Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such monitoring the steering system, e.g. failures detecting processor errors, e.g. plausibility of steering direction
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/22Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force applied to control members, e.g. control members of vehicles, triggers
    • G01L5/221Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force applied to control members, e.g. control members of vehicles, triggers to steering wheels, e.g. for power assisted steering
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0092Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Steering Control In Accordance With Driving Conditions (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于电动机械助力转向机构的电机电子控制单元(ECU)(1),该电机电子控制单元(ECU)(1)响应于转向机构传感器的信号来控制通过辅助电机的电流,其中,该ECU(1)包括至少两个通道,并且其中,每个通道具有按照冗余概念的转向机构传感器,并且其中,分配至致动器(3)的至少一个表决器(4)被设计成对至少两个通道的转向机构传感器的正确的输出进行表决。

Description

用于EPS的多通道ECU架构
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分的电动机械助力转向机构的电机电子控制单元、涉及根据权利要求10的前序部分的电动机械助力转向机构、以及涉及根据权利要求11的前序部分的线控转向的转向机构。
在电动机械助力转向机构中,转向轴连接至用于由驾驶员操作的转向盘。转向轴经由小齿轮藕接至转向齿条。转向齿条杆连接至转向齿条并且连接至机动车辆的转向轮。转向轴的旋转借助于小齿轮引起转向齿条的轴向位移,该小齿轮以抗转矩的方式连接至转向轴。通过驱动电机将辅助力施加至转向机构。以电子控制单元(ECU)形式的转向控制器控制电机的辅助。响应于车辆速度、操作员转矩以及由转子位置传感器检测到的转子位置信号,控制器确定目标电机转矩,并提供信号直至电机控制器,其中经由PWM(脉冲宽度调制)计算电机电流。
当前,这些ECU被实现为单通道自监视系统或双通道自监视系统。就安全和可用性要求而言,当前架构提供有限的可扩展性。当前架构依赖于实现自监视功能并且符合最高安全完整性等级(ASIL-D)的昂贵的特殊部件(MCU、SBC)。
这种类型的电机控制的缺点是:对符合ASIL-D的部件的选择有限。此外,就所需的可用性而言,对E/E(电子/电器)架构方面的可扩展性有限。此外,不能使用诸如通用MCU的商品部件。
本发明的目的是提供一种用于车辆的转向机构的具有容易的架构和低成本的高安全等级的电机电子控制单元。
该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的用于电动机械助力转向机构的电机电子控制单元、具有权利要求10的特征的用于辅助机动车辆的转向的电动机械机动车辆助力转向机构、以及具有权利要求11的特征的线控转向的转向系统来实现。
提供了一种用于电动机械助力转向机构或线控转向的转向机构的电机电子控制单元,该电机电子控制单元响应于转向机构传感器的信号来控制通过辅助电机的电流,其中,ECU包括至少两个通道,其中,每个通道包括形成冗余概念的转向机构传感器,并且其中,分配至致动器的至少一个表决器被设计成对至少两个通道的转向机构传感器的正确的输出进行表决。
这允许根据错误任意元件而不是具有错误静默的自监视通道来构建ECU架构。因此可以实现成本最优的E/E架构。优选地,使用三个通道。
优选的是,至少两个通道均接收致动器的电流传感器的输出。
在有利的实施方式中,转向机构传感器包括转向柱转矩传感器和用于感测辅助电机的转子角度的RPS传感器。为每个通道提供传感器以实现冗余。
优选地,至少两个通道中的每一个包括处理器,其中,处理器具有针对每个通道的不同的软件,以防止系统错误。
另外优选的是表决器被设计成对通道的致动器的输入进行表决。
表决器特别地是利用可设置容错时间的多数表决器,该多数表决器向所有通道给出每个通道的健康状态的反馈。
优选地,表决器掩盖错误通道,该错误通道继而被忽略以进行进一步的计算,并且表决器通过将相同的值馈送至所有通道来对软件的状态进行同步。
冗余概念允许每个通道本身仅符合ASIL-B。
在一个实施方式中,提供各自被分配至单独的致动器的三个表决器。因此,总共三个致动器由ECU控制。表决器被设计成利用相同的多数经表决的信号来驱动每个致动器。
此外,提供了一种用于辅助机动车辆的转向的电动机械助力转向机构,该电动机械助力转向机构包括用于转向辅助的电机和转矩传感器,该电机适于利用根据上面描述的电机电子控制单元响应于来自转矩传感器的指示由车辆的驾驶员向转向盘施加的输入转矩的输出信号来施加辅助转矩。
此外,提供了一种用于机动车辆的线控转向的转向系统,该线控转向的转向系统具有转向盘、连接至转向盘的用于向驾驶员提供道路反馈的反馈致动器、多个车轮以及具有电机的转向致动器,该电机利用根据上面描述的电机电子控制单元响应于所检测出的各种转向参数的值来操作,并且将车轮沿期望的方向定向。
下面借助于附图描述本发明的一个示例性实施方式。
图1示出了根据本发明的电机电子控制单元架构的示意图。
ECU 1的计算和传感器部分具有三个相同的通道2。每个通道2由测量转向柱转矩的转矩传感器和用于感测电机的转子角度的RPS传感器组成。此外,每个通道2接收致动器3的电流传感器的输出。每个通道2本身至少符合ASIL-B。基于所有输入,处理器(也是通道的一部分)计算用于驱动一个或更多个致动器3的必要的脉冲宽度调制(PWM)模式,并发射PWM信号。致动器3是电力模块,其由FET预驱动器、三相FET桥和可选的相分离电路组成。图1示出了一个致动器3和可能需要的两个可选的致动器3。
通道2对所有传感器输入进行周期性地同步,以便:a)检测一个通道2是否具有错误输入;该错误输入被多数表决器4掩盖,并且因此被忽略以进行进一步的计算,并且b)对软件的状态进行同步;相同的值例如传感器值的平均数被馈送至所有通道2。通道的处理器可以具有不能防止系统错误或用于防止系统错误的相同的软件,它们可以具有针对每个通道的不同的软件。通道的输入被馈送至一个或更多个表决器4。每个致动器3具有分配的一个表决器4。每个表决器4是简单的数字电路,除了传感器输入之外,每个表决器4还接收来自所有通道的三相PWM信号,并且(利用可设置的容错时间)对它们进行多数表决。这确保了一个错误通道将不会影响系统的行为。如果通道2被表决为“出局”,则表决器4经由简单的数字I/O向所有通道2给出反馈。这样,所有通道2对所有其他通道的健康状态具有一致的描绘。致动器的输入是经表决的PWM信号,并且致动器的输出是用于电力模块的DC母线电流信号。电力模块连接至永磁同步电机(PMSM)的三相。该电机具有n*3相,其中,n是系统中致动器块的数目。
根据本发明,可以通过对在冗余组中组合数个错误任意元件来实现错误静默和/或错误操作行为。所有通道的传感器的输出和致动器的输入都用于对系统的正确输入和输出进行表决。微控制器(MCU)和系统基础芯片(SBC)可以是错误任意的,具有ASIL-B的最低合格等级。通道的数目为至少两个,并且可以根据所需的可用性和安全进行缩放。如果仅使用两个通道,则一个通道的错误输入会导致功能的损失。在所有情况下,每个MCU都有专用的RPS和TSU传感器通道。致动器路径的数目独立于MCU通道的数目,因此提供了更好的可扩展性。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于电动机械助力转向机构或线控转向的转向机构的电机电子控制单元(ECU)(1),所述电机电子控制单元(ECU)(1)响应于转向机构传感器的信号来控制通过辅助电机的电流,其特征在于:所述ECU(1)包括至少两个通道,其中,每个通道具有按照冗余概念的所述转向机构传感器,并且其中,分配至致动器(3)的至少一个表决器(4)被设计成对所述至少两个通道的转向机构传感器的正确的输出进行表决。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电机电子控制单元,其特征在于,所述至少两个通道均接收所述致动器(3)的电流传感器的输出。
3.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的电机电子控制单元,其特征在于,所述转向机构传感器包括转向柱转矩传感器和用于感测所述辅助电机的转子角度的RPS传感器。
4.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的电机电子控制单元,其特征在于,所述至少两个通道中的每一个包括处理器,其中,所述处理器具有针对每个通道的不同的软件,以防止系统错误。
5.根据权利要求2所述的电机电子控制单元,其特征在于,所述表决器(4)被设计成对所述通道(2)的所述致动器的输入进行表决。
6.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的电机电子控制单元,其特征在于,所述表决器(4)是利用可设置容错时间的多数表决器,所述表决器(4)向所有通道给出每个通道的健康状态的反馈。
7.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的电机电子控制单元,其特征在于,所述表决器(4)掩盖错误通道,所述错误通道继而被忽略以进行进一步的计算,并且所述表决器(4)通过将相同的值馈送至所有通道(2)来对所述软件的状态进行同步。
8.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的电机电子控制单元,其特征在于,每个通道(2)本身至少符合ASIL-B。
9.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的电机电子控制单元,其特征在于,提供各自被分配至单独的致动器(3)的三个表决器(4),并且其中,所述表决器(4)被设计成利用相同的多数经表决的信号来驱动每个致动器(3)。
10.一种用于辅助机动车辆的转向的电动机械助力转向机构,所述电动机械助力转向机构包括用于转向辅助的电机和转矩传感器,所述电机适于利用根据前述权利要求1至9中一项所述的电机电子控制单元(ECU)(1)响应于来自所述转矩传感器的指示由所述车辆的驾驶员向转向盘施加的输入转矩的输出信号来施加辅助转矩。
11.一种线控转向的转向系统(1),所述线控转向的转向系统(1)具有转向盘(3)、连接至所述转向盘(3)的用于向驾驶员提供道路反馈的反馈致动器(2)、多个车轮(10)以及具有电机(6)的转向致动器(5),所述电机(6)利用根据前述权利要求1至9中一项所述的电机电子控制单元(ECU)(1)响应于所检测出的各种转向参数的值来操作,并且将所述车轮(10)沿期望的方向定向。
CN201780094425.5A 2017-08-30 2017-08-30 用于eps的多通道ecu架构 Pending CN111051182A (zh)

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US20200290667A1 (en) 2020-09-17

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