CN111034438A

CN111034438A - Small-size hand-held fertilizer deep placement machine

Info

Publication number: CN111034438A
Application number: CN201911296875.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 康杰; 钱晓胜; 杨益; 王兴友
Original assignee: Southwest University
Current assignee: Southwest University
Priority date: 2019-12-16
Filing date: 2019-12-16
Publication date: 2020-04-21

Abstract

The invention discloses a small-sized hand-held fertilizer deep applicator, which comprises a rack, and a power device, a transmission device, a walking device, a fertilizing device, a deep trench digging device and a soil covering device which are arranged on the rack; the machine adopts a narrow wheel base, a simple machine body and a single small amount of low-power ditching devices, and realizes the deep fertilizer application function of the low-power fertilizer applying machine suitable for sandy soil in hilly and mountainous areas.

Description

Small-size hand-held fertilizer deep placement machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to a small-sized hand-held fertilizer deep applicator in the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a single-ridge hand-held fertilizer applicator for deep fertilization of sandy soil in hilly and mountainous areas.

Background

The deep fertilization can obviously improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and reduce the loss of the fertilizer, and is characterized in that the fertilizer is applied to the bottom soil, thereby being beneficial to the absorption and growth of the root system at the bottom of the crop. Deep application of fertilizers has the following benefits: 1. the lower soil colloid can be used for adsorbing ammonium ions, so that the volatilization loss is reduced; 2. the denitrification loss caused by denitrification of ammonium nitrogen is avoided after the fertilizer is applied to the lower layer of the soil; 3. the fertilizer loss of surface runoff is avoided; 4. the absorption by plants such as weeds on the surface layer of the soil is avoided; 5. the phenomenon that the crops lack nutrients in the later period is avoided; 6. the calcium superphosphate is prepared into the ball fertilizer for deep application, so that the contact area of the soil can be reduced, the effect of fixing the phosphorus by the soil is relieved, and the fertilizer efficiency is improved.

In plain areas, large and medium-sized tractors are usually used to realize high-efficiency deep fertilizer application. But in hilly mountain area, make current big-and-middle-sized machine unable be suitable for because of the topography reason, the fertilization operation in this area mainly relies on the manual work to spill fertile, leads to fertilizer utilization ratio low, and deep soil lacks the fertility, and the part is great with the fertilizer distributor of ploughing machine as power a little, and the hilly mountain area field of not being convenient for is used not only overall dimension, is limited to power and fertilization agricultural implement mechanical structure moreover, can only carry out the fertilization of top soil, can't carry out the operation of fertilizer deep placement. Therefore, there is a need for a small fertilizer applicator that is small in size, light in weight, and capable of achieving deep application of fertilizer in hilly and mountainous areas.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a small-sized hand-held deep fertilizer applicator suitable for sandy soil in hilly areas, which is used for improving the mechanical fertilization degree and the fertilization operation quality in the areas and reducing the labor intensity of fertilization.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a small-sized hand-held fertilizer deep-fertilizing machine comprises a frame, and a power device, a transmission device, a walking device, a fertilizing device, a deep-ditching device and a soil-covering device which are arranged on the frame. The power device comprises two-stroke

small gasoline engines

4 and 5, the two small gasoline engines respectively transmit power to the soil digging rotating mechanism and the soil digging depth control pressing hydraulic cylinder 14 through machinery and a hydraulic transmission device so as to realize deep groove opening operation, the walking wheels 3 transmit power to the fertilizer distributor 10 through the fertilizer distributor driving chain wheel 21 and the fertilizer distributor driving chain 2 under the push of manpower so as to apply fertilizer in the fertilizer box 11 into the deep groove, the soil dug by ditching is pushed into the deep groove by the soil covering plate 9 at the rear end so as to cover the fertilizer and fill the deep groove, and the deep fertilizer application operation under the sandy soil environment is realized through the operation process.

Preferably, the two-stroke

small gasoline engines

4 and 5 transmit power to the speed reducer 8 for providing rotary power for the deep trench digging device, the hydraulic pump 16 for downward pressure and the hydraulic cylinder 14 for downward pressure through the

transmission belts

7 and 17 respectively so as to realize downward rotary soil digging operation of the deep trench digging device and open the deep trench; with the advance of the fertilizer deep placement machine, the walking wheels 3 transmit power to the fertilizer placement machine 10 through the fertilizer placement machine driving chain wheels 21 fixed on the walking wheel shafts and the fertilizer placement machine driving chains 2, the fertilizer placement machine 10 runs along with the power, fertilizer in the fertilizer box 11 is placed in a deep ditch, and soil dug up by ditching is covered in the ditch and is filled up the deep ditch through the soil covering plates 9. The fertilizer deep applicator adopts a self-walking mode, has the wheel track of only 60 cm, is suitable for common single-ridge fertilizing operation, does not need to be matched with independent power machines such as a mini-tiller, has the characteristics of small volume and light weight, and is suitable for turning around and transferring in fields of small plots in hilly and mountainous areas.

Preferably, the deep fertilizer applicator adopts two-stroke

small gasoline engines

4 and 5 to respectively provide power for the rotation and the pressing of ditching operation, so that a transmission device is simplified, a transfer case is not needed for power distribution of a single engine, and the weight of the whole machine can be reduced; the whole machine is pushed by manpower, and the fertilizer apparatus 10 is driven by the rotation of the walking wheels 3, so that the number of power devices can be reduced, and the weight of the whole machine is further reduced.

Preferably, the fertilizer deep applicator adopts a two-wheel walking mechanism, the wheel track is 60 cm, and only single-ridge single-row fertilization deep application operation is carried out, so that the width of the machine body is reduced, and the turning around in fields and the narrow-path transfer in fields are facilitated.

Preferably, the two-stroke small gasoline engine 4 supplies power to the hydraulic pump 16 through the transmission belt 17, and high-pressure oil generated by the hydraulic pump 16 drives the pressing hydraulic cylinder 14 to extend and press through the hydraulic oil pipe 22, so that the deep trench digging device is pressed into soil; the two-stroke small gasoline engine 5 transmits power to the speed reducer 8 through the transmission belt 7, and the power is reduced by the speed reducer 8 and then drives the ditching chain wheel 25 and the ditching chain 24 to rotate through the central transmission chain 18, the side transmission chain 19 and the side transmission chain wheel 15, so that the ditching tooth bottom plate 20 fixed on the ditching chain 24 and the ditching teeth 13 on the ditching chain are driven to rotate to dig soil and ditch.

Preferably, the ditching device comprises a central transmission chain 18, a side transmission chain 19, a side transmission chain wheel 15, a pressing hydraulic cylinder 14, a ditching tooth bottom plate 20, a ditching tooth 13, a ditching chain 24 and a ditching chain wheel 25. Ditching tooth 13 is through welded fastening on ditching tooth bottom plate 20, ditching tooth bottom plate 20 passes through bolted connection on ditching chain 24, ditching chain 24 drives ditching tooth bottom plate 20 and ditching tooth 13 when rotating and rotates together, it provides decurrent pressure for it to push down pneumatic cylinder 14, along with pushing down the extension of pneumatic cylinder 14 and pushing down, ditching chain 24 rotates downwards around the axle center of side driving sprocket 15, ditching tooth 13 begins to last soil plough to the required degree of depth downwards from top soil, then operating personnel advances resistance control ditching forward speed according to the ditching, carry out a small amount of low-power ditching operation of single through small-size ditching tooth 13 and less soil plough feed volume, realize digging out the zanjon gradually under the drive of low-power.

Preferably, the hydraulic cylinder 14 can be pressed down to the deep layer of sandy soil with the depth of more than 30 centimeters so as to meet the agricultural requirements of deep fertilizer application, and the pressing speed of the hydraulic cylinder 14 can be controlled by a flow switch on the handrail assembly 1.

Preferably, two ditching teeth 13 are welded on the ditching tooth bottom plate 20, and the ditching teeth 13 on two adjacent ditching tooth bottom plates 20 are staggered with each other, so that only two ditching teeth 13 act on sandy soil and dig soil alternately during ditching in the process of ditching for deep ditch operation, the power required by single ditching operation is reduced, and a two-stroke gasoline engine with small volume and light weight can be selected as ditching power to reduce the weight and the volume of the whole machine.

Preferably, the fertilizing device comprises a fertilizer box 11 and a fertilizer distributor 10, the fertilizer distributor 10 is driven by a fertilizer distributor driving chain wheel 21 and a fertilizer distributor driving chain 2 which are fixed on the axle of the travelling wheel 3, and the fertilizer distributor 10 rotates and distributes fertilizer in the fertilizer box 11 into the deep ditch as the travelling wheel 3 is pushed by manpower.

Preferably, the soil covering device is a pair of soil covering plates 9, the soil covering plates 9 are arranged in a splayed shape with a wide front part and a narrow back part along the advancing direction, and the soil dug up by ditching can be pushed into a deep ditch to finish the soil covering operation.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.

The invention adopts two-stroke small gasoline engines to respectively provide rotary power and downward pressure for the deep trench digging device so as to simplify a transmission device, the adjacent ditching teeth are staggered so as to reduce single ditching power, narrow wheel spacing is adopted for single-ridge operation so as to reduce the total operation power and improve the flexibility of a machine body, and the structure is simplified by replacing an independent power driving device through manpower pushing, so that the weight of the whole machine is reduced; the deep fertilizer applicator has the advantages that on the basis of the functions of deep ditch digging and deep fertilizer application of sandy soil, an independent power machine is not required, the volume of the whole deep fertilizer applicator is small, the weight is light, and the deep fertilizer applicator is suitable for hilly and mountainous terrain.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a top view of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a side view of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a rear view and partial cross-sectional view of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a front view of the trenching assembly of the present invention coupled to a body.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the trenching apparatus of the present invention coupled to a machine body.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a driving part in the trenching apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the trenching apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a side view of the trenching assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a front view of the trenching assembly of the present invention.

In the figure, 1 is a handrail assembly, 2 is a fertilizer distributor driving chain, 3 is a traveling wheel, 4 and 5 are two-stroke small gasoline engines, 6 is a front frame, 7 is a transmission belt, 8 is a speed reducer, 9 is a soil covering plate, 10 is a fertilizer distributor, 11 is a fertilizer box, 12 is a rear frame, 13 is a ditching tooth, 14 is a pressing hydraulic cylinder, 15 is a side transmission chain wheel, 16 is a hydraulic pump, 17 is a transmission belt, 18 is a central transmission chain, 19 is a side transmission chain, 20 is a ditching tooth bottom plate, 21 is a fertilizer distributor driving chain wheel, 22 is a hydraulic oil pipe, 23 is a side connecting plate, 24 is a ditching chain and 25 is a ditching chain wheel.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, a small-sized hand-held fertilizer deep-spreading machine comprises a frame, and a power device, a transmission device, a walking device, a fertilizing device, a deep-furrowing device and a soil-covering device which are arranged on the frame. The power device comprises two-stroke

small gasoline engines

4 and 5, the two small gasoline engines respectively transmit power to the soil digging rotating mechanism and the soil digging depth control pressing hydraulic cylinder 14 through mechanical and hydraulic transmission devices to realize deep groove opening operation, the walking wheels 3 transmit power to the fertilizer distributor 10 through the fertilizer distributor driving chain 2 under the push of manpower so as to apply fertilizer in the fertilizer box 11 into a deep groove, the soil dug by the ditching is pushed into the groove by the soil covering plate 9 at the rear end to cover the fertilizer and fill the deep groove, and the deep fertilizer application operation under the sandy soil environment is realized through the operation process.

The two-stroke

small gasoline engines

4 and 5 respectively transmit power to a speed reducer 8 and a pressing hydraulic cylinder 14 which provide rotary power and downward pressure for the deep trench digging device through

transmission belts

7 and 17 so as to realize downward rotary soil digging operation of the deep trench digging device and open deep trenches.

The two-stroke small gasoline engine 4 supplies power to the hydraulic pump 16 through the transmission belt 17, and high-pressure oil generated by the hydraulic pump 16 drives the pressing hydraulic cylinder 14 to extend and press through the hydraulic oil pipe 22, so that the deep trench digging device is pressed into soil.

The two-stroke small gasoline engine 5 transmits power to the speed reducer 8 through the transmission belt 7, and the power is reduced by the speed reducer 8 and then drives the ditching teeth 13 to rotate through the central transmission chain 18 and the side transmission chain wheel 15 to dig soil and ditch.

The fertilizer applying device comprises a fertilizer box 11 and a fertilizer distributor 10, wherein the fertilizer distributor 10 is driven by a fertilizer distributor driving chain wheel 21 and a fertilizer distributor driving chain 2 which are fixed on the wheel shaft of the travelling wheel 3.

The soil covering device is a pair of soil covering plates 9, the soil covering plates 9 are arranged in a splayed mode with the front part being wide and the rear part being narrow along the advancing direction, and soil dug up by ditching can be pushed into a deep ditch to finish soil covering operation.

Referring to fig. 6, 7 and 8, the deep trench digging device is connected with the rear frame 12 through a side connecting plate 23, and the side driving chain wheels 15 are respectively fixed on the rear frame 12 and the deep trench digging device frame and are connected through a side driving chain 19.

The transmission of the ditching device adopts a chain wheel and chain driving mode, the ditching chain 24 and the ditching chain wheel 25 are driven to rotate by the side surface transmission chain 19 and the side surface transmission chain wheel 15, so that the ditching teeth 13 fixed on the ditching chain 24 are driven to dig soil in a rotating mode, and the ditching chain 24 can rotate around the axis of the side surface transmission chain wheel 15.

Referring to fig. 9, 10 and 11, the ditching device comprises a central transmission chain 18, a side transmission chain 19, a side transmission chain wheel 15, a pressing hydraulic cylinder 14, a ditching tooth bottom plate 20, a ditching tooth 13, a ditching chain 24 and a ditching chain wheel 25. Ditching tooth 13 is through welded fastening on ditching tooth bottom plate 20, ditching tooth bottom plate 20 passes through bolted connection on ditching chain 24, ditching chain 24 drives ditching tooth bottom plate 20 and ditching tooth 13 when rotating and rotates together, it provides decurrent pressure for it to push down pneumatic cylinder 14, along with pushing down the extension of pneumatic cylinder 14 and pushing down, ditching chain 24 rotates downwards around the axle center of side driving sprocket 15, ditching tooth 13 begins to last soil plough to the required degree of depth downwards from top soil, then operating personnel advances resistance control ditching forward speed according to the ditching, carry out a small amount of low-power ditching operation of single through small-size ditching tooth 13 and less soil plough feed volume, realize digging out the zanjon gradually under the drive of low-power.

The welding has two ditching teeth 13 on the ditching tooth bottom plate 20, and the ditching teeth 13 on two adjacent ditching tooth bottom plates 20 are crisscross each other, makes only two ditching teeth 13 act on sandy soil and dig soil in turn in order to reduce single power of digging soil when opening the zanjon operation at every turn, pushes down pneumatic cylinder 14 and can push down ditching teeth 13 to the sandy soil deep layer more than 30 centimetres.

The embodiment provides a small-sized hand-held fertilizer deep applicator, which comprises the following specific operation steps.

An operator firstly supports the front frame 6 on the ground, manually starts the two-stroke

small gasoline engines

4 and 5, then starts the deep groove opening device to rotate, holds the handrail assembly 1 by hand and presses the flow switch on the handrail assembly 1 to control the pressing hydraulic cylinder 14 to push the deep groove opening device to cut into soil for ditching, and when the ditching depth meets the requirement, releases the flow switch, and stops extending and pressing the pressing hydraulic cylinder 14 and keeps static pressing force.

Then an operator holds the handrail assembly 1 and pushes the small-sized fertilizer deep placement machine forward, the traveling wheels 3 rotate forward under the action of thrust, the deep placement device continuously ditches along the advancing direction, the fertilizer distributor 10 also rotates to distribute fertilizer under the driving of the traveling wheels 3 and applies the fertilizer into the deep groove, and then the soil covering plate 9 advances by adhering to the ground and fills the soil dug out by ditching back into the deep groove for covering, thereby realizing the operation function of fertilizer deep placement.

After the fertilizer deep application operation is finished, the operator presses the flow switch again, and the lower hydraulic cylinder 14 starts to contract and lifts the deep groove opening device for resetting; the fertilizer discharging door in the fertilizer box 11 is closed, the two-stroke

small gasoline engines

4 and 5 are extinguished, and then the small fertilizer deep applicator can be pushed to turn around or transfer in the field.

While the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.

Claims

1. A small-size hand-held fertilizer deep placement machine which characterized in that: the deep ditch digging machine comprises a rack, and a power device, a transmission device, a walking device, a fertilizing device, a deep ditch digging device and a soil covering device which are arranged on the rack, wherein the power device drives the deep ditch digging device to rotate downwards through the transmission device to dig a deep ditch, the walking device rotates forwards under the push of manpower and drives the fertilizing device to apply fertilizer into the deep ditch, and finally soil dug up by the soil covering device is pushed into the ditch to cover the fertilizer and fill up the deep ditch.

2. A small-sized hand-held fertilizer deep applicator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the whole machine adopts narrow-wheel-pitch single-ridge operation and manpower pushing, and carries out single-time small-amount low-power ditching operation through the small-size ditching teeth (13) which are arranged in a staggered mode and small soil planing feeding amount.

3. A small-sized hand-held fertilizer deep applicator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power device comprises two-stroke small gasoline engines (4) and (5), and respectively transmits power to a speed reducer (8) for providing rotary power for the deep trench digging device, a hydraulic pump (16) for downward pressure and a downward hydraulic cylinder (14) through transmission belts (7) and (17).

4. A small-sized hand-held fertilizer deep applicator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ditching deep groove device comprises a central transmission chain (18), a side transmission chain (19), a side transmission chain wheel (15), a pressing hydraulic cylinder (14), a ditching tooth bottom plate (20), ditching teeth (13), a ditching chain (24) and a ditching chain wheel (25), the ditching teeth (13) are fixed on the ditching tooth bottom plate (20) through welding, the ditching tooth bottom plate (20) is connected onto the ditching chain (24) through bolts, the ditching chain (24) drives the ditching tooth bottom plate (20) and the ditching teeth (13) to rotate together when rotating, the pressing hydraulic cylinder (14) provides downward pressure for the pressing hydraulic cylinder, the pressing hydraulic cylinder (14) is pressed down along with the extension of the pressing hydraulic cylinder (14), the ditching chain (24) rotates downwards around the axis of the side transmission chain wheel (15), and the ditching teeth (13) start to continuously dig soil downwards from surface soil.

5. A small-sized hand-held fertilizer deep applicator according to claim 1, characterized in that: two ditching teeth (13) are welded on the ditching tooth bottom plate (20), and the ditching teeth (13) on two adjacent ditching tooth bottom plates (20) are staggered with each other, so that only two ditching teeth (13) act on sandy soil and dig soil alternately at each time when a deep ditch is opened.