CN111010908B - Pneumatic ridging and seeding integrated machine - Google Patents

Pneumatic ridging and seeding integrated machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111010908B
CN111010908B CN201911390440.1A CN201911390440A CN111010908B CN 111010908 B CN111010908 B CN 111010908B CN 201911390440 A CN201911390440 A CN 201911390440A CN 111010908 B CN111010908 B CN 111010908B
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Prior art keywords
ridging
seeding
seed
urceolus
outer cylinder
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CN201911390440.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN111010908A (en
Inventor
王方艳
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Qingdao Agricultural University
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Qingdao Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/04Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • A01B49/065Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/04Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/062Devices for making drills or furrows
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00Sowing
    • A01C7/20Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sowing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a pneumatic ridging and seeding integrated machine. Including frame, ridging shaping device and two seeding monomer assemblies, ridging shaping device includes central pivot, sets up two ridging section of thick bamboo and motor in central pivot, motor and central pivot fixed connection, ridging section of thick bamboo includes inner tube, urceolus and plastic dish, and the inner tube is located the inboard of urceolus, is eccentric setting between inner tube and the urceolus, is equipped with annular cavity between urceolus and the inner tube, and the clearance between the bottom of inner tube and the urceolus is minimum, and the annular surface of urceolus is the latticed, and the inner tube is fixed in central pivot, and the both ends of urceolus are fixed with plastic dish respectively, and the plastic dish is the round platform shape, is equipped with several rectangular shape hole along the annular surface of plastic dish, is equipped with the bearing between urceolus and the central pivot. The novel sowing machine is simple in structure and convenient to operate, realizes the crushing and the condition of large soil blocks, ensures the consistency of ditching depths, and improves sowing efficiency.

Description

Pneumatic ridging and seeding integrated machine
Technical Field
The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a pneumatic ridging and seeding integrated machine.
Background
The region of China is wide, the environment, the condition, the planting mode and the like of crop production are various, and obvious differences exist in the north and the south. The northern part is a dry land operation, a specified amount of seeds are sowed into soil as a main planting means, and the used machine is a sowing machine, so that the water and the temperature in the soil can be fully utilized to enable the seedlings to emerge and grow.
However, in the actual sowing process, large soil blocks are usually generated in the soil, and the large soil blocks in the soil affect the sowing effect of seeds, so that the large soil blocks are generally crushed. At present, the large soil blocks are crushed by manpower, or the large soil blocks are crushed by a specific crushing device, so that a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed, and the sowing efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a pneumatic ridging and seeding integrated machine which is simple in structure and convenient to operate, realizes the crushing and the situation of large soil blocks, ensures the consistency of ditching depth and improves the seeding efficiency.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the pneumatic ridging and seeding integrated machine comprises a frame, a ridging and shaping device and two seeding monomer assemblies, wherein the ridging and shaping device and the two seeding monomer assemblies are arranged on the frame, the ridging and shaping device is arranged at the lower part of the frame, the two seeding monomer assemblies are connected with the rear part of the frame,
the ridging and shaping device comprises a central rotating shaft, two ridging cylinders and a motor, wherein the two ridging cylinders and the motor are arranged on the central rotating shaft, the motor is fixedly connected with the central rotating shaft, the ridging cylinders comprise an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder and shaping discs, the inner cylinder is positioned on the inner side of the outer cylinder, the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are eccentrically arranged, an annular cavity is arranged between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, the gap between the bottom of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is minimum, the annular surface of the outer cylinder is in a grid shape, the inner cylinder is fixed on the central rotating shaft, the shaping discs are respectively fixed at two ends of the outer cylinder, the shaping discs are in a circular truncated cone shape, a plurality of strip-shaped holes are formed along the annular surface of the shaping discs, and a bearing is arranged between the outer cylinder and the central rotating shaft;
each seeding unit assembly is provided with a seeding device and a furrow opener, the furrow opener is arranged in front of the seeding device and positioned at the bottom of the seeding unit assembly, the front end of the depth limiting plate is connected with the frame of the seeding unit assembly, the rear end of the depth limiting plate is horizontal, the rear end of the depth limiting plate is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped holes, and a furrowing shovel of the furrow opener is arranged in each strip-shaped hole.
The seeding device comprises a seeding device and a seed dividing device, wherein the seed dividing device is connected with a seed feeding port at the bottom of the seeding device, a plurality of seed scraping plates made of brass are arranged in the seeding device, an air inlet baffle plate is arranged at an air inlet of the seeding device, a vent hole is arranged on the side wall of a seed discharging cavity in the seeding device, a seed falling cavity connected with the seed feeding port at the bottom of the seeding device is arranged at the upper part of the seed dividing device, two independent seed falling pipes are arranged at the bottom of the seed falling cavity, and are respectively positioned in front of two ridging cylinders in the ridging and shaping device, and arc-shaped slide ways are arranged in the seed falling pipes.
The afterbody of seeding monomer assembly is equipped with the pinch roller, and the pinch roller includes outer roller and interior roller, and interior roller is fixed on the center pin of pinch roller, and outer roller is located the outside of interior roller, connects through the several spring between outer roller and the interior roller, and the spring sets up along circumferencial direction interval.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The ridging and leveling device not only plays a role in ridging soil and shaping the ridged soil, but also can cut up and level large soil blocks in the ridging process, so that the ridging effect of the soil is ensured;
(2) The seed metering device can prevent seeds from adhering in the seed metering process, and the low-speed equipotential lowering of the seeds is realized through the seed divider;
(3) By arranging the depth limiting plate, the ditching depth of the ditcher is ensured to be consistent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a seeding monomer assembly;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a seed metering device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the seed divider;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the seed meter air inlet;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the ridging and shaping device;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction A-A of FIG. 6;
fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the press wheel.
In the figure: 1, a sowing device; 2 ridging and shaping devices; 3, earthing plates; 4, a depth limiting plate; 5, a furrow opener; 6, a seed sowing device; 601 scraping a seed plate; 602 a vent hole; 603 air inlet baffle; 7 seed separators; 8, a central rotating shaft; 9 ridging cylinders; 901 an inner cylinder; 902 an outer cylinder; 904 shaping the disc; a 10 motor; 11 press wheels; 1101 an outer roller; 1102 a spring; 1103 inner roll; 12 fans.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings.
In the following description, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than those herein described, and those skilled in the art may readily devise numerous other arrangements that do not depart from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
As shown in fig. 1, the pneumatic ridging and seeding integrated machine comprises a frame, a ridging and shaping device 2 and two seeding monomer assemblies, wherein the ridging and shaping device 2 and the two seeding monomer assemblies are arranged on the frame, the seeding monomer assemblies are positioned behind the ridging device 2, the ridging and shaping device 2 is arranged at the lower part of the frame, and the two seeding monomer assemblies are connected with the rear part of the frame. The seeder is matched with a tractor for use.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the ridging and shaping device 2 comprises a central rotating shaft 8, two ridging cylinders 9 arranged on the central rotating shaft 8 and a motor 10, wherein the motor 10 can be positioned between the two ridging cylinders 9, and the motor 10 acts to drive the central rotating shaft 8 to rotate. The ridging barrel 9 comprises an inner barrel 901, an outer barrel 902 and a shaping disk 904, wherein the inner barrel 901 is positioned at the inner side of the outer barrel 902, the inner barrel 901 and the outer barrel 902 are eccentrically arranged, an annular cavity is arranged between the outer barrel 902 and the inner barrel 901, and the gap between the bottom of the inner barrel and the outer barrel is the smallest. The annular surface of the outer cylinder 902 is in a grid shape. The inner cylinder 901 is fixed on the central rotating shaft 8, shaping discs 904 are respectively fixed at two ends of the outer cylinder 902, the shaping discs 904 are in a round table shape, and a plurality of strip-shaped holes are formed along the annular surface of the shaping discs. A bearing is provided between the outer cylinder 902 and the central rotating shaft 8. When the tractor pulls the pneumatic ridging and seeding integrated machine to move, the motor 10 acts, the motor 10 drives the central rotating shaft 8 to rotate, so that the inner cylinder 901 is driven to rotate, and the outer cylinder 902 passively rotates along with the whole device under the pulling action of the tractor, and at the moment, the rotating speeds of the inner cylinder 901 and the outer cylinder 902 are different. In the ridging process, large soil blocks enter between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder through grid holes on the outer cylinder 902, the inner cylinder rotates along with the central rotating shaft 8, the outer cylinder passively rotates along with the whole device, and the large soil blocks between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder are pressed and ground by utilizing different rotating speeds of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, so that the large soil blocks in an annular cavity between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are chopped and leveled.
As shown in fig. 2, each seeding unit assembly is provided with a seeding device 1, a furrow opener 5, a soil covering plate 3 and a pressing wheel 11, and the soil covering device 3 is positioned at the tail part of the seeding unit assembly. The seeding device comprises a seed metering device 6 and a seed dividing device 7, and the seed dividing device 7 is connected with a seed feeding port at the bottom of the seed metering device 6. When the seeder works, negative pressure is generated by the high-speed fan 12 and is transmitted to the vacuum chamber of the seed sowing device 6. The seed metering device 6 comprises a seed metering disc and a plurality of seed scraping plates 601, wherein a plurality of seed sucking holes are formed in the seed metering disc along the circumferential direction of the seed metering disc, and seeds are sucked under the negative pressure effect of a vacuum chamber and rotate together with the seed metering disc when the seed metering disc rotates. When the seeds are transferred out of the vacuum chamber, the seeds are not subjected to negative pressure any more and fall into the ditch through the seed separator 7 under the action of the seed scraper or by the dead weight, so that single-seed precision sowing is realized.
The seed metering device works in sequence through three sections of seed filling, seed carrying and seed metering. The seed suction section refers to a process that the seed metering device sucks seeds on the seed holes by means of negative pressure; the seed carrying section refers to a process that seeds adsorbed to the seed holes rotate to the seed sowing section along with the seed sowing plate by a certain angle under the actions of self gravity, centrifugal inertia force, friction force, negative pressure suction force and the like; the negative pressure of the seed discharging section disappears, and when the seeds are transferred to the seed feeding port, the seeds fall into the seed guide device under the action of self gravity or the seed scraping device to finish the seed discharging process. The seed sowing section is ideally in zero-pressure seed sowing, and falls into the seed guide under the action of the gravity of seeds.
As shown in fig. 3, a vent 602 is arranged at the seeding apparatus shell of the seeding section, and the vent 602 is communicated with the outside to ensure zero-pressure seeding. A plurality of seed scraping plates 601 are arranged in the seed carrying section and used for scraping off redundant seeds absorbed by the suction holes, so that the replay rate is reduced. The seed scraping device at the seed feeding port is used for scraping seeds which do not fall off under the action of self gravity on the seed holes, so that the miss-seeding rate is reduced. The scraping plates are made of brass, static charges generated by friction can be eliminated, and seed adhesion is avoided. As shown in fig. 5, the upper part of the seed divider 7 is provided with a seed dropping cavity connected with a seed dropping port at the bottom of the seed metering device 6, and the bottom of the seed dropping cavity is provided with two independent seed dropping pipes, so that double-row simultaneous seeding is realized, and an arc-shaped slideway is arranged in each seed dropping pipe. The seed is split by the seed splitter, so that one-time double-row sowing is realized, and the falling of the low-speed seeds and the like is realized by means of the curved slideway. As shown in fig. 4, an air inlet baffle 603 is arranged at the air inlet in the cavity of the seed metering device, which plays a role of gentle air flow, and avoids the phenomenon that a single suction hole adsorbs multiple seeds and replay due to overlarge local air flow.
The front of the seeding device 1 is provided with a furrow opener 5, and the furrow opener 5 is positioned at the bottom of the seeding monomer assembly and is used for opening seed furrows and guiding seeds into the seed furrows. The depth limiting plate 4 is arranged near the furrow opener 5, the front end of the depth limiting plate 4 is arc-shaped and is connected with the frame of the seeding monomer assembly, the rear end of the depth limiting plate 4 is horizontal, a plurality of strip-shaped holes are formed in the rear end of the depth limiting plate, a furrowing shovel of the furrow opener 5 is arranged in the strip-shaped holes, and the depth limiting plate 4 can enable the ground after furrowing to be kept horizontal all the time and ensure that the furrowing depth is consistent. The rear of the furrow opener 5 is provided with a soil covering plate 3 which can timely cover wet soil on seeds. The tail part of the seeding monomer assembly is provided with a pressing wheel 11, and the pressing wheel 11 can press soil to enable seeds to be in tight contact with wet soil.
As shown in fig. 8, the pinch roller 11 includes an outer roller 1101 and an inner roller 1103, the inner roller 1103 is fixed on the central axis of the pinch roller 11, the outer roller 1101 is located outside the inner roller 1103, the outer roller 1101 and the inner roller 1103 are connected by a plurality of springs 1102, and the springs are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction. Because the outer roller 1101 is arranged in a floating way, the outer roller vibrates during walking, clay can be effectively avoided, and seeds which are sown by the belt can be prevented.
The working process of the invention is as follows: under the driving action of the tractor, the whole seeder is driven to move forwards, and in the moving process, the ridging and shaping device 2 performs ridging and shaping on farmlands, and can cut and flatten large soil blocks. The seed ditching device 5 is used for ditching seeds, the seeds are guided into the seed ditching device, and the ditching depth is ensured to be consistent through the depth limiting plate 4 in the ditching process. Seeds are precisely planted to a seed feeding port through the seed sowing device 6, fall into a ditch through the seed dividing device 7, and finally are covered in soil through the soil covering wheel 301.
The pneumatic ridging and seeding integrated machine provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (1)

1. The utility model provides a pneumatic ridging seeding all-in-one, includes frame, ridging shaper (2) and two seeding monomer assemblies all set up in the frame, ridging shaper (2) set up in the lower part of frame, and two seeding monomer assemblies are connected its characterized in that with the rear portion of frame:
the ridging and shaping device (2) comprises a central rotating shaft (8), two ridging cylinders (9) and a motor (10), wherein the two ridging cylinders (9) and the motor (10) are arranged on the central rotating shaft (8), the motor (10) is fixedly connected with the central rotating shaft (8), the ridging cylinders (9) comprise an inner cylinder (901), an outer cylinder (902) and a shaping disc (904), the inner cylinder (901) is positioned at the inner side of the outer cylinder (902), the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are eccentrically arranged, an annular cavity is arranged between the outer cylinder (902) and the inner cylinder (901), the gap between the bottom of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is the smallest, the annular surface of the outer cylinder (902) is in a grid shape, the inner cylinder (901) is fixed on the central rotating shaft (8), the two ends of the outer cylinder (902) are respectively fixed with the shaping disc (904), a plurality of long-shaped holes are formed along the annular surface of the shaping disc, and a bearing is arranged between the outer cylinder (902) and the central rotating shaft (8);
each seeding unit assembly is provided with a seeding device (1) and a furrow opener (5), the furrow opener (5) is arranged in front of the seeding device (1), the earthing device (3) is positioned at the tail part of each seeding unit assembly, the furrow opener (5) is positioned at the bottom of each seeding unit assembly, the front end of the depth limiting plate (4) is connected with a frame of each seeding unit assembly, the rear end of the depth limiting plate (4) is horizontal, a plurality of strip-shaped holes are formed in the rear end of the depth limiting plate, and a furrow opener shovel of the furrow opener (5) is arranged in each strip-shaped hole;
the seeding device (1) comprises a seeding device (6) and a seed divider (7), wherein the seed divider (7) is connected with a seed feeding port at the bottom of the seeding device (6), a plurality of seed scraping plates (601) made of brass are arranged in the seeding device (6), air inlet baffle plates (603) are arranged at the air inlet of the seeding device, vent holes (602) are arranged on the side wall of a seed feeding cavity in the seeding device (6), a seed falling cavity connected with the seed feeding port at the bottom of the seeding device (6) is arranged at the upper part of the seed divider (7), two independent seed falling pipes are arranged at the bottom of the seed falling cavity, and are respectively positioned in front of two ridging drums in the ridging and shaping device (2) and arc-shaped slide ways are arranged in the seed falling pipes;
the afterbody of seeding monomer assembly is equipped with pinch roller (11), and pinch roller (11) are including outer roller (1101) and interior roller (1103), and interior roller (1103) are fixed on the center pin of pinch roller (11), and outer roller (1101) are located the outside of interior roller (1103), are connected through several spring (1102) between outer roller (1101) and interior roller (1103), and the spring is along circumference direction interval setting.
CN201911390440.1A 2019-12-30 2019-12-30 Pneumatic ridging and seeding integrated machine Active CN111010908B (en)

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CN111010908B true CN111010908B (en) 2023-12-05

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115997508A (en) * 2023-03-01 2023-04-25 青岛大顺精锋工贸有限公司 Air suction type seeding integrated machine for composite operation

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CN104472078A (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-04-01 南京瑞淳农业科技有限公司 Precision water direct seeding machine for paddy rice
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