CN1110471A - 用于吸收分离气体混合物中成分的装置 - Google Patents

用于吸收分离气体混合物中成分的装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1110471A
CN1110471A CN94190349.4A CN94190349A CN1110471A CN 1110471 A CN1110471 A CN 1110471A CN 94190349 A CN94190349 A CN 94190349A CN 1110471 A CN1110471 A CN 1110471A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
absorber
unicom
petiolarea
described device
absorbers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN94190349.4A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN1050524C (zh
Inventor
富田新治
村山守一
马克·瓦格纳
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Publication of CN1110471A publication Critical patent/CN1110471A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1050524C publication Critical patent/CN1050524C/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0423Beds in columns
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/047Pressure swing adsorption
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/104Alumina
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/106Silica or silicates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/106Silica or silicates
    • B01D2253/108Zeolites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/10Nitrogen
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/12Oxygen
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/18Noble gases
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/41Further details for adsorption processes and devices using plural beds of the same adsorbent in series
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/416Further details for adsorption processes and devices involving cryogenic temperature treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0446Means for feeding or distributing gases

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

该吸收分离装置包括至少两个布置成一个在另 一个上方的吸收器(1A,1B,1C)而且各吸收器包括 一根同轴线的中心管(7A,7B,7C),它能使吸收器的 一个垂直端区与流体回路联通。装置应用于气体混 合物的纯化或分离。

Description

用于吸收分离气体混合物 中成分的装置
本发明涉及用于吸收分离气体混合物中成分的装置,这种型式的装置包括至少两个吸收器它们各限定出具有上端区如下端区的内部容积以及用来吸收器的上、下端区分别与流体回路联通。
这种型式的分离装置基本上在所谓PSA(压力分离吸收)如TSA(温度分离吸收)的压力或温度变化技术中使用,它用来从一种气体混合物开始然后产生出该混合物的一种气体组分,特别是空气、氧气或氮气混合物和一种组分,或者用来纯化气体混合物尤其是为低温空气分离装置供气的纯化,还可用于产生空气,氧气和(或)氮气和氩的组分,一般采用选自包括沸石,活性碳,铝土或硅胶一组吸附剂中的至少一种。这些技术的实例专门说明于US-5,223,004,EP-092,153,US-3,338,030或US-5,137,548等文件中,在已知的装置中,通常包括两个到两个吸收器,后者布置成垂直地一个挨一个排成一排,并设置大量将各个吸收器的上部的下部部件与流体回路关断、接通的管道工程。此外,在交替使用冷热气体的应用中,实施中的该吸收器未作隔热处理,必须配置成彼此离开一定的水平距离。
本发明的目的是提出一种吸收分离装置,它具有特别紧凑而精致的结构而且适合于各种应用。
为了实现发明目的,根据本发明的一个特点,这些吸收器是重叠布置的。
根据发明的其他特点是:
—用于使各吸收器与流体回路联通的机构包括一根中心竖管,它的一端联通内部空间的上端区或下端区,其另一端连接到一条所述流体回路。
—该中心管互相机械连接并垂直连接到装置的相对端壁上。
本发明还涉及这种装置的应用,该装置通过分离而产生气体混合物的一种组分,特别是从含氢的气体混合物中产生氢气,从空气中产生氧气或氮气,或者用来纯化,传送到低温空气分离装置的碳的氧化物,水和空气。
本发明的其他特点和优点结合下面对实施例的说明,而得以体现这些说明只是解释而非限制,所附的有关附图为:
—图1是根据发明的装置的第一实施例垂直断面示意图;
—图2是根据本发明的装置的第二实施例垂直断面示意图;
—图3是根据本发明的装置的第三实施例垂直断面示意图。
说明书和附图中相同或相似的部件以相同的参考数字和标号指示。
在图1的实施例中,该装置包括三个相同的叠置的吸收器1A,1B,1C,各吸收器由一外围的圆柱壁2i和上圆顶3i与下圆顶4i形式的横端壁组成。该上圆顶3i一般包括一个用于充填吸收器的开口5i以便在其内形成至少一种吸附剂层。通过使相邻吸收器之间间隔开的圆柱裙板6C和6B将吸收器彼此连接,装置总成支承在与下部吸收器1A成一整体的下裙板6A上。实施例中示出,每个吸收器包括一根垂直同轴线的中心管7i,它引到各吸收器内部容积的上端区并穿过该吸收器的下圆顶4i以便拉长一段水平管8i延伸到各吸收器下方的空间用于连接到流体回路。各吸收器还包括一根管9i,它穿过下部端壁并引到各吸收器下端区,也是用来连接到流体回路。
图1中可以容易看出,吸收器的叠置安排和管子7i的同心结构使得装置的占地条件大为降低而且非常方便于在生产或使用现场对装置的安装。此外,这种垂直布置中,相邻近的吸收器只是小表面(圆端)相邻,这样能使两相邻吸收器之间的热干扰降低。进而,这种热干扰可通过在连接裙板6B和6C中设置至少一种隔热材料(如图中10所示)容易地消除。
用图2中所示实施例,甚至不用隔热材料就能得到更紧凑的装置并且更有效降低了热干扰,该实施例中有两个吸收器1A和1B,两根中心管7A和7B在面向圆顶底部3A和4B之间的裙板6B所限定的空间彼此机械联接,而且分别引入到下吸收器1A的下端区和上吸收器1B的上端区。每根管7i经一阀门与喷嘴管11i联通用以连接到流体回路,又经装有阀门的旁路喷嘴管12使各管7i互相连接。在对称的方式中,与上吸收器1B的下端区联通的喷嘴管9B和穿过下吸收器1A的上端壁3A以便与其上端区联通的喷嘴管9A又经阀门与共用的喷嘴管13联通用以连接到流体回路。
图3的实施例,使得利用吸收器底座的对称布置变得无意义,两个吸收器之间的隔热结构采用一根单独中心管7i,该管的两端连接到上、下吸收器(底)座1B和1A的相对端壁3B和3A,上座1B滑下端壁(4B),由下座1A所装设的圆顶上端壁3A使上座与下座1A分开。这个实施例中,圆柱壁2i和裙板6i由单独的外壳6取代。相对端仍与吸收器1A和1B的相对的端区联通的管7通过一块板13从中间隔断,这里有利地直接在管嘴11A和11B之间设置了旁路管12。这个实施例中,另有管子9′A和9′B分别通过外壳6与下吸收器1A和上吸收器1B的上部与下部联通。图3的实施例更加紧凑并增大了刚性,贯穿管7使其可能承受加在相对的吸收器的端壁4A,3B上的压缩力,因而适用于高压使用环境。
尽管以具体实施例已经说明了本发明,但并非限制于此,反之,显然对本领域专业人员来说可以对发明作变更和变化。

Claims (10)

1.用于分离气体混合物的成分的装置,该装置包括至少两个吸收器(1i),各限定出具有下端区和上端区的内部空间,以及用于使该端区选择性的联通流体回路的机构(7,9,11,13),其特征在于:吸收器(1i)是叠置的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,用于使各吸收器(1i)联通的机构包括一根垂直中心管(7),其一端与所述内部空间的一个端区联通,其另一端连接到所述流体回路。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,吸收器的中心管(7i)彼此机械连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,吸收器(1)的中心管(7)机械连接到装置的垂直相对的端壁(3B,4A)上。
5.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的装置,其特征在于,吸收器(1)布置在一个并且是同一个圆柱壳体(6)内。
6.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的装置,其特征在于,用于联通的机构包括阀门,至少部分阀门设置在两个相邻叠置的吸收器(1)之间的空间。
7.根据权利要求2至6中一项所述的装置,其特征在于,该两个相邻的吸收器(1A,1B)的中心管(7)与所述吸收器的相对的端区联通。
8.根据权利要求中的一项所述的装置,其特征在于,它包括至少三个叠置的吸收器(1A,1B,1C)。
9.根据权利要求中的一项所述的装置,其应用为,通过分离而产生气体混合物的一种组分。
10.按权利要求1至8所述装置,其应用为,纯化传送到一低温空气分离装置的空气。
CN94190349A 1993-06-03 1994-06-02 用于吸附分离气体混合物中成分的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1050524C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5156363A JP2534614B2 (ja) 1993-06-03 1993-06-03 ガス精製装置
JP93/156363 1993-06-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1110471A true CN1110471A (zh) 1995-10-18
CN1050524C CN1050524C (zh) 2000-03-22

Family

ID=15626121

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN94190349A Expired - Fee Related CN1050524C (zh) 1993-06-03 1994-06-02 用于吸附分离气体混合物中成分的装置

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5632807A (zh)
EP (1) EP0666772B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2534614B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN1050524C (zh)
AU (1) AU6932094A (zh)
WO (1) WO1994029000A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9424191D0 (en) * 1994-11-30 1995-01-18 Boc Group Plc Purification apparatus
US5672196A (en) * 1995-08-01 1997-09-30 The Boc Group, Inc. Process and apparatus for the separation of gases
SE517561C2 (sv) * 1996-03-04 2002-06-18 Aga Ab Förfarande och anordning för framställning av en gas genom separation från en gasblandning
FR2750617B1 (fr) * 1996-07-02 1998-09-25 Air Liquide Distributeur de gaz destine a etre fixe dans une bouteille de traitement de gaz et bouteille de gaz le comportant
US6921597B2 (en) * 1998-09-14 2005-07-26 Questair Technologies Inc. Electrical current generation system
WO2002035623A2 (en) * 2000-10-27 2002-05-02 Questair Technologies Inc. Systems and processes for providing hydrogen to fuel cells
CA2325072A1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2002-04-30 Questair Technologies Inc. Gas separation for molten carbonate fuel cell
US7097925B2 (en) * 2000-10-30 2006-08-29 Questair Technologies Inc. High temperature fuel cell power plant
US6964692B2 (en) * 2001-02-09 2005-11-15 General Motors Corporation Carbon monoxide adsorption for carbon monoxide clean-up in a fuel cell system
US6692545B2 (en) 2001-02-09 2004-02-17 General Motors Corporation Combined water gas shift reactor/carbon dioxide adsorber for use in a fuel cell system
JP3902416B2 (ja) * 2001-04-16 2007-04-04 大陽日酸株式会社 ガス分離方法
EP1500156B1 (en) * 2002-03-14 2007-09-12 QuestAir Technologies Inc. Hydrogen recycle for solid oxide fuel cell
US6902602B2 (en) * 2002-03-14 2005-06-07 Questair Technologies Inc. Gas separation by combined pressure swing and displacement purge
US7285350B2 (en) 2002-09-27 2007-10-23 Questair Technologies Inc. Enhanced solid oxide fuel cell systems
EP1652255A2 (en) * 2003-02-26 2006-05-03 QuestAir Technologies Inc. Hydrogen recycle for high temperature fuel cells
US7189280B2 (en) * 2004-06-29 2007-03-13 Questair Technologies Inc. Adsorptive separation of gas streams
WO2006052937A2 (en) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-18 Questair Technologies, Inc. Separation of carbon dioxide from other gases

Family Cites Families (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2428885A (en) * 1943-06-25 1947-10-14 Chemical Developments Corp Method of ventilation including the removal of solvent vapor by adsorption
DE832600C (de) * 1949-10-08 1952-02-25 Metallgesellschaft Ag Vorrichtung zur Abtrennung adsorbierbarer Stoffe aus Gasen oder Daempfen
US2626675A (en) * 1949-12-02 1953-01-27 Nat Tank Co Sorbing tower
US2951551A (en) * 1957-11-12 1960-09-06 Allan L West Air purifying canister
CH417534A (de) * 1964-07-01 1966-07-31 Exxon Research Engineering Co Adsorptionsverfahren
FR2175569B1 (zh) * 1972-03-14 1974-08-02 Erap Elf Entr Rech Activ Petro
GB1459785A (en) * 1973-04-26 1976-12-31 Croftshaw Ltd Adsorber apparatus
US3942960A (en) * 1974-04-22 1976-03-09 The British Ceca Company Limited Apparatus and methods for contacting gases or vapours with particulate solid material
GB1489986A (en) * 1976-01-26 1977-10-26 British Ceca Co Adsorbers
DE2624482A1 (de) * 1976-06-01 1977-12-15 Babcock Ag Vorrichtung zum entfernen von unerwuenschten gasfoermigen bestandteilen aus einem abgas
US4155849A (en) * 1977-08-01 1979-05-22 Baierl Kenneth W Adsorber-regenerator
DE3132572A1 (de) * 1981-08-18 1983-03-10 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Verfahren zur adsorptiven zerlegung eines gasgemisches
DE3243656A1 (de) * 1982-11-25 1984-05-30 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Adsorbereinheit und verfahren zum betreiben derselben
JPS60137431A (ja) * 1983-12-26 1985-07-22 Toyo Eng Corp 半径流反応または吸着装置
DE3518367A1 (de) * 1985-05-22 1986-11-27 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Adsorbereinheit
JPS627416A (ja) * 1985-07-04 1987-01-14 Ngk Insulators Ltd 吸着塔
JPH0783816B2 (ja) * 1987-09-24 1995-09-13 日本酸素株式会社 吸着器
US5169607A (en) * 1990-02-20 1992-12-08 Avt Anlagen- Und Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh Moving-bed reactor, in particular for the treatment of flue gases
WO1991012874A1 (fr) * 1990-03-02 1991-09-05 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede de production d'oxygene par separation d'air par adsorption
FR2661841B1 (fr) * 1990-05-09 1992-07-17 Air Liquide Procede et appareil d'epuration par adsorption d'air destine a etre distille.
JPH0810362Y2 (ja) * 1990-07-05 1996-03-29 日本酸素株式会社 充填容器の下部構造
US5071449A (en) * 1990-11-19 1991-12-10 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Gas separation by rapid pressure swing adsorption
FR2679787B1 (fr) * 1991-07-31 1994-04-15 Air Liquide Adsorbeur a lits d'adsorbants annulaires superposes.
JP3021161B2 (ja) * 1992-01-21 2000-03-15 三菱重工業株式会社 吸着塔

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5632807A (en) 1997-05-27
JPH06343813A (ja) 1994-12-20
CN1050524C (zh) 2000-03-22
EP0666772A1 (fr) 1995-08-16
EP0666772B1 (fr) 1997-06-04
AU6932094A (en) 1995-01-03
WO1994029000A1 (fr) 1994-12-22
JP2534614B2 (ja) 1996-09-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN1050524C (zh) 用于吸附分离气体混合物中成分的装置
CN100493670C (zh) 结合压力波动和置换净化进行气体分离的设备和系统
AU646620B2 (en) Adsorber comprising annular superposed beds of adsorbent materials
US5169413A (en) Low temperature pressure swing adsorption with refrigeration
US6027548A (en) PSA apparatus and process using adsorbent mixtures
CN1090517C (zh) 使用多层吸附床的改进的吸附方法和系统
CN1128653C (zh) 变压吸附进行气体分离的多层吸附床
CN100342950C (zh) 用于压力变动吸附的方法和设备
US5447558A (en) Purification method and apparatus
KR20070028348A (ko) Psa를 이용해 기체에서 물과 이산화탄소를 분리하는장치 및 방법
CN1058545A (zh) 用于低温空气分离装置的混合物预纯化器
KR20080100221A (ko) 유체 저장/분배, 탈황, 및 적외선 복사 방출에 유용한 탄소질 재료, 이를 이용하는 장치 및 방법
CN109401805A (zh) 一种天然气可再生脱汞工艺方法
CN1146545A (zh) 带有深冷分离装置的一氧化碳生产设备
CN113424004A (zh) 使用平行六面体吸附器分离空气中所含气体的设备和方法
US7264651B2 (en) Adsorption process and system using multilayer adsorbent beds containing regenerator section
CN113639573A (zh) 一种具有过滤吸附和正仲氢转化功能的钎焊板式换热器
KR101044402B1 (ko) 공기 액화분리에 있어서의 원료 공기의 정제방법 및정제장치
KR970014809A (ko) 압력 순환 흡착식 공기 예비정제기
CN216081096U (zh) 一种具有过滤吸附和正仲氢转化功能的钎焊板式换热器
US20140083293A1 (en) Adsorber including parallel-passage contactors having built-in insulation
EP0122874A1 (en) Process for separating a mixed gas into oxygen and nitrogen under low temperature and low pressure conditions
CN2466654Y (zh) 吸附柱
CN109745828B (zh) 一种从空气中吸附制氧的整体式吸附剂
JPH09168715A (ja) 空気分離用の前処理装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
C19 Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee