CN111039577A - 一种水下超疏油材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种水下超疏油材料及其制备方法。该水下超疏油材料具有高透明度和机械稳定行。其制备方法基于珍珠层仿生矿化策略,利用酸性大分子调控无定型碳酸钙(ACC)在有机膜表面的矿化,从而制备出的有机/无机复合的珍珠层仿生矿化膜。与传统的水凝胶基等水下超疏油材料相比,这种通过仿生矿化制备的水下超疏油材料不仅具有较高的透明度,而且具有较好的机械稳定性能和优异的水下超疏油和超低油附着力。这种矿化膜可以拓展到一系列透明的支撑材料上,在诸多领域有着广阔的应用前景,如潜水镜,水下光学设备和潜航器等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化学化工、功能材料技术领域;更具体地,涉及一种水下超疏油材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
水下超疏油材料在频繁发生的油泄漏的处理等诸多领域中有着广阔的应用前景。为了实现材料的水下超疏油特能,通常需要引入具有分层的微/纳米结构和高表面能材料,使在其表面吸附水分子形成水层。然而,由于广泛的光散射效应,这些分级的微/纳米结构可能导致材料的不透明度,这就阻碍了在水下光学设备和装置中的应用。其中,水凝胶通常具有较高的透明度并常用于水下超疏油材料,但由于其机械强度差,使得很容易受到损伤,不利于实际中的使用。虽然双网水凝胶和无机添加剂复合水凝胶能有效增强水凝胶的机械强度,并具备优良的水下超疏油性能,然而却丧失了其较好的透明度。
天然珍珠层具有优异的力学性能,这在很大程度上取决于生物矿化诱导的约含5%有机基质和95%无机文石复合组分的层状分级结构。近年来,基于珍珠层仿生的设计原理,人们采用逐层组装、蒸发诱导自组装等技术来提升水下超疏油材料的力学性能。然而,这些方法大多侧重于其力学性能的提升,却无法保证材料的透明度。因此,开发同时具有高透明度和机械稳定的水下超疏油材料仍然是目前面临的严峻挑战。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在针对上述现有技术中的不足,提供一种具有高透明度和机械稳定的水下超疏油材料及其制备方法。该制备方法基于珍珠层仿生矿化策略,利用酸性大分子调控无定型碳酸钙(ACC)在有机膜表面的矿化,从而在短时间内制备出的有机/无机复合的珍珠层仿生矿化膜。与传统的水凝胶基等水下超疏油材料相比,这种通过仿生矿化制备的水下超疏油材料不仅具有较高的透明度,而且具有更好的机械稳定性能和优异的水下超疏油和超低油附着力。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
第一方面,本发明提供一种水下超疏油材料,该水下超疏油材料包括有机层和无机层;
所述有机层由带正电荷的高分子聚合物形成;
所述无机层为矿化于所述有机层表面的碳酸钙晶体层。
优选地,所述带正电荷的高分子聚合物选自甲壳素、壳聚糖、甲基丙烯酸修饰的壳聚糖、邻苯二酚修饰的壳聚糖、聚赖氨酸、聚乙酰亚胺、聚甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙酯中的一种或两种以上的混合。
优选地,该水下超疏油材料还包括基底,所述有机层形成于所述基底上;
优选地,所述基底选自玻璃、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
优选地,所述基底经过等离子体处理使其具备超亲水性。
优选地,所述有机层的厚度为0.5μm~100.0μm。
优选地,所述无机层的厚度为0.5μm~50.0μm。
本发明第二个方面提供上述水下超疏油材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)在基底上形成带正电荷的有机层,烘干备用;
2)ACC溶液的制备:
配制浓度为5mM~50mM的钙离子(Ca2+)水溶液;将酸性大分子加入到钙离子水溶液中,搅拌反应10~60min后再加入一定体积的5mM~50mM碳酸根离子(CO3 2-)水溶液,搅拌反应10~60min,用碱调节pH至8.0~13.0;其中的碱可使用氢氧化钠水溶液。
3)仿生矿化:
将形成有有机层的基底浸泡在ACC溶液中矿化1~10小时,通过带正电荷的有机层与带负电荷的ACC复合物之间的静电相互作用,来调控ACC在有机层表面的矿化,形成所述无机层。
优选地,步骤1)中,通过浸泡、旋涂、超铺展技术、喷涂或刮涂的方法在基底上形成所述有机层。
优选地,所述酸性大分子选自聚天冬氨酸、聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸、透明质酸、海藻酸或聚谷氨酸。
优选地,所述酸性大分子加入到钙离子溶液中的质量百分含量为0.001%~1.0%。
优选地,步骤3)中,在10~40℃下进行矿化。
优选地,步骤1)中,在40-80℃烘箱烘干1-8小时。
优选地,步骤1)中,所述基底经过等离子体处理使其具备超亲水性。
优选地,ACC溶液中的钙离子和碳酸根离子的摩尔比值为0.2~2.0。
优选地,对于单位平方厘米有机层的仿生矿化,ACC溶液体积加入量为1.0mL~100.0mL。
具体的,本发明一个优选方案中,该水下超疏油材料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将基底(选自玻璃、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)超声清洗干净后烘干后,等离子体处理使其具备超亲水性。
2)在等离子体处理后的基底上修饰带正电荷的有机层,40-80℃烘干1-8小时备用。
所述的基底上修饰有机层的制备方法选自浸泡、旋涂、超铺展技术、喷涂和刮涂中的一种。带正电荷的有机层中选自甲壳素、壳聚糖、甲基丙烯酸修饰的壳聚糖、邻苯二酚修饰的壳聚糖、聚赖氨酸、聚乙酰亚胺、聚甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙酯中的一种或两种以上的混合。。
3)ACC溶液的制备:
在室温下配制含5mM~50mM的钙离子(Ca2+)溶液,将酸性大分子加入到钙离子溶液中,质量百分含量为0.001%~1.0%,搅拌反应10~60min后再加入一定体积量的5mM~50mM碳酸根离子(CO3 2-)溶液,其中混合后的Ca2+和CO3 2-摩尔比含量为0.2~2.0,搅拌反应10~60min,用氢氧化钠水溶液调节混合溶液pH至8.0~12.0。
所述的酸性大分子选自聚天冬氨酸、聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸、透明质酸、海藻酸、聚谷氨酸中的一种。
4)仿生矿化:
在10~40℃下,将修饰后带正电荷的基底浸泡在ACC溶液中矿化1~10小时,其中,对于单位平面厘米的有机层的仿生矿化中,ACC溶液体积加入量为1.0mL~100.0mL。
本发明相对于现有技术具有以下优点和有益效果:
1、本发明制备的水下超疏油材料不仅具备优异的水下超疏油和低粘附特性,同时还兼具高透明度和高机械强度的性能,拓宽了材料多个方面的用途;
2、本发明制备的水下超疏油材料成本低廉、原料易得、设备和制作工艺及其简单,可用于大范围的制备;
3、本发明制备的水下超疏油材料可作为涂层应用在绝大部分的基材表面,对基材表面的结构和组分无特殊要求;
4、本发明制备的水下超疏油材料主要为碳酸钙晶体,其安全性高、使用寿命长、耐磨损,适合在生物医用领域推广使用;
5、本发明制备的水下超疏油材料不仅可以多次反复使用,而且在损坏后还具备可再生修复的能力,进一步提高了材料的利用率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为实施例1制备得到的水下超疏油材料在水下对油滴(1,3-二氯乙烷)的接触角照片。
图2为实施例1制备得到的水下超疏油材料的光学和扫描电镜照片。
图3为实施例1制备得到的水下超疏油材料的纳米压痕载荷-位移曲线。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的技术内容,特举以下实施例进一步详细描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。需要指出的是,其它任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、替换、修饰、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1
(1)用去离子水将玻璃片(5×5cm2,d=1mm)超声30min清洗干净,并放入40℃的烘箱1小时烘干,用等离子清洗机在高功率模式下处理8min;
(2)将预先配制好的1.0wt%壳聚糖通过旋涂在上述玻璃片上,其旋涂的转速为5000rpm并保持1min,旋涂后放入40℃的烘箱2小时烘干;
(3)用去离子水配制25mM的CaCl2水溶液100mL,室温下搅拌溶解30min后,再加入0.06g的聚丙烯酸(PAA),继续搅拌溶解30min后,再缓慢加入25mM的NaCO3水溶液100mL,继续搅拌混匀30min后,用1.0mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液调节混合溶液pH=10.0,得到聚合物包裹的ACC溶液;
(4)将上述修饰后的玻璃片浸泡在25mL的ACC溶液中,在30℃水浴锅内静置矿化5小时后,即可在玻璃表面获得一种具有高透明度和机械稳定的水下超疏油材料。
图1为该水下超疏油材料在水下对油滴(1,3-二氯乙烷)的接触角照片,表明其具有优良的水下超疏油性能。
图2为该水下超疏油材料的光学和扫描电镜照片,表明其具有较高的透明度和具有微/纳米尺度的分级结构。
图3为该水下超疏油材料的纳米压痕载荷-位移曲线,表明其具有较高的硬度和模量值,与珍珠层类似。
实施例2
(1)用去离子水将玻璃片(5×5cm2,d=1mm)超声30min清洗干净,并放入60℃的烘箱1小时烘干,用等离子清洗机在高功率模式下处理8min;
(2)将上述玻璃片浸泡在预先配制好的5.0wt%聚乙酰亚胺溶液中(100mL),浸泡时间30min后捞出,放入60℃的烘箱2小时烘干;
(3)用去离子水配制20mM的CaCl2水溶液100ml,室温下搅拌溶解20min后,再加入0.08g的聚天冬氨酸(PASP),继续搅拌溶解20min后,再缓慢加入20mM的NaCO3水溶液100mL,继续搅拌混匀20min后,用1.0mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液调节混合溶液pH=11.0,得到聚合物包裹的ACC溶液;
(4)将上述修饰后的玻璃片浸泡在30mL的ACC溶液中,在25℃水浴锅内静置矿化6小时后,即可在玻璃表面获得一种具有高透明度和机械稳定的水下超疏油材料。
实施例3
(1)用去离子水将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯片(PET)(5×5cm2,d=5mm)超声30min清洗干净,并放入60℃的烘箱1小时烘干,用等离子清洗机在高功率模式下处理12min;
(2)将预先配制好的6.0wt%聚赖氨酸均匀喷涂在上述PET片上,其喷涂基底温度控制在60℃,喷涂后的PET放入60℃的烘箱2小时进一步烘干;
(3)用去离子水配制28mM的CaCl2水溶液100mL,室温下搅拌溶解30min后,再加入0.06g的聚丙烯酸(PAA),继续搅拌溶解30min后,再缓慢加入28mM的NaCO3水溶液100mL,继续搅拌混匀30min后,用1.0mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液调节混合溶液pH=13.0,得到聚合物包裹的ACC溶液;
(4)将上述修饰后的玻璃片浸泡在50mL的ACC溶液中,在35℃水浴锅内静置矿化6小时后,即可在PET表面获得一种具有高透明度和机械稳定的水下超疏油材料。
实施例4
(1)用去离子水将玻璃片(5×5cm2,d=1mm)超声30min清洗干净,并放入80℃的烘箱1小时烘干,用等离子清洗机在高功率模式下处理8min;
(2)将预先配制好的1.0wt%壳聚糖通过刮涂在上述玻璃片上,且刮膜器控制的溶液层厚度保持在100μm,刮涂后放入80℃的烘箱2小时烘干;
(3)用去离子水配制5mM的CaCl2水溶液100ml,室温下搅拌溶解40min后,再加入0.06g的海藻酸(Alg),继续搅拌溶解40min后,再缓慢加入5mM的NaCO3水溶液100ml,继续搅拌混匀40min后,用1.0mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液调节混合溶液pH=11.0,得到聚合物包裹的ACC溶液;
(4)将上述修饰后的玻璃片浸泡在50mL的ACC溶液中,在20℃水浴锅内静置矿化8小时后,即可在玻璃表面获得一种具有高透明度和机械稳定的水下超疏油材料。
实施例5
(1)用去离子水将聚苯乙烯片(PS)(5×5cm2,d=1mm)超声30min清洗干净,并放入60℃的烘箱1小时烘干,用等离子清洗机在高功率模式下处理12min;
(2)将预先配制好的1.0wt%甲基丙烯酸修饰的壳聚糖(含0.5wt%I2959光引发剂)通过超铺展技术修饰在上述玻璃片上,将紫外光固化后的膜用乙醇清洗后,放入60℃的烘箱2小时烘干;
(3)用去离子水配制26mM的CaCl2水溶液100mL,室温下搅拌溶解30min后,再加入0.05g的聚丙烯酸(PAA),继续搅拌溶解30min后,再缓慢加入26mM的NaCO3水溶液100mL,继续搅拌混匀30min后,用1.0mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液调节混合溶液pH=11.0,得到聚合物包裹的ACC溶液;
(4)将上述修饰后的玻璃片浸泡在50mL的ACC溶液中,在30℃水浴锅内静置矿化6小时后,即可在PS表面获得一种具有高透明度和机械稳定的水下超疏油材料。
实施例6
(1)用去离子水将玻璃片(5×5cm2,d=1mm)超声30min清洗干净,并放入60℃的烘箱1小时烘干,用等离子清洗机在高功率模式下处理10min;
(2)将上述玻璃片浸泡在预先配制好的1.0wt%邻苯二酚修饰的壳聚糖(CHI-C)溶液中(100mL),浸泡时间60min后捞出,放入60℃的烘箱2小时烘干;
(3)用去离子水配制25mM的CaCl2水溶液100mL,室温下搅拌溶解30min后,再加入0.05g的聚丙烯酸(PAA),继续搅拌溶解30min后,再缓慢加入25mM的NaCO3水溶液100mL,继续搅拌混匀30min后,用1.0mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液调节混合溶液pH=12.0,得到聚合物包裹的ACC溶液;
(4)将上述修饰后的玻璃片浸泡在50mL的ACC溶液中,在25℃水浴锅内静置矿化5小时后,即可在玻璃表面获得一种具有高透明度和机械稳定的水下超疏油材料。
实施例7
(1)用去离子水聚碳酸酯片(PC)(5×5cm2,d=1mm)超声30min清洗干净,并放入50℃的烘箱1小时烘干,用等离子清洗机在高功率模式下处理15min;
(2)将预先配制好的含1.0wt%壳聚糖和4.0wt%聚乙酰亚胺混合高分子溶液通过旋涂在上述玻璃片上,其旋涂的转速为6000rpm并保持1min,旋涂后放入50℃的烘箱2小时烘干;
(3)用去离子水配制30mM的CaCl2水溶液100mL,室温下搅拌溶解40min后,再加入0.10g的聚丙烯酸(PAA),继续搅拌溶解40min后,再缓慢加入30mM的NaCO3水溶液100mL,继续搅拌混匀40min后,用1.0mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液调节混合溶液pH=12.0,得到聚合物包裹的ACC溶液;
(4)将上述修饰后的玻璃片浸泡在50mL的ACC溶液中,在40℃水浴锅内静置矿化5小时后,即可在PC表面获得一种具有高透明度和机械稳定的水下超疏油材料。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定,对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举,凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (10)
1.一种水下超疏油材料,其特征在于,该水下超疏油材料包括有机层和无机层;
所述有机层由带正电荷的高分子聚合物形成;
所述无机层为矿化于所述有机层表面的碳酸钙晶体层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水下超疏油材料,其特征在于,所述带正电荷的高分子聚合物选自甲壳素、壳聚糖、甲基丙烯酸修饰的壳聚糖、邻苯二酚修饰的壳聚糖、聚赖氨酸、聚乙酰亚胺、聚甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙酯中的一种或两种以上的混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的水下超疏油材料,其特征在于,该水下超疏油材料还包括基底,所述有机层形成于所述基底上;
优选地,所述基底选自玻璃、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯;
优选地,所述基底经过等离子体处理使其具备超亲水性。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的水下超疏油材料,其特征在于,所述有机层的厚度为0.5μm~100.0μm;
优选地,所述无机层的厚度为0.5μm~50.0μm。
5.一种权利要求1-4任一项所述水下超疏油材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)在基底上形成带正电荷的有机层,烘干备用;
2)ACC溶液的制备:
配制浓度为5mM~50mM的钙离子水溶液;将酸性大分子加入到钙离子水溶液中,搅拌反应10~60min后再加入一定体积的5mM~50mM碳酸根离子(CO3 2-)水溶液,搅拌反应10~60min,用碱调节pH至8.0~13.0;
3)仿生矿化:
将形成有有机层的基底浸泡在ACC溶液中矿化1~10小时,形成所述无机层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,通过浸泡、旋涂、超铺展技术、喷涂或刮涂的方法在基底上形成所述有机层。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述酸性大分子选自聚天冬氨酸、聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸、透明质酸、海藻酸或聚谷氨酸;
优选地,所述酸性大分子加入到钙离子溶液中的质量百分含量为0.001%~1.0%。
8.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,在10~40℃下进行矿化。
9.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,在40-80℃烘箱烘干1-8小时;
优选地,所述基底经过等离子体处理使其具备超亲水性。
10.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,ACC溶液中的钙离子和碳酸根离子的摩尔比值为0.2~2.0;
优选地,对于单位平方厘米有机层的仿生矿化,ACC溶液体积加入量为1.0mL~100.0mL。
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CN114011249A (zh) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-08 | 江南大学 | 一种高稳定性油水分离矿化膜及其制备方法和用途 |
CN114011249B (zh) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-09-16 | 江南大学 | 一种高稳定性油水分离矿化膜及其制备方法和用途 |
CN115536887A (zh) * | 2022-10-25 | 2022-12-30 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | 一种多功能超亲水自清洁涂层及其制备方法 |
CN117922070A (zh) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-04-26 | 中国科学技术大学苏州高等研究院 | 基于亲液基底的超铺展制备薄膜的方法和装置 |
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