CN1050524C - 用于吸附分离气体混合物中成分的装置 - Google Patents

用于吸附分离气体混合物中成分的装置 Download PDF

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CN1050524C
CN1050524C CN94190349A CN94190349A CN1050524C CN 1050524 C CN1050524 C CN 1050524C CN 94190349 A CN94190349 A CN 94190349A CN 94190349 A CN94190349 A CN 94190349A CN 1050524 C CN1050524 C CN 1050524C
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富田新治
村山守一
马克·瓦格纳
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0423—Beds in columns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/104—Alumina
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
    • B01D2253/108—Zeolites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/10—Nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/12—Oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/18—Noble gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
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    • B01D2259/41—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using plural beds of the same adsorbent in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/416—Further details for adsorption processes and devices involving cryogenic temperature treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0446—Means for feeding or distributing gases

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Abstract

该吸收分离装置包括至少两个布置成一个在另一个上方的吸收器(1A，1B，1C)而且各吸收器包括一根同轴线的中心管(7A，7B，7C)，它能使吸收器的一个垂直端区与流体回路联通。装置应用于气体混合物的纯化或分离。

Description

用于吸附分离气体混合物中成分的装置
本发明涉及用于吸附分离气体混合物中成分的装置，这种型式的装置包括至少两个吸附器它们各限定出具有上端区和下端区的内部容积以及用以吸附器的上、下端区分别与流体回路联通。
这种型式的分离装置基本上在所谓PSA(变压吸附)或TSA(变温吸附)的压力或温度变化技术中使用，它用来从一种气体混合物开始然后产生出该混合物的一种气体组分，特别是空气、氧气或氮气混合物和一种组分，或者用来纯化气体混合物尤其是为低温空气分离装置供气的纯化，还可用于产生空气，氧气和(或)氮气和氩的组分，一般采用选自包括沸石，活性碳，铝土或硅胶一组吸附剂中的至少一种。这些技术的实例专门说明于US-5,223,004，EP-092,153，US-3,338,030或US-5,137,548等文件中，在已知的装置中，通常包括两个到四个吸附器，后者布置成垂直地一个挨一个排成一排，并设置大量将各个吸附器的上部和下部部件与流体回路关断、接通的管道工程。此外，在交替使用冷热气体的应用中，实施中的该吸附器未作隔热处理，必须配置成彼此离开一定的水平距离。
本发明的目的是提出一种吸附分离装置，它具有特别紧凑而精致的结构而且适合于各种应用。
为了实现发明目的，根据本发明的一个特点，这些吸附器是重叠布置的。
根据发明的其他特点是：
-用于使各吸附器与流体回路联通的机构包括一根中心竖管，它的一端联通内部空间的上端区或下端区，其另一端连接到一条所述流体回路。
-该中心管互相机械连接并垂直连接到装置的相对端壁上。
本发明还涉及这种装置的应用，该装置通过分离而产生气体混合物的一种组分，特别是从含氢的气体混合物中产生氢气，从空气中产生氧气或氮气，或者用来纯化，传送到低温空气分离装置的碳的氧化物，水和空气。
本发明的其他特点和优点结合下面对实施例的说明，而得以体现这些说明只是解释而非限制，所附的有关附图为：
-图1是根据发明的装置的第一实施例垂直断面示意图；
-图2是根据本发明的装置的第二实施例垂直断面示意图；
-图3是根据本发明的装置的第三实施例垂直断面示意图。
说明书和附图中相同或相似的部件以相同的参考数字和标号指示。
在图1的实施例中，该装置包括三个相同的叠置的吸收器1A，1B，1C，各吸附器由一外围的圆柱壁2i和上圆顶3i与下圆顶4i形式的横端壁组成。该上圆顶3i一般包括一个用于充填吸附器的开口5i以便在其内形成至少一种吸附剂层。通过使相邻吸附器之间间隔开的圆柱裙板6C和6B将吸附器彼此连接，装置总成支承在与下部吸附器1A成一整体的下裙板6A上。实施例中示出，每个吸附器包括一根垂直同轴线的中心管7i，它引到各吸附器内部容积的上端区并穿过该吸附器的下圆顶4i以便拉长一段水平管8i延伸到各吸附器下方的空间用于连接到流体回路。各吸附器还包括一根管9i，它穿过下部端壁并引到各吸附器下端区，也是用来连接到流体回路。
图1中可以容易看出，吸附器的叠置安排和管子7i的同心结构使得装置的占地条件大为降低而且非常方便于在生产或使用现场对装置的安装。此外，这种垂直布置中，相邻近的吸附器只是小表面(圆端)相邻，这样能使两相邻吸附器之间的热干扰降低。进而，这种热干扰可通过在连接裙板6B和6C中设置至少一种隔热材料(如图中10所示)容易地消除。
用图2中所示实施例，甚至不用隔热材料就能得到更紧凑的装置并且更有效降低了热干扰，该实施例中有两俱吸附器1A和1B，两根中心管7A和7B在面向圆顶底部3A和4B之间的裙板6B所限定的空间彼此机械联接，而且分别引入到下吸附器1A的下端区和上吸附器1B的上端区。每根管7i经一阀门与喷嘴管11i联通用以连接到流体回路，又经装有阀门的旁路喷嘴管12使各管7i互相连接。在对称的方式中，与上吸附器1B的下端区联通的喷嘴管9B和穿过下吸附器1A的上端壁3A以便与其上端式联通的喷嘴管9A又经阀门与共用的喷嘴管13联通用以连接到流体回路。
图3的实施例，使得利用吸附器底座的对称布置变得无意义，两个吸附器之间的隔热结构采用一根单独中心管7i，该管的两端连接到上、下吸附器(底)座1B和1A的相对端壁3B和3A，上座1B滑下端壁(4B)，由下座1A所装设的圆顶上端壁3A使上座与下座1A分开。这个实施例中，圆柱壁2i和裙板6i由单独的外壳6取代。相对端仍与吸附器1A和1B的相对的端区联通的管7通过一块板13从中间隔断，这里有利地直接在管嘴11A和11B之间设置了旁路管12。这个实施例中，另有管子9′A和9′B分别通过外壳6与下吸附器1A和上吸附器1B的上部与下部联通。图3的实施例更加紧凑并增大了刚性，贯穿管7使其可能承受加在相对的吸附器的端壁4A，3B上的压缩力，因而适用于高压使用环境。
尽管以具体实施例已经说明了本发明，但并非限制于此，反之，显然对本领域专业人员来说可以对发明作变更和变化。

Claims (8)

1.用于分离气体混合物的成分的装置，包括至少两个叠置的吸附器(1i)，各限定出具有下端区和上端区的内部空间，以及用于使该端区选择性的联通流体回路的机构(7，9，11，13)，用于使各吸附器(1i)联通的机构包括一根垂直中心管(7)，其一端与所述内部空间的一个端区联通，其另一端连接到所述流体回路，其特征在于：所述若干吸附器(1i)的垂直管(7)是中心的并彼此首尾机械连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，吸附器(1i)的中心管(7)机械连接到垂直相对的端壁(3B，4A)上。
3.按权利要求1或2中的一项所述的装置，其特征在于：吸附器(1i)布置在一个并且是同一个圆柱壳体(b)内。
4.按权利要求1中所述的装置，其特征在于：该联通机构包括阀门，至少部分阀门设置在两个相邻叠置的吸附器(1A，1B)之间的空间。
5.按权利要求1中所述的装置，其特征在于：两个相邻的吸附器(1A，1B)的中心管(7)与所述吸附器的相对的端区联通。
6.按权利要求1中的所述装置，其特征在于，它包括至少三个叠置的吸附器(1A，1B，1C)。
7.按前述权利要求之一所述的装置应用于生产，其特征在于：通过分离而产生气体混合物的一种组分。
8.按权利要求1至6之一所述的装置的应用，其特征在于：纯化传送到一低温空气分离装置的空气。
CN94190349A 1993-06-03 1994-06-02 用于吸附分离气体混合物中成分的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1050524C (zh)

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JP5156363A JP2534614B2 (ja) 1993-06-03 1993-06-03 ガス精製装置

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DE832600C (de) * 1949-10-08 1952-02-25 Metallgesellschaft Ag Vorrichtung zur Abtrennung adsorbierbarer Stoffe aus Gasen oder Daempfen
FR2175569A1 (zh) * 1972-03-14 1973-10-26 Erap Elf Entr Rech Activ Petro
EP0486926A1 (en) * 1990-11-19 1992-05-27 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Gas separation by rapid pressure swing adsorption

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EP0666772A1 (fr) 1995-08-16
CN1110471A (zh) 1995-10-18
EP0666772B1 (fr) 1997-06-04
WO1994029000A1 (fr) 1994-12-22
AU6932094A (en) 1995-01-03
JPH06343813A (ja) 1994-12-20
US5632807A (en) 1997-05-27
JP2534614B2 (ja) 1996-09-18

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