CN111042817A - Partition cemented prop wall-cutting filling mining method - Google Patents
Partition cemented prop wall-cutting filling mining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111042817A CN111042817A CN201911238237.2A CN201911238237A CN111042817A CN 111042817 A CN111042817 A CN 111042817A CN 201911238237 A CN201911238237 A CN 201911238237A CN 111042817 A CN111042817 A CN 111042817A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
Abstract
The invention provides a wall-cutting filling mining method for interval cemented pillars, which is suitable for the extraction of steeply inclined extremely thin ore bodies with high ore grade and good value. The stopes are arranged along the trend of ore bodies, no top-bottom column is left in the middle section, no middle column is left in the adjacent stopes, and the ore bodies in the middle section are divided into layered stoping from bottom to top. The bottom of the stope is constructed by reinforced concrete artificial false bottom, the ore body is stoped by adopting a cut-out method in the layering way, stoping is carried out in a backward mode from the center to two sides, collapsed ore is manually raked to the feeding end of a belt conveyor, waste rock is separated, and ore is directly conveyed to an ore pass shaft of the stope by the belt conveyor. Filling the layers above the artificial false bottom by adopting an interval cementation mode, namely filling one layer by adopting a waste stone filling body, then filling one layer by adopting a cementation filling body, and alternately filling at intervals. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of good safety of the stoping operation, high stoping efficiency, large production capacity, low ore loss rate, good comprehensive economic benefit and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underground mining, in particular to a cut wall filling mining method for interval cemented pillars, which is suitable for the extraction of steeply inclined extremely thin ore bodies with high ore body grade and good value.
Background
Many non-ferrous and gold deposits belong to the ultra-thin to thin vein, the thickness of the vein is less than 1.0m, and the conventional stoping method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the wall skiving filling method, the shrinkage method and the segmental open field method, wherein the wall skiving filling method is most widely used, the obtained depletion loss rate is the minimum, and the recovery rate is the highest. The traditional common cut-wall filling mining method adopts cut waste rocks to fill a dead zone, loose waste rocks are difficult to support upper surrounding rocks along with the increase of mining depth, roof fall and other accidents easily occur on a working face, and particularly under the condition that the seam joints of ore body surrounding rocks are relatively developed, the safety of a stope face faces a great challenge.
Patent CN 108678745 a discloses a thin vein concrete cushion wall-cutting filling mining method, which adopts two continuous ore-breaking and concrete cushion layer laying processes to achieve the purposes of improving production capacity, reducing dilution loss rate and controlling stope ground pressure, but in practical application, all processes need manual operation due to limited stope operation space, a vein concrete cushion layer needs to be laid on each stope layer, the stope filling process is too complex, stope operation efficiency and production capacity are reduced, and movement of a stope roof cannot be controlled only by the cushion layer, so that great potential safety hazard exists. Patent CN 105735996 a discloses a thin vein presplitting cut wall filling mining method, which is based on the common cut wall filling method, adopts presplitting blasting technology to separate ore body and surrounding rock, so as to reduce dilution loss rate in the whole extraction process, thereby reducing and improving the ore dressing process index, and reducing the tailing stacking pressure, but it does not improve the damage of hanging wall or top plate surrounding rock caused by insufficient filling strength of waste rock in the common cut wall filling method. Patent CN 105649626A discloses an undercut type cut wall filling mining method for mining steeply inclined extremely thin vein ore body, after the stope is formed by drawing the bottom space, the free surface of the falling ore in the inclined direction is firstly formed through inclined parallel shallow hole straight-hole undercut type caving 100 plus 600mm of the extremely thin vein, then the stope is filled by one-time wall cutting 900 plus 400mm thick hanging wall rock, the width of the stope is ensured to meet the construction requirements of falling ore, rock drilling, blasting and the like, in order to ensure that the successful excavation and caving ore body do not need the rough ore dressing or middle crushing, if the thickness of the ore body is more than 300mm, a row of non-charging hollow holes are similarly arranged between two rows of inclined parallel straight-hole, the patent still adopts the waste rock generated by wall cutting to fill the stope, the loose waste rock body is difficult to support the upper surrounding rock, accidents such as roof collapse are easy to occur on the working face, especially under the condition that the seam joints of the ore body are relatively developed, the safety of the stope faces significant challenges. Meanwhile, all the disclosed cut-wall filling mining methods adopt manual ore removal, so that the labor intensity of stope workers is high, and the production efficiency of stopes is low.
In conclusion, the existing wall cutting filling method mainly has the following problems that ① stopes are wholly filled with wall cutting waste rocks, loose waste rock filling bodies cannot effectively support surrounding rocks of upper and lower walls along with the increase of mining depth, roof fall and rib spalling are easy to occur in the stope process, the stope operation safety is poor, ② stope operation, particularly ore transportation, still adopts manual transportation, and in a particularly narrow operation space of the wall cutting filling stope, the operation environment of on-site one-line workers is poor, the labor intensity is very high, and the efficiency is particularly low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the process of cutting, filling and stoping the steeply inclined extremely thin ore body, the invention discloses a cutting, filling and mining method for interval cemented pillars, which can effectively solve the problems existing in the conventional cutting, filling and stoping process of the ore body.
The invention provides a cut wall filling mining method for interval cemented pillars, which comprises the following steps:
1) the stopes are arranged along the trend of ore bodies, the ore bodies in the middle section are divided into layers for mining from bottom to top, no top-bottom column is left in the middle section, and no stud is left in the stopes;
2) tunneling a vein-following transportation roadway in the direction of the ore body, constructing a ventilation filling raise in the center of a stope by the vein-following transportation roadway, arranging smooth-going manways at two ends of the stope, serving as ventilation shafts, and erecting a smooth-going shaft every 20-30m along with the rising of a stope layer;
3) stope stoping adopts a vein-following transportation lane as a cutting roadway for layered stoping from bottom to top, stoping is carried out in a backward mode from the center to two sides, stoping blast holes are used for blasting ore falling, the span of the stope is controlled to be 1.2m, ore bodies are stoped by adopting a channeling method, the blasted ore falling is manually raked to the feeding end of a belt conveyor after blasting ventilation, waste rock separation is carried out, the separated ore is conveyed to an ore chute through the belt conveyor, a plurality of hanging hoisting points are arranged at the front part, the middle part and the rear part of the belt conveyor, a plurality of anchor rods are constructed on a roof before stope filling, the belt conveyor is suspended on the roof through the hanging hoisting points by adopting a steel wire rope, the stope is not taken out all the time in the stope is carried out from the vein-;
4) the method comprises the following steps of filling after the layered mining and ore removal are finished, constructing an artificial false bottom at the bottom of a stope by adopting reinforced concrete, filling all layers above the artificial false bottom in an interval cementing mode, namely filling a layer by adopting a waste rock filling body, filling a layer by adopting a cementing filling body, filling alternately in such an interval, wherein the waste rock used for filling the waste rock is waste rock generated by blasting a lower-tray surrounding rock by a wall-cutting blast hole, entering the stope by a ventilation filling raise, laying two layers of geotextile on the lower waste rock filling body during cementing filling, laying a layer of waterproof oil cloth on the geotextile, and then performing cementing filling to prevent fine particles such as cementing filling slurry cement from being separated layer by layer to influence the quality of the filling body.
Preferably, the height of the middle section is 40-60m, the length of the stope along the trend of the ore body is 60-80m, the layering height is 2m, the maximum top control height of the stope is 4m, and the minimum top control height of the stope is 2 m.
Preferably, the hole depth of the stoping blast hole is 1.2-1.6 m, the hole pitch is 1.0m, the row pitch is 0.7m, and the hole diameter is 36-38 mm.
Further, in stopes, local unstable areas of upper and lower trays or roofs are adopted
And (4) supporting the pit wood, wherein beam pits are required to be arranged at two ends of the pit wood.
Further, when stope cemented filling is carried out, filling retaining walls are built on two sides of the stope, the smooth pass chute is erected and wrapped with geotextile, cemented filling slurry enters the stope from a filling ventilation shaft, and the filling ratio is 1: 6-1: 8, the filling height is 2m, and the smooth pass shaft is also used as a stope filling drainage shaft at the moment.
Preferably, the height of the whole belt conveyor is 0.8-1.0m, and the width of the belt is 0.5 m.
Preferably, the smooth pass orepass is formed by welding 8-10mm steel plates, and the diameter of the section is 1.2-1.5 m.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the stope has good stoping operation safety. Compared with a waste rock filling body in a traditional paring filling method, the waste rock filling body in an interval cemented filling mode can fill gaps between waste rocks, the overall strength of the filling body is improved, good supporting effect on surrounding rocks of an upper tray and a lower tray can be achieved, roof caving and two sides rib caving are effectively controlled, ground surface sinking is prevented, and meanwhile filling cost can be saved.
2. The stope has high stope recovery efficiency and large stope production capacity. Compared with the traditional wall cutting filling method, the tailing cemented filling is adopted to replace part of waste rock filling, so that the filling speed of the stope can be improved, the rock drilling blasting and the stope leveling time for taking the waste rock on the side wall are reduced, and meanwhile, the belt conveyor is adopted to remove the ore, so that the stope recovery efficiency can be greatly improved, and the stope production capacity is increased.
3. The loss rate of ore is low. By constructing the artificial false bottom, no top-bottom column is left between the upper middle section and the lower middle section, and no stud is left between adjacent stopes, valuable mineral resources can be recovered to the maximum extent, the mining rate of the mineral resources is improved, and the loss rate of ores is reduced.
4. The comprehensive economic benefit is good. By adopting the interval cemented filling mode, although part of filling cost is increased, the mode of combining the waste rocks with the cemented filling is adopted, the inventory pressure of the surface tailing pond is reduced, the service life of the tailing pond is prolonged, the caving of the upper and lower walls and the settlement and displacement of the surface can be more effectively controlled, and the social and environmental benefits are remarkable, so that the comprehensive economic benefit is better than that of the traditional wall cutting filling method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a cut-wall and cut-fill mining method of a spacer cementitious pillar according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a cut-wall and cut-fill mining method of a spacer cementitious pillar according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at A-A in FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a top view of a cut-wall and cut-fill mining method for a spacer cemented pillar according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-ventilating and filling a courtyard; 2-a direct-way pedestrian well; 3-vein-following haulage roadways; 4-artificial false bottom; 5-pass shaft; 6-waste rock filling body; 7-cementing a filling body; 8-ore caving; 9-a belt conveyor; 10-cutting a blast hole; 11-a bucket; 12-footwall surrounding rock; 13-stoping blast holes; 14-an ore body; 15-pitted wood.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in the drawings 1 to 3, a gold ore body is a steeply inclined extremely thin ore body, the average geological grade of the ore body is 8-9 g/t, the average inclination angle is 80 degrees, and the average thickness of the ore body is 0.5 m. The engineering geology of a mining area is mainly divided into the following three groups according to the mechanical strength of rocks: (1) complete hard half hard group: the lithology is biotite granite, granite spanishite, and Huangjuan engelization (granite, granite fragmentation rock, fragmentation rock), etc., and the rock structure is compact, hard-half hard. The pressure resistance is 38.8-140.1 MPa, the rock mass is stable, and the weather resistance is strong. (2) Group of soft and brittle fracture: comprises fault mud and upper plate Huangfeijien Yangyi granite fragmentation rock, which is a direct roof of ore body. Affected by the structure, the rock is broken and the crack develops. Particularly, the main crack surface is softened when meeting water, so that roof collapse and rib spalling are easy to occur, the engineering geological condition is poor, and the compressive strength is 48.8-75.8 MPa. (3) Loose rock group: and the fourth system is a loose rock stratum containing gravelly silty soil, silty clay and the like, which is scattered on the earth surface and has no influence on the mining. The ore body is mainly in a complete hard-semi hard group and is locally in a broken soft group. The invention provides a cut-wall filling mining method for interval cemented pillars, which comprises the following steps:
1) the stope is arranged along the trend of the ore body, the height of the middle section is 40m, the length of the middle section is 80m, the layering height is 2m, the maximum top control height of the stope is 4m, the minimum top control height of the stope is 2m, no top-bottom column is left between the middle sections, and no interval column is left between the stopes.
2) The method comprises the following steps of excavating a vein-following haulage roadway 3 in an ore body along the trend, constructing a ventilation and filling patio 1 in the center of a stope by the vein-following haulage roadway, wherein the section specification of the ventilation and filling patio is 2.5m multiplied by 2.5m, arranging off-road pedestrian shafts 2 at two ends of the stope and also used as ventilation shafts, the section specification of the off-road pedestrian shafts 2 is 1.8m multiplied by 1.8m, erecting off-road winches 5 every 20-30m along with the ascending of a stope layer, and welding the off-road winches 5 by 8-10mm steel plates, wherein the section diameter is 1.2 m.
3) And the stope stoping adopts a vein-following haulage roadway 3 as a cutting roadway for layered stoping from bottom to top, the layering height is 2.0m, the stoping is carried out in a backward stoping mode from the center to two sides, stoping blast holes 13 are blasted to fall off ores, the stope span is controlled to be 1.2m, firstly, an undercutting method is adopted for stoping ore bodies, the depth of the stoping blast holes 13 is 1.2-1.6 m, the hole pitch is 1.0m, the row pitch is 0.7m, and the hole diameter is 36-38 mm. After blasting ventilation, manually raking the caving ore 8 to a feeding end of a belt conveyor 9, sorting waste rocks, conveying the sorted ore to an off-road chute 5 through the belt conveyor 9, wherein a plurality of suspension hoisting points are arranged at the front part, the middle part and the rear part of the belt conveyor 9, a plurality of anchor rods are constructed on a top plate before a stope is filled, the anchor rods are resin anchor rods, the length of the anchor rods is 1.5m, the belt conveyor 9 is suspended on the top plate through the suspension hoisting points by using a steel wire rope, the stope is not taken out from the stope all the time in the stope mining process, the stope is conveyed out of the stope from an upper middle section vein-following conveying roadway after the stope is pushed to the upper middle section in a layered mode, the whole machine height of the belt conveyor 9 is 0.8-1..
4) The artificial bottom 4 is constructed by adopting reinforced concrete at the bottom of the stope, the layers above the artificial bottom 4 are filled in an interval cementing mode, namely, a layer is filled by adopting a waste rock filling body 6, then a layer is filled by adopting a cemented filling body 7, the layers are alternately filled at intervals, the waste rock filling body 6 used for waste rock filling is waste rock generated by blasting of the lower plate surrounding rock by wall-cutting blast holes, and the cemented filling body 7 used for cemented filling enters the stope from the ventilation filling raise 1. Before stope cemented filling, filling retaining walls are constructed on two sides of the stope, the smooth pass chute 5 is erected and wrapped with geotextile, cemented filling slurry enters the stope from a filling ventilation raise shaft 1, and the filling ratio is 1: 6-1: 8, the filling height is 2m, and the smooth pass chute 5 is also used as a stope filling drainage well at the moment. When in cemented filling, firstly two layers of geotextile are laid on the lower waste rock filling body, the geotextile is filament geotextile, the geotextile is processed by a special process by taking polyester plastic particles as raw materials, the specification is 1000 g/square meter, the tensile resistance is 4.5kN, the width of the geotextile is 1.4m, the left side and the right side of the geotextile respectively exceed the boundaries of the upper disc and the lower disc of the stope and are curled upwards when in laying, a layer of waterproof oilcloth is laid on the geotextile, then the cemented filling is carried out, and the layered segregation of fine particles such as cemented filling slurry cement and the like is prevented to further influence the quality of the filling body.
In the area of unstable local upper and lower trays or top plates in the stope, adopt
The pit 15 is used for supporting, and beam pits are required to be arranged at two ends of the pit 15.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A cut wall filling mining method for interval cemented pillars is characterized in that:
1) the stopes are arranged along the trend of ore bodies, the ore bodies in the middle section are divided into layers for mining from bottom to top, no top-bottom column is left in the middle section, and no stud is left in the stopes;
2) tunneling a vein-following transportation roadway in the direction of the ore body, constructing a ventilation filling raise in the center of a stope by the vein-following transportation roadway, arranging smooth-going manways at two ends of the stope, serving as ventilation shafts, and erecting a smooth-going shaft every 20-30m along with the rising of a stope layer;
3) stope stoping adopts a vein-following transportation lane as a cutting roadway for layered stoping from bottom to top, stoping is carried out in a backward mode from the center to two sides, stoping blast holes are used for blasting ore falling, the span of the stope is controlled to be 1.2m, ore bodies are stoped by adopting a channeling method, the blasted ore falling is manually raked to the feeding end of a belt conveyor after blasting ventilation, waste rock separation is carried out, the separated ore is conveyed to an ore chute through the belt conveyor, a plurality of hanging hoisting points are arranged at the front part, the middle part and the rear part of the belt conveyor, a plurality of anchor rods are constructed on a roof before stope filling, the belt conveyor is suspended on the roof through the hanging hoisting points by adopting a steel wire rope, the stope is not taken out all the time in the stope is carried out from the vein-;
4) the method comprises the following steps of filling the artificial false bottom, constructing the artificial false bottom by using reinforced concrete at the bottom of a stope, filling the artificial false bottom in a spaced cementing mode, namely filling a layer by using a waste rock filling body, filling the cemented filling body with the layer, filling the layer by the interval in an alternating manner, wherein the waste rock used for waste rock filling is waste rock generated by blasting the surrounding rock of a lower tray by a wall-cutting blast hole, feeding the cemented filling body used for cemented filling into the stope from a ventilation filling raise, firstly laying two layers of geotextile on the waste rock filling body at the lower part during cemented filling, laying a layer of waterproof oilcloth on the geotextile, and then performing cemented filling.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the height of the middle section is 40-60m, the length of the stope along the trend of the ore body is 60-80m, the layering height is 2m, the maximum top control height of the stope is 4m, and the minimum top control height of the stope is 2 m.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hole depth of the stoping gun is 1.2-1.6 m, the hole pitch is 1.0m, the row pitch is 0.7m, and the hole diameter is 36-38 mm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the area of unstable local upper and lower trays or top plates in the stope, adopt
And (4) supporting the pit wood, wherein beam pits are required to be arranged at two ends of the pit wood.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the stope is cemented and filled, filling retaining walls are constructed on two sides of the stope, the smooth pass chute is erected and wrapped with geotextile, cemented and filled slurry enters the stope from a filling ventilation shaft, and the filling ash-sand ratio is 1: 6-1: 8, the filling height is 2m, and the smooth pass shaft is also used as a stope filling drainage shaft at the moment.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the smooth pass orepass is formed by welding 8-10mm steel plates, and the diameter of the section is 1.2-1.5 m.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the height of the whole belt conveyor is 0.8-1.0m, and the width of the belt is 0.5 m.
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| CN114278368A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-05 | 安徽铜冠（庐江）矿业有限公司 | Filling protective layer based on steel fiber concrete and construction method |
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| CN113153303A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-07-23 | 山东科技大学 | Downward single-route cemented filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore body |
| CN113153303B (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2023-01-10 | 山东科技大学 | Downward single-route cemented filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore body |
| CN114278368A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-05 | 安徽铜冠（庐江）矿业有限公司 | Filling protective layer based on steel fiber concrete and construction method |
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