CN111034063A - 通信方法、通信装置和系统 - Google Patents
通信方法、通信装置和系统 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111034063A CN111034063A CN201880051818.2A CN201880051818A CN111034063A CN 111034063 A CN111034063 A CN 111034063A CN 201880051818 A CN201880051818 A CN 201880051818A CN 111034063 A CN111034063 A CN 111034063A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- matrix
- precoding matrix
- type
- precoding
- codebook
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 990
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 174
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 97
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 97
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 52
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 44
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 34
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 31
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 29
- 229920006934 PMI Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241001134453 Lista Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017105 transposition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
- H04B7/0486—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking channel rank into account
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03891—Spatial equalizers
- H04L25/03898—Spatial equalizers codebook-based design
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
- H04L27/2627—Modulators
- H04L27/2634—Inverse fast Fourier transform [IFFT] or inverse discrete Fourier transform [IDFT] modulators in combination with other circuits for modulation
- H04L27/2636—Inverse fast Fourier transform [IFFT] or inverse discrete Fourier transform [IDFT] modulators in combination with other circuits for modulation with FFT or DFT modulators, e.g. standard single-carrier frequency-division multiple access [SC-FDMA] transmitter or DFT spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing [DFT-SOFDM]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
- H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/063—Parameters other than those covered in groups H04B7/0623 - H04B7/0634, e.g. channel matrix rank or transmit mode selection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0636—Feedback format
- H04B7/0639—Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Discrete Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Radio Transmission System (AREA)
Abstract
本申请提供了一种通信方法、通信装置和系统,能够支持多种传输形式。该方法包括:发送PMI和RI,该PMI和该RI用于指示码本中的预编码矩阵,该预编码矩阵的秩大于1;其中,该码本包括第一类预编码矩阵、第二类预编码矩阵和第三类预编码矩阵中的至少两类,该第一类预编码矩阵中的任意一个矩阵的每个列向量仅包括一个非零元素,且任意两个列向量中的非零元素所在的行不同,该第二类预编码矩阵中的任意一个矩阵的至少一个列向量包括至少一个零元素和至少两个非零元素,该第三类预编码矩阵中的任意一个矩阵中的每一个元素均为非零元素,且该第三类预编码矩阵中的任意一个矩阵的任意两个列向量相互正交。
Description
PCT国内申请,说明书已公开。
Claims (78)
- PCT国内申请,权利要求书已公开。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711131566.8A CN109787668B (zh) | 2017-11-15 | 2017-11-15 | 通信方法、通信装置和系统 |
CN2017111315668 | 2017-11-15 | ||
PCT/CN2018/114857 WO2019096071A1 (zh) | 2017-11-15 | 2018-11-09 | 通信方法、通信装置和系统 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN111034063A true CN111034063A (zh) | 2020-04-17 |
CN111034063B CN111034063B (zh) | 2021-12-21 |
Family
ID=66495557
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711131566.8A Active CN109787668B (zh) | 2017-11-15 | 2017-11-15 | 通信方法、通信装置和系统 |
CN201880051818.2A Active CN111034063B (zh) | 2017-11-15 | 2018-11-09 | 通信方法、通信装置和系统 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711131566.8A Active CN109787668B (zh) | 2017-11-15 | 2017-11-15 | 通信方法、通信装置和系统 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US10958320B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3713104A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP7216088B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102332980B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN109787668B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2018369056B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112020009497A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA3082725C (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2019096071A1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113938169A (zh) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-01-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | 预编码矩阵确定方法及装置 |
CN114598366A (zh) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种通信方法、装置、芯片、存储介质及程序产品 |
WO2022237711A1 (zh) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-11-17 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | 预编码矩阵的指示方法、终端及网络侧设备 |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11509364B2 (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2022-11-22 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Techniques and apparatuses for uplink precoder determination using downlink reference signals or downlink precoder determination using uplink reference signals |
EP3691156B1 (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2022-07-20 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Waveform selection method and device |
CN109803253B (zh) * | 2017-11-17 | 2020-06-23 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | 一种信号传输方法、终端及网络设备 |
CN111670594A (zh) * | 2018-02-16 | 2020-09-15 | 松下电器(美国)知识产权公司 | 发送机及发送方法 |
EP3844890A1 (en) | 2018-10-12 | 2021-07-07 | Sony Corporation | Operating communication devices |
CN112751598B (zh) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-11-11 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种预编码矩阵的处理方法和通信装置 |
US12019143B2 (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2024-06-25 | Cognitive Systems Corp. | Using high-efficiency PHY frames for motion detection |
WO2022077487A1 (zh) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-04-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | 信息发送方法、信息接收方法及相关设备 |
CN118140430A (zh) * | 2021-10-28 | 2024-06-04 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 无线通信的方法、终端设备和网络设备 |
EP4348857A4 (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2024-07-24 | Zte Corp | UPLINK TRANSMISSION PROCEDURE |
CN118318404A (zh) * | 2022-03-08 | 2024-07-09 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 通信方法、装置、设备、存储介质、芯片、产品及程序 |
US20230291612A1 (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2023-09-14 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Channel state feedback using demodulation reference signals |
WO2023184555A1 (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2023-10-05 | Nec Corporation | Methods, devices, and computer readable medium for communication |
WO2024002095A1 (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2024-01-04 | Mediatek Inc. | Method and apparatus for uplink signal precoding and reporting |
WO2024035930A1 (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-02-15 | Intel Corporation | Enhanced uplink transmissions for wireless communications using more than four layers |
CN117856833A (zh) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-09 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | 上行传输方法、终端、网络设备、装置和存储介质 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101789848A (zh) * | 2010-01-11 | 2010-07-28 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Lte-a系统的上行链路预编码矩阵的信令指示方法 |
CN102223212A (zh) * | 2010-04-16 | 2011-10-19 | 电信科学技术研究院 | 预编码矩阵索引上报方法和设备 |
EP2621102A2 (en) * | 2010-09-26 | 2013-07-31 | LG Electronics Inc. | Method and apparatus for efficient feedback in a wireless communication system that supports multiple antennas |
CN104303442A (zh) * | 2013-03-08 | 2015-01-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | 预编码矩阵指示的反馈方法、接收端和发射端 |
CN106911373A (zh) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-30 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 信道信息的发送、接收方法及装置、终端和基站 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2536085B1 (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2014-08-13 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (publ) | Methods and apparatus with precoding matrices in a mimo telecommunications system |
KR101435846B1 (ko) * | 2008-10-30 | 2014-08-29 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 다중안테나를 갖는 무선 통신 시스템에서 간섭 제어 방법 |
KR101068741B1 (ko) * | 2009-02-13 | 2011-09-28 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 다중안테나 시스템에서 데이터 전송방법 및 장치 |
EP2675082B1 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2017-05-10 | LG Electronics Inc. | Method for deciding resource-specific transmission mode in wireless communication system and apparatus for same |
WO2016138628A1 (zh) * | 2015-03-03 | 2016-09-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | 传输数据的方法、装置和设备 |
US9942884B2 (en) | 2015-05-15 | 2018-04-10 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Efficient uplink data indication techniques for MIMO-OFDMA transmission in WLAN |
US10419086B2 (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2019-09-17 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for enabling uplink MIMO |
US10749584B2 (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2020-08-18 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Uplink MIMO codebook for advanced wireless communication systems |
WO2018182381A1 (ko) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-04 | 엘지전자(주) | 무선 통신 시스템에서 상향링크 데이터 전송 방법 및 이를 위한 장치 |
-
2017
- 2017-11-15 CN CN201711131566.8A patent/CN109787668B/zh active Active
-
2018
- 2018-11-09 CN CN201880051818.2A patent/CN111034063B/zh active Active
- 2018-11-09 BR BR112020009497-8A patent/BR112020009497A2/pt unknown
- 2018-11-09 AU AU2018369056A patent/AU2018369056B2/en active Active
- 2018-11-09 CA CA3082725A patent/CA3082725C/en active Active
- 2018-11-09 EP EP18878148.8A patent/EP3713104A4/en active Pending
- 2018-11-09 JP JP2020526606A patent/JP7216088B2/ja active Active
- 2018-11-09 KR KR1020207017140A patent/KR102332980B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2018-11-09 WO PCT/CN2018/114857 patent/WO2019096071A1/zh unknown
-
2020
- 2020-05-13 US US15/930,864 patent/US10958320B2/en active Active
-
2021
- 2021-03-02 US US17/189,741 patent/US11251846B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101789848A (zh) * | 2010-01-11 | 2010-07-28 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Lte-a系统的上行链路预编码矩阵的信令指示方法 |
CN102223212A (zh) * | 2010-04-16 | 2011-10-19 | 电信科学技术研究院 | 预编码矩阵索引上报方法和设备 |
EP2621102A2 (en) * | 2010-09-26 | 2013-07-31 | LG Electronics Inc. | Method and apparatus for efficient feedback in a wireless communication system that supports multiple antennas |
CN104303442A (zh) * | 2013-03-08 | 2015-01-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | 预编码矩阵指示的反馈方法、接收端和发射端 |
CN106911373A (zh) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-30 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 信道信息的发送、接收方法及装置、终端和基站 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
MEDIATEK INC: "Codebook based transmission for UL", 《3GPP TSG RAN WG1 MEETING NR#3 R1-1716785》 * |
ZTE, SANECHIPS: "Codebook based UL transmission", 《3GPP TSG RAN WG1 MEETING 90BIS R1-1717417》 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113938169A (zh) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-01-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | 预编码矩阵确定方法及装置 |
CN113938169B (zh) * | 2020-06-29 | 2023-09-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | 预编码矩阵确定方法及装置 |
CN114598366A (zh) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种通信方法、装置、芯片、存储介质及程序产品 |
CN114598366B (zh) * | 2020-12-04 | 2023-06-02 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种通信方法、装置、芯片、存储介质及程序产品 |
WO2022237711A1 (zh) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-11-17 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | 预编码矩阵的指示方法、终端及网络侧设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20210266047A1 (en) | 2021-08-26 |
EP3713104A4 (en) | 2020-12-09 |
JP2021503239A (ja) | 2021-02-04 |
KR102332980B1 (ko) | 2021-12-01 |
KR20200087818A (ko) | 2020-07-21 |
NZ765334A (en) | 2022-03-25 |
CA3082725C (en) | 2023-09-26 |
US20200274585A1 (en) | 2020-08-27 |
AU2018369056B2 (en) | 2021-10-21 |
CN109787668B (zh) | 2023-10-20 |
US10958320B2 (en) | 2021-03-23 |
CN111034063B (zh) | 2021-12-21 |
CA3082725A1 (en) | 2019-05-23 |
CN109787668A (zh) | 2019-05-21 |
JP7216088B2 (ja) | 2023-01-31 |
BR112020009497A2 (pt) | 2020-11-03 |
WO2019096071A1 (zh) | 2019-05-23 |
EP3713104A1 (en) | 2020-09-23 |
US11251846B2 (en) | 2022-02-15 |
AU2018369056A1 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN111034063B (zh) | 通信方法、通信装置和系统 | |
US11018738B2 (en) | Communication method, communications apparatus, and system | |
RU2726850C2 (ru) | Система и способ передачи информации о выборе подпространства | |
CN113346935B (zh) | 用于码本设计和信令的方法和装置 | |
KR102618282B1 (ko) | Mimo 측정 기준 신호 및 피드백을 동작시키기 위한 방법 및 장치 | |
EP2775634A2 (en) | Method for multi-input multi-output communication in large-scale antenna system | |
CN108282207A (zh) | 一种预编码矩阵指示方法、装置和系统 | |
WO2014137772A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for codebook enhancement for multi-user multiple-input multiple-output systems | |
CN110324070B (zh) | 通信方法、通信装置和系统 | |
CN111713054B (zh) | 通信方法、通信装置和系统 | |
CN107689823A (zh) | 信道状态信息反馈的方法以及一种用户设备和基站 | |
EP3907918B1 (en) | Parameter configuration method and communication apparatus | |
CN114448477A (zh) | 通信方法、通信装置和系统 | |
EP3902152A1 (en) | Method for indicating and determining pre-coding vector, and communication apparatus | |
CN108288981B (zh) | 一种信道信息反馈及确定方法、接收端和发射端设备 | |
NZ765334B2 (en) | Communication method, communications apparatus, and system |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |