CN111029589A - 一种复合锂金属负极材料的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种复合锂金属负极材料的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开一种复合锂金属负极材料的制备方法及应用,将负载材料均匀沉积在集流体表面,得到复合集流体;以复合集流体作为负极,加上隔膜、锂片、电解液组装成锂电池,进行充放电,在复合集流体上沉积锂金属,同时在高电位区负载材料被还原,原位形成人工SEI膜,形成复合锂金属负极材料;本发明复合集流体制备方法简单,材料易得等优点;得到的人工SEI膜保护层具有良好的锂离子导电性、高的弹性模量和电化学稳定性,能有效抑制锂枝晶的形成和界面副反应,提高锂金属负极的安全性和循环稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合锂金属负极材料的制备方法,属于材料合成及化学电源领域。
背景技术
锂离子电池是一种高能量密度、高效率的电能存储装置,已被广泛应用于小型可移动电子设备。锂离子电池主要由负极、正极、隔膜和电解液四大关键部件构成,材料的性质与锂离子电池的性能有着非常重要的关系。
锂离子电池负极材料为能可逆地嵌入-脱嵌锂离子/锂化-去锂化的化合物,铜箔为常用负极集流体。锂金属负极由于具有高的理论比容量和低的电位平台,被认为是锂电池负极材料的终极目标。然而,锂金属负极在长循环过程会出现锂金属的不均匀沉积,这将导致锂枝晶的生长,不断生长的锂枝晶会破坏固态电解质膜(SEI膜),使得副反应增多,造成活性材料和电池容量的损失;甚至可能会刺穿隔膜,导致电池短路,出现安全事故。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种复合锂金属负极材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将负载材料均匀沉积在集流体表面,得到复合集流体;
(2)以复合集流体作为负极,加上隔膜、锂片、电解液组装成锂电池,进行充放电,在复合集流体上沉积锂金属,同时在高电位区复合集流体上的负载材料被还原,原位形成人工SEI膜,形成包含集流体、SEI膜和锂金属沉积的复合锂金属负极材料。
步骤(1)沉积方法为原子层沉积法、喷射沉积法、物理气相沉积法、化学气相沉积法、电泳沉积法或低能团簇束沉积法等。
步骤(1)集流体为Cu箔、Cu合金箔(CuAl合金箔,CuSn箔及CuSi合金箔等)或碳基集流体,碳基集流体为碳纸、碳纳米管纸、石墨烯纸或各种碳纤维纸。
步骤(1)负载材料为硫粉(S)或过渡金属硫化物(MSx);所述过渡金属硫化物(MSx)为SnS2、In2S3、CoSx(1≤x≤2)、NiS和CuSx(1≤x≤2)等。
步骤(1)负载材料的沉积厚度为2nm~20nm。
步骤(2)电解液的电解质盐为双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI),溶剂为1,3-二氧戊环(DOL)/乙二醇二甲醚(DME)=1:1(体积比),电解质盐LiTFSI的浓度为1 mol/L。
步骤(2)充放电电流密度为0.5~1mA/cm2,充放电截止条件按容量截止,具体截止容量据实际需要决定,一般为3~5mAh,循环10~15次。
本发明复合锂金属负极材料在应用时,作为锂电池负极材料使用,循环性能好。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明的复合集流体具备制备方法简单,材料易得等优点。
(2)本发明负极材料上生成的人工SEI膜保护层具有良好的锂离子导电性、高的弹性模量和电化学稳定性,能有效抑制锂枝晶的形成和界面副反应,提高锂金属负极的安全性和循环稳定性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于所述内容。
实施例1
一种复合锂金属负极材料的制备方法,如图1所示,具体步骤如下:
(1)通过原子层沉积法(ALD)将负载材料均匀沉积在集流体表面,集流体为Cu箔,负载材料为硫粉(S),得到复合集流体;
具体步骤:
1)将Cu箔进行清洗、烘干,放入原子层沉积设备的反应室中;
2)将反应室真空度抽到0.5Pa以下,设置反应室温度为150℃;
3)通入S粉作为前驱体,沉积到Cu箔表面,制备得到复合集流体;负载材料的沉积厚度为2nm~10nm;
(2)以复合集流体作为负极,加上隔膜、锂片、电解液,在充满氩气的手套箱中组装扣式电池,电解液的电解质盐为双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI),溶剂为1,3-二氧戊环(DOL)/乙二醇二甲醚(DME)=1:1(体积比),LiTFSI的浓度为1mol/L;隔膜PP/PE/PP;进行充放电,充放电电流密度为0.5mA/cm2,充放电截止容量为5mAh,在复合集流体上沉积锂金属,同时在高电位区复合集流体上的负载材料被还原,并在充放电过程中原位电化学形成Li2Sn(n=1或2)人工SEI膜和沉积锂金属,循环10次得到包含集流体、SEI膜和锂金属沉积的复合锂金属负极材料。
将复合锂金属负极材料应用在锂电池上,组装成电池,循环性能好。
实施例2
一种复合锂金属负极材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)通过物理气相沉积法(PVD)将负载材料均匀沉积在集流体表面,集流体为CuAl合金箔,负载材料为SnS2,得到复合集流体;
具体步骤:
1)将厚度为0.03mm的CuAl合金箔,在室温下依次用丙酮、1 mol/L稀盐酸、去离子水和乙醇各超声清洗5min,然后用高纯氮气将CuAl合金箔吹干;
2)将吹干的CuAl合金箔作为基片固定在溅射腔体样品台上,并安装好SnS2靶;
3)将腔体抽真空至1×10-4Pa后通入高纯氩气,在氩气气氛下进行沉积镀膜;
4)镀膜时溅射压力为1Pa,功率25W,溅射时间10min~30min,最终得到镀SnS2膜的CuAl合金箔复合集流体,SnS2膜的厚度为10nm~20nm;
(2)以复合集流体作为负极,加上隔膜、锂片、电解液,在充满氩气的手套箱中组装扣式电池,电解液的电解质盐为双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI),溶剂为1,3-二氧戊环(DOL)/乙二醇二甲醚(DME)=1:1(体积比),LiTFSI的浓度为1mol/L;隔膜PP/PE/PP;进行充放电,充放电电流密度为1mA/cm2,充放电截止容量为3mAh,在复合集流体上沉积锂金属,同时在高电位区复合集流体上的负载材料被还原,并在充放电过程中原位电化学形成Sn/Li2Sn(n=1或2)人工SEI膜和沉积锂金属,循环15次得到包含集流体、SEI膜和锂金属沉积的复合锂金属负极材料。
将复合锂金属负极材料应用在锂电池上,组装成电池,循环性能好。
实施例3
一种复合锂金属负极材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)通过喷射沉积法将负载材料均匀沉积在集流体表面,集流体为碳纳米管纸,负载材料为In2S3,得到复合集流体;
具体步骤:
1)将碳纳米管纸进行清洗、烘干;
2)将In2S3粉末装入喷射沉积装置中在碳纳米管纸进行喷射沉积In2S3,在碳纳米管纸上制备In2S3膜,In2S3膜的厚度为5nm~10nm;
(2)以复合集流体作为负极,加上隔膜、锂片、电解液,在充满氩气的手套箱中组装扣式电池,电解液的电解质盐为双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI),溶剂为1,3-二氧戊环(DOL)/乙二醇二甲醚(DME)=1:1(体积比),LiTFSI的浓度为1mol/L;隔膜PP/PE/PP;进行充放电,充放电电流密度为1mA/cm2,充放电截止容量为3mAh,在复合集流体上沉积锂金属,同时在高电位区复合集流体上的负载材料被还原,并利用电池测试系统原位电化学形成In/Li2Sn(n=1或2)人工SEI膜和沉积锂金属,循环15次得到包含集流体、SEI膜和锂金属沉积的复合锂金属负极材料。
将复合锂金属负极材料应用在锂电池上,组装成电池,循环性能好。
实施例4
一种复合锂金属负极材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)通过原子层沉积法(ALD)将负载材料均匀沉积在集流体表面,集流体为Cu箔,负载材料为CoS,得到复合集流体;
具体步骤:
1)将厚度为0.05mm的Cu箔,在室温下依次用丙酮、1mol/L稀盐酸、去离子水和乙醇各超声清洗5min,然后用高纯氮气将Cu箔吹干;
2)将吹干后的Cu箔作为衬底,放入原子层沉积设备的腔体中,腔体压强维持在4hPa,腔体温度150℃;
3)先向腔体内通入CoS-乙酸溶液(浓度为1mol/L),脉冲时间为1.6s,然后向腔体内通入高纯氩气,去除多余CoS-乙酸溶液,通入时间10s;
4)沉积结束,取出Cu箔,得到复合集流体,Co沉积厚度为10nm~20nm;
(2)以复合集流体作为负极,加上隔膜、锂片、电解液,在充满氩气的手套箱中组装扣式电池,电解液的电解质盐为双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI),溶剂为1,3-二氧戊环(DOL)/乙二醇二甲醚(DME)=1:1(体积比),LiTFSI的浓度为1mol/L;隔膜PP/PE/PP;进行充放电,充放电电流密度为0.8mA/cm2,充放电截止容量为4mAh,在复合集流体上沉积锂金属,同时在高电位区复合集流体上的负载材料被还原,并利用电池测试系统原位电化学形成Co/Li2Sn(n=1或2)人工SEI膜和沉积锂金属,循环12次得到包含集流体、SEI膜和锂金属沉积的复合锂金属负极材料。
将复合锂金属负极材料应用在锂电池上,组装成电池,循环性能好。
Claims (8)
1.一种复合锂金属负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)将负载材料均匀沉积在集流体表面,得到复合集流体;
(2)以复合集流体作为负极,加上隔膜、锂片、电解液组装成锂电池,进行充放电,在复合集流体上沉积锂金属,同时在高电位区复合集流体上的负载材料被还原,原位形成SEI膜,形成复合锂金属负极材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述复合锂金属负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)沉积方法为原子层沉积法、喷射沉积法、物理气相沉积法、化学气相沉积法、电泳沉积法或低能团簇束沉积法。
3.根据权利要求1所述复合锂金属负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)集流体为Cu箔、Cu合金箔或碳基集流体,碳基集流体为碳纸、碳纳米管纸或石墨烯纸。
4.根据权利要求1所述复合锂金属负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)负载材料为硫粉或过渡金属硫化物;过渡金属硫化物为SnS2、In2S3、CoSx(1≤x≤2)、NiS或CuSx(1≤x≤2)。
5.根据权利要求1所述复合锂金属负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)负载材料的沉积厚度为2nm~20nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述复合锂金属负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)电解液的电解质盐为双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺锂,溶剂为1,3-二氧戊环和乙二醇二甲醚体积比1:1混合得到,电解质盐双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺锂的浓度为1mol/L。
7.根据权利要求1所述复合锂金属负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)充放电电流密度为0.5~1mA/cm2,充放电截止容量为3~5mAh,循环10~15次。
8.权利要求1所述复合锂金属负极材料的应用。
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